About
97
Publications
61,851
Reads
How we measure 'reads'
A 'read' is counted each time someone views a publication summary (such as the title, abstract, and list of authors), clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the full-text. Learn more
1,404
Citations
Introduction
Current institution
Additional affiliations
January 2002 - January 2022
Education
January 2009 - December 2009
January 1994 - June 2001
Publications
Publications (97)
A variety of established tools are available for agricultural sustainability assessment at global, regional, and farm geographical scales. However, no assessment has been reported in research literature to indicate their ability to provide insights about the most sustainable cropping system at plot level or experimental unit. Despite the environmen...
In Colombia, the second-largest exporter of cut flowers worldwide and one of the South American countries with the largest area of crops under cover, passive or naturally ventilated greenhouses predominate. Locally, there are several types of greenhouses that differ in architecture, size, height, shape of roof and ventilation surfaces, of which man...
In tropical countries, part of the horticultural production is carried out in hillside soils. In recent years, due to the adverse effects of climate change and other biotic factors that limit and affect agricultural production, the use of roof structures has been promoted as a technological means to improve production in this type of production sys...
The dimensions of a passive greenhouse are one of the decisions made by producers or
builders based on characteristics of the available land and the economic cost of building the structure per unit of covered area. In few cases, the design criteria are reviewed and the dimensions are established based on the type of crop and local climate condition...
Many soil quality indicators (SQI) are generally used to evaluate the medium- and long-term variation of soil quality. The possibilities are reduced when this variation is planned to be evaluated through seasonal experiments. The objective of this work was to find the most feasible SQI to be used at the plot scale in seasonal experiments. Five SQI...
Las evaluaciones de sostenibilidad son el mecanismo más adecuado para determinar si un método, alternativa o tendencia de producción de cultivos es viable desde el punto de vista ambiental, económico y social. Estas evaluaciones se realizan por medio de herramientas basadas en indicadores, algunos asociados con las propiedades, la composición, los...
In Colombia, cut flower production takes place in naturally ventilated plastic greenhouses, sometimes leading to inappropriate microclimates with high temperatures and humidity that constrain plant development. In order to reverse this trend, a new greenhouse prototype was designed, built and evaluated on a real scale, with the design principles of...
Cut flower production in the Bogotá savanna is one of Colombia’s main export products. Flower production is mainly carried out in greenhouses, as this type of production system has substantial advantages over crops grown in open fields. Protected agriculture provides timely climate management that improves crop yields. The objective of this work wa...
The use of covered structures is an alternative increasingly used by farmers to increase crop yields per unit area compared to open field production. In Latin American countries such as Colombia, productive areas are located in with predominantly hillside soil conditions. In the last two decades, farmers have introduced cover structures adapted to...
The environmental fate of pesticides has been widely studied in temperate regions but not in tropical regions. In Colombia, tomato is an important commodity characterized by the excessive use of pesticides; however, the environmental fate of pesticides has not yet been determined. Residues for 30 pesticides were analyzed in fruits, leaves, and soil...
PurposeThe presence of correlations between input parameters in a life cycle assessment (LCA) is a well-known issue. On top of that, the univariate distribution of environmental indicators, in most cases, does not follow the Gaussian nor the lognormal distribution. In this article, we introduce the copula modeling to build joint multivariate sampli...
The thermal efficiency of naturally ventilated greenhouses is limited due to the permanent exchange of air through the vents, especially during the night hours. The objective of the work consisted in evaluating a system of inflatable air ducts that close the roof vents during the night as a strategy to reduce the energy loss during these hours. For...
Food can be health-giving. A global transition towards plant-based diets may equally help curb carbon emissions, slow land-system change and conserve finite resources. Yet, projected benefits of such 'planetary health' diets imperfectly capture the environmental or societal health outcomes tied to food production. Here, we examine pesticide-related...
