Carlisle George

• PhD, LLM, BVC, PGDL, PGCHE, BSc, Dip.(FCP), Barrister, FHEA
• Professor (Associate) at Middlesex University

The surge in big data and analytics has catalysed the proliferation of cybercrime, largely driven by organisations’ intensified focus on gathering and processing personal data for profit while often overlooking security considerations. Hadoop and its derivatives are prominent platforms for managing big data; however, investigating security incident...

Wireless medical networks are pivotal for chronic disease management, yet the sensitive Big Data they generate presents administration challenges and cyber vulnerability. This Big Data is valuable within both healthcare and legal contexts, serving as a resource for investigating medical malpractice, civil cases, criminal activities, and network-rel...

Wireless Medical Networks (WMNs) have always been a vital component for the treatment and management of chronic diseases. However, the data generated by these networks keeps growing and has become a potential target for criminals seeking to capitalise on its sensitivity and value. Wireless networks also happen to be more vulnerable to attacks compa...

The deployment of Internet of Things platforms as well as the use of mobile and wireless technologies to support healthcare environments have enormous potential to transform healthcare. This has also led to a desire to make eHealth and mHealth part of national healthcare systems. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the requirement to do this to r...

AimNew challenges are being faced by global healthcare systems such as an increase in the elderly population, budget cuts as well as the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. As pressures mount on healthcare systems to provide treatment to patients, mHealth is seen as one of the possible solutions to addressing these challenges. Given the sensitivity of healt...

The Internet of Things is driving impactful and significant changes in healthcare systems across the globe. The use of mobile and wireless technologies to support healthcare environments has enormous potential to transform healthcare. For example, healthcare data, which is considered to be very sensitive, must be securely accessed, processed and st...

Tackling Data Quality issues as part of Big Data can be challenging. For data cleansing activities, manual methods are not efficient due to the potentially very large amount of data.. This paper aims to qualitatively assess the possibilities for using machine learning in the process of detecting data incompleteness and inaccuracy, since these two d...

In the health industry, the use of data (including Big Data) is of growing importance. The term ‘Big Data’ characterizes data by its volume, and also by its velocity, variety, and veracity. Big Data needs to have effective data governance, which includes measures to manage and control the use of data and to enhance data quality, availability, and i...

In the health industry, the use of data (including Big Data) is of growing importance. The term ‘Big Data’ characterizes data by its volume, and also by its velocity, variety, and veracity. Big Data needs to have effective data governance, which includes measures to manage and control the use of data and to enhance data quality, availability, and i...

Big Data quality is a field which is emerging. Many authors nowadays agree that data quality is still very relevant, even for Big Data uses. However, there is a lack of frameworks or guidelines focusing on how to carry out big data quality initiatives. The starting point of any data quality work is to determine the properties of data quality, terme...

The widespread rises in chronic illnesses (e.g., diabetes and high blood pressure) have resulted in the need to find more efficient ways of managing patients with these conditions. One such way is by the use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies that can gather real-time data from patients and monitor them from a distance, removing the need to be...

It has been clearly shown that mHealth solutions, which is the use of mobile devices and other wireless technology to provide healthcare services, deliver more patient-focused healthcare, and improve the overall efficiency of healthcare systems. In addition, these solutions can potentially reduce the cost of providing healthcare in the context of t...

It has been clearly shown that mHealth solutions deliver more patient-focused healthcare and improve the overall efficiency of healthcare systems. In addition, these solutions can potentially reduce the cost of providing healthcare in the context of the increasing demands of the ageing populations in advanced economies. These solutions can also pla...

This paper carries out a study on enforcing trust as a means to improve user adoption of wearable technologies. These technologies can play an integral part in facilitating intelligent environments by collecting real-time data for input into networked controllers. The paper reviews wearable devices, their use and current concerns and challenges as...

The Law Commission in England and Wales has proposed a reform of the admissibility regime for expert evidence in criminal trials in England and Wales. The proposed reform builds on the US approach to admissibility of expert evidence, and establishes a multi-stage statutory test for admissibility to be applied by trial judges, aided by a set of guid...

This paper reviews some aspects of the proposed reform on the admissibility of the expert evidence in criminal trials. The review focuses on the impact such reform will have on several procedural aspects of the criminal trial such as the role of trial judge, burden of proof for evidential reliability, power of the court to disapply the reliability...

The European Commission (EC) continues to move towards transforming healthcare in Europe by making use of information and communication technologies (ICT) to improve the quality and access to healthcare for all European Union (EU) citizens. ICT is seen as the enabler of growth and development in the EU, by facilitating the interoperability of healt...

This chapter offers a brief introduction to the phenomenon of eHealth, and its increasing deployment to improve the quality of healthcare delivery. The chapter also gives an insight into the contents of the book by discussing the various issues raised in its 16 chapters that focus on legal, ethