Carlos Carvalho

The faith of tissue engineered bone replacing constructs depends on their early supply with oxygen and nutrients, and thus on a rapid vascularization. Although some models for direct observation of angiogenesis are described, none of them allows the observation of new vessel formation in desmal bone. Therefore, we developed a new chamber model suit...

Scaffolds used in the field of tissue engineering should facilitate the adherence, spreading, and ingrowth of cells as well as prevent microbial adherence. For the first time, this study simultaneously deals with microbial and tissue cell adhesion to rapid prototyping-produced 3D-scaffolds. The cell growth of human osteosarcoma cells (CAL-72) over...

In this study we examined the release kinetics of valproate from polycaprolactone (PCL) implants constructed for local antiepileptic therapy. The PCL implants were produced with a novel 3D-Bioplotting technology. Release kinetics were determined by superfusion of these implants. Valproate was measured in the superfusate fractions with high pressure...

Biofilm formation was evaluated on the following titanium and zirconia implants in vivo: machined titanium (Ti-m), modified titanium (TiUnite), modified zirconia (ZiUnite), machined alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ-m), sandblasted alumina-toughened zirconia (ATZ-s), and machined zirconia (TZP-A-m). Bovine enamel slabs were used as controls. Surface...

The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effect of three different cell-seeded 3D-bioplotted scaffolds in a ovine calvarial critical-size defect model. The choice of scaffold-materials was based on their applicability for 3D-bioplotting and respective possibility to produce tailor-made scaffolds for the use in cranio-facial surgery f...

Bone substitutes should ideally promote rapid vascularization, which could be accelerated if these substitutes were vitalized by autologous cells. Although adequate engraftment of porous poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds has been demonstrated in the past, it has not yet been investigated how vascularization is influenced by vitalization...

We analyzed, in vivo, whether the establishment of blood supply to implanted scaffolds can be accelerated by inosculation of an in situ-preformed microvascular network with the host microvasculature. A rapid vascularization is crucial for the survival of scaffold-based transplanted tissue constructs. Poly-lactic-glycolic acid scaffolds were implant...

Rapid prototyping (RP)-produced scaffolds are gaining increasing importance in scaffold-guided tissue engineering. Microbial adhesion on the surface of replacement materials has a strong influence on healing and long-term outcome. Consequently, it is important to examine the adherence of microorganisms on RP-produced scaffolds. This research focuss...

Scaffolds for tissue engineering of bone should mimic bone matrix and promote vascular ingrowth. Whether synthetic hydroxyapatite and acellular dentin, both materials composed from calcium phosphate, fulfill these material properties has not been studied yet. Therefore, we herein studied in vivo the host angiogenic and inflammatory response to thes...

In tissue engineering, rapid ingrowth of blood vessels into scaffolds is a major prerequisite for the survival of three-dimensional tissue constructs. In the present study, we investigated whether the vascularization of implanted poly-D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds may be accelerated by incorporation of Matrigel. For this purpose, we...

Background: Scaffolds for tissue engineering of bone should mimic bone matrix and promote vascular ingrowth. Whether synthetic hydroxyapatite and acellular dentin, both materials composed from calcium phosphate, fulfill these material properties has not been studied yet. Therefore, the aim of the present in vivo study was to analyze the host angiog...

Background: In tissue engineering, survival of three-dimensional tissue constructs critically depends on an adequate vascularization after implantation. Accordingly, several approaches are currently under investigation to promote a rapid ingrowth of new blood vessels into tissue constructs. However, all of these approaches do yet not result in a su...

The aim of this investigation was to develop and test the accuracy of a procedure for fabricating individual preformed titanium meshes for orbital fractures. Preoperative CT datasets from five patients with orbital fractures were used for 3D reconstruction by mirroring the unaffected side onto the defective one, resulting in a new sub-volume. A tem...

For tissue engineering, scaffolds should be biocompatible and promote neovascularization. Because little is known on those specific properties, we herein studied in vivo the host angiogenic and inflammatory response after implantation of commonly used scaffold materials. Porous poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and collagen-chitosan-hydroxyapatit...

Long-term function of three-dimensional (3D) tissue constructs depends on adequate vascularization after implantation. Accordingly, research in tissue engineering has focused on the analysis of angiogenesis. For this purpose, 2 sophisticated in vivo models (the chorioallantoic membrane and the dorsal skinfold chamber) have recently been introduced...

Die Rückenhautkammer in balb/c Mäusen stellt ein ideales Modell dar, um die inflammatorische und angiogene Gewebereaktion auf Scaffold-Biomaterialien in vivo zu untersuchen. In der vorliegenden Studie konnten wir damit zeigen, dass PLGA-Scaffolds im Vergleich zu Hydrogel-Scaffolds durch eine wesentlich bessere Biokompatibilität mit einer signifikan...

In Tissue Engineering and bone reconstruction, alongside the choice of materials, the scaffold design is of great importance. Three dimensional structures not only permit the tuning of chemical and mechanical properties, but they can also copy the outer form of the required bone or cartilaginous structures. While new processes that create such 3D s...

Introduction Due to the limited availability of autografts, allografts and xenografts, the interest in artificial scaffolds for regenerative medicine is increasing. These scaffolds must not only have a patient tailored exterior surface for cosmetic purposes, as well as a complex inner structure for extended cell adhesion, but must also be flexible...