The spatial behavior of the environmental variables involved in rose production is one of the factors of greatest current interest in the Colombian ornamental sector. The aim of this work consisted in the evaluation of a passive greenhouse through an experimental approach that included the capture and recording of data through a grid of 40 sensors...
Carnation production in Colombia, the world’s main exporter, takes place entirely in naturally ventilated greenhouses. This type
of structure presents non-homogeneous microclimate conditions which differentially affect crop growth and development, which
is why this issue has been of great research interest in recent years. The objective was to dete...
Since 2010, as a result of the increased attention to quinoa as a highly nutritious crop and increased international demand, the acreage and production of quinoa expanded rapidly in the Andes region. Global demand and price increases create opportunities for smallholder Andean farmers but also concerns on the environmental impacts of quinoa acreage...
In the Colombian high-altitude tropics, protected horticulture is carried out under passively ventilated greenhouses. Still, nowadays, the current knowledge about the performance of these structures in the commercial areas under tropical conditions is scarce. The present work presents a combined methodology for the study of the natural ventilation...
In passive plastic greenhouses that do not have heating systems, the phenomenon of thermal inversion occurs, which means that the temperature inside the greenhouse is lower than the outdoor environment; therefore, the plants are exposed to thermal conditions that are unsuitable for production. The aim of this work was to evaluate passive air climat...
Temperature Airflow The microclimate of naturally ventilated greenhouses, which are extensively used in tropical regions to produce various food or commercial crops, is highly dependent on the efficiency of ventilation that varies according to the local climate and the main characteristics of the greenhouse. Numerical simulation facilitates the spa...
The protected horticultural production in tropical countries such as Colombia takes place mainly under passively ventilated greenhouses. The major drawback of the traditional Colombian greenhouse is its low ventilation rate leading to inadequate microclimates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the airflow behavior, ventilation rates and the...
In Colombia, roses (Rosa sp.) are mostly cultivated in naturally ventilated greenhouses. The objective of this work was to develop a characterization of the microclimate generated inside a greenhouse through the numerical modelling of air flows by using the CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) software of finite volumes. The CFD-3D model used was va...
In Colombia the production of flowers is carried out in different types of greenhouses with a common feature and it is the passive type of climate control. At present, the knowledge on the climatic performance of these structures is scarce. The objective of this work was to evaluate the thermal behavior of a suspension-type chapel greenhouse under...
En Colombia, la producción de rosa (Rosa sp.) se desarrolla en un alto porcentaje en invernaderos ventilados en forma natural. El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar una caracterización del microclima generado en el interior de un invernadero a través de la modelación numérica de los flujos de aire mediante un software CFD (Computatio...
![Figure 2. Simulated and measured temperature [° C].](profile/Edwin-Villagran-Munar/publication/333653136/figure/fig1/AS:767139124371456@1559911628696/Simulated-and-measured-temperature-C_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 4. Ventilation rate Φ [m 3 m -2 s -1 ] calculated for each...](profile/Edwin-Villagran-Munar/publication/333653136/figure/fig3/AS:767139124375554@1559911628833/entilation-rate-PH-m-3-m-2-s-1-calculated-for-each-simulated-case_Q320.jpg)
![Figure 6. Thermal differential ∆T [° C] calculated under wind speeds of...](profile/Edwin-Villagran-Munar/publication/333653136/figure/fig5/AS:767139128541185@1559911629088/Thermal-differential-T-C-calculated-under-wind-speeds-of-02-A-05-B-10-C_Q320.jpg)
In tropical regions the production of ornamentals is developed exclusively in naturally ventilated plastic greenhouses, which sometimes leads to inappropriate microclimates with high temperatures and humidity that limit the productive development of plants.The aim of this work was to study air flows, temperature distribution and relative humidity i...
The study of the thermic behavior of protected agriculture structures passive type stablished on tropical weather conditions still being relevant when adequate micro climate conditions are guaranteed for growth and development of the plants. In Colombia that behavior and the natural ventilation phenomenon has not been studied for warm weather condi...
El estudio del comportamiento térmico de las estructuras de agricultura protegida de tipo pasivo establecidas en condiciones de clima tropical sigue siendo un aspecto relevante, esto con el fin de garantizar las condiciones micro climáticas adecuadas para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. En Colombia este comportamiento al igual que el de...
The growing expansion of protected horticulture in many
regions is occurring around densely populated areas where land
for agriculture is scarce, expensive or is used for other purposes.
Inexpensive plastic passively ventilated greenhouses are the common choice for protected cultivation in these developing regions.
The objective of this work was to...
Datasets presented here were employed in the main work “Understanding the heterogeneity of smallholder production systems in the Andean tropics – The case of Colombian tomato growers” Gil, et al., 2019. In this region, tomato crop is developed under two technological levels: low, carried out under open field (OF) conditions and, a high, by using gr...
In developing countries, a common goal is to improve horticultural production systems as a strategy to increase food security and to improve the living conditions of these rural communities. However, smallholder-based agricultural systems are highly heterogeneous due to the wide range of biophysical conditions to which the crops are exposed, and th...
In Colombia, flower production takes place in greenhouses of different types and geometric shapes, but with the common feature of using natural ventilation for climate control. At present the knowledge on the climatic performance of these structures is scarce. The aim of this work was to evaluate the thermal behavior of a greenhouse under day and n...
Potential crop models simulate the plant growth under nonlimiting biophysical conditions with no other factor than the climate to which the plants are exposed to. These models may fail to adequately represent the crop performance if they are not adapted to the local conditions. The particularities of Colombian tomato systems (greenhouse and open fi...
In Colombia a high proportion of population and economic activities are concentrated in few regions, generating a high demand for water at that places. Agriculture is recognized as a highly demanding of water activity, and for that could conflicts with other activities. In this work aims to determine the monthly water offer and irrigation water dem...
El tomate es una de las hortalizas de mayor consumo
en Colombia, y, por lo tanto, también es uno de
los productos hortícolas con mayor área cultivada.
La diversidad de zonas agroclimáticas de Colombia
permite que el tomate se cultive a lo largo y ancho
del país bajo dos principales sistemas de cultivo: a
campo abierto y bajo invernadero.
El desarro...
En Colombia la producción de hortalizas bajo invernadero se ha enfocado casi en su totalidad a la producción de tomate y en particular a los cultivares tipo larga vida. Aun cuando en las principales zonas agrícolas bajo invernadero alrededor del mundo se ha desarrollado un amplio portafolio de productos hortícolas, este grado de diversificación no...
La investigación que se presenta en esta publicación tuvo como finalidad generar una herramienta de diseño que permita diseñar y optimizar los sistemas de ventilación de los invernaderos de producción de flores de corte en cuatro subregiones de la Sabana de Bogotá, a través del conocimiento de las condiciones microclimáticas de los invernaderos y e...
The water footprint has been established as an indicator to assess water use by a product. However, the grey component of the water footprint (GWF) has received the least focus compared to the green and blue components. In developing countries, the GWF estimation is restricted by the availability of data concerning crop practices. The various bioph...
In Colombia, the optimization of greenhouses design has not had greater relevance, neither
the work performed by the flower industry, consequently a high percentage of the existing
structures have ventilation deficiencies that generate inadequate microclimates restricting
the crop production potential. The objective of this work was to study the ef...
Greenhouse tomato production uses structures that protect crops from extreme environmental conditions; however, the climate inside Colombian greenhouses is often not optimal and crops are susceptible to attack by fungal diseases. The use of simulation models for early warnings of attack by diseases have helped to rationalize the use of chemical pes...
Greenhouse tomato production uses structures that protect crops from extreme environmental conditions; however, the climate inside Colombian greenhouses is often not optimal and crops are susceptible to attack by fungal diseases. The use of simulation models for early warnings of attack by diseases have helped to rationalize the use of chemical pes...
Tomato represents an important vegetable crop worldwide. During cropping cycle several diseases and abnormal conditions may affect tomato plants resulting on considerable losses of production. A precise identification of these pathologies in early phases is fundamental for the implementation of control strategies. Nevertheless, the right identifica...
This work presents a Computer Vision prototype strategy for the automatic detection of mycotic infections on tomato crops. This Computer Vision method is based on the characterization of tomato leaflets (both healthy and early blight-infected regions of interest - ROIs) by color description (MPEG-7 standard descriptors). A small size ROI collection...
Tomato production in Colombia is characterized by the intensive use of pesticides. Those surpluses of molecules are located in different environmental fates. Thus, the objective was to determine pesticides in soil from greenhouses and open field tomato farming systems. To achieve that, in 2013, 32 soil composite samples (100g.each) were taken rando...
In Colombia, greenhouse tomato production systems are thought to cause considerable environmental impact. In this study, we employ life cycle assessment to assess the environmental impact of tomato production in a key growing area, the Alto Ricaurte province. A regional farmer survey (n = 117) was the primary data source, while secondary data for b...
El nitrógeno es necesario para las plantas, pero debido a la ineficacia de estas para absorberlo, tan solo un bajo porcentaje es asimilado, y el restante es liberado al ambiente. El trabajo que aquí se presenta se enfocó en determinar la dinámica del nitrógeno en la producción de tomate hidropónico con sistema de drenaje abierto y bajo condiciones...
In computer vision research, the construction of image datasets is a critical process, given the need for robust experimentation frameworks that ensure the quality and validity of the resulting conclusions and performance measurements in each particular study. Therefore, experimental datasets must optimize their statistical, visual and computationa...
This work presents the validation results of a simple, fast and low-cost sample preparation method for the determination of pesticide residues in soil by ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The method uses acetonitrile ultrasound-assisted extraction, centrifugation and evaporation step, without furt...
The presence of 17 pesticide residues was determined in just-picked tomatoes coming from open field and greenhouse farms in Colombia. Pesticide residues were quantified through a multiresidue method using ultra performance liquid chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometer. The results give no clear indication about which farming system is producing...
Abstract Predicting the population dynamics of insects in natural conditions is essential for their management or preservation, and temperature‐dependent development models contribute to achieving this. In this research the effects of temperature and soil moisture content on egg development and hatching of Clavipalpus ursinus (Blanchard) were evalu...
a b s t r a c t The inputeoutput balance methodology has been applied to characterize the energy balance of agri-cultural systems. This study proposes to extend this methodology with the inclusion of multivariate analysis to reveal particular patterns in the energy use of a system. The objective was to demonstrate the usefulness of multivariate exp...
Nowadays sustainability has become one of the major topics of interest in farming systems research. Farming systems sustainability is analyzed in this work by introducing the concept of technical sustainability, defined here as the ability of a biological production system to make an efficient use of the available resources on field level with the...
En Colombia la optimización del diseño de los invernaderos no ha tenido mayor relevancia y en consecuencia las estructuras existentes presentan deficiencias en su ventilación, generando así microclimas inadecuados para los cultivos. A nivel productivo, el manejo climático es deficiente, olvidando que el microclima interior es función de característ...
In recent years many scientists have proved the existence of important temperature gradients associated to airflow variations inside greenhouses. Under tropical conditions, greenhouses are ventilated through side and roof vents that are operated manually; and suffer from important temperature gradients. The aim of this study was to analyze differen...
El presente manual de producción de pimentón bajo invernadero recoge las experiencias y resultados del proyecto de investigación "Desarrollo e implementación de un modelo de producción para los cultivos de pepino y pimentón bajo invernadero". El objetivo general de este proyecto fue el de establecer un modelo de producción de pepino y pimentón bajo...
The objective of temperature control in cold storage systems is to maintain an average temperature limited by a maximum temperature deviation within the produce. Temperature is a key factor in postharvest quality that is usually supported by the belief that it is well controlled and uniform in cold storage systems. Cold stores show non-uniform air...
In many horticultural areas, the pest management in bio-physically limited and technically constrained production systems is reduced to a chemical control strategy. The environmental impact and fate of pesticides and fertilizers is becoming a matter of growing concern among research organizations and governmental institutions in countries such as C...
In many horticultural areas, the pest management in bio-physically limited and technically constrained production systems is reduced to a chemical control strategy. The environmental impact and fate of pesticides and fertilizers is becoming a matter of growing concern among research organizations and governmental institutions in countries such as C...
p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"> Currently, Colombia has 3,390 ha cultivated with tomato under greenhouse conditions characterized by their low level of climate control. In areas where low night temperatures limit tomato production, we evaluated the effect of aluminized screens on the production of the crop....
The characterization of the dynamics of canopy coverage represents a relevant matter of study in the field of crop physiology.
The objective of this work was to calibrate a model able to simulate potato canopy coverage as a function of thermal time,
but including the error structure in such model. This was accomplished by using a mixed effects mode...
RESUMEN La productividad del cultivo de tomate bajo invernadero es resultado de la interacción de factores ecofisioló-gicos, de los cuales el productor ejerce un mayor o menor grado de control sobre ellos. Factores como densi-dad de plantación y poda de frutos determinan la productividad y el agricultor aplica sus propios esquemas de manejo de acue...
Colombia is the second-largest exporter of flowers in the world. The major production hub is placed around the capital city, Bogota. Approximately 7266 ha are devoted to production of ornamental species under greenhouse conditions, the most important being roses (Rosa spp.) and carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus). Concern about the environmental per...
Throughout this presentation the Colombian tomato production in the high tropics is discussed as an example. The high altitude tropical climate of the Bogota plateau is characterized and the necessity for protected tomato cultivation is explained. As a consequence of the specific climate conditions in the high tropics and the climate demand of toma...
A water-film above the leaf surface is a necessary condition for the start of the infective process of many pathogens. Therefore, the Leaf Wetness Duration (LWD) has a strong relationship with the development and outbreak of plant diseases. The occurrence of free water on leaf surfaces is a common situation for the simple plastic greenhouses used t...
Although the peri-urban region around Bogotá, Colombia contains a diversified horticulture sector, local vegetable production suffers from a critical lack of research and availability of un-biased, scientifically validated information on crop management. In this study, we identify current trends and deficiencies in fertilisation and pest management...
Scarce information is available about the energy use pattern of horticultural commodities in general and more specifically for peri-urban horticulture. Peri-urban horticulture in the outskirts of Bogota is an important source of vegetables for Colombia's capital city. Based on detailed follow-ups and periodic field measurements an output–input ener...
PurposeAt the parameter level, data inaccuracy, data gaps, and the use of unrepresentative data have been recognized as sources of
uncertainty in life cycle assessment (LCA). In many LCA uncertainty studies, parameter distributions were created based on
the measured variability or on “rules of thumb,” but the possible existence of correlation was n...
Geostatistical analyses have been used very little for the study of the variability of environmental conditions under greenhouse conditions. The spatio-temporal temperature variation was assessed inside two types of greenhouses in the Bogota Plateau, Colombia, applying geostatistical methods. A single-layer polyethylene greenhouse (PGH, 5100 m 2),...
Users of potential crop growth models have generally assumed homogenous greenhouse climate conditions for simulation purposes. Geostatistics offers the possibility to represent the spatial dependence of climate variables such as temperature distribution in greenhouses. In order to obtain insight in the relevance of temperature distribution on the p...
Lulo (Solanum quitoense) is an exotic fruit that originated and is cultivated in the high Andean tropics. The plant exhibits a very low growth rate and the growth period can extend to up to 2 years. A node appearance model based on thermal time approach was calibrated for this plant, by using datasets coming from field experiments conducted under d...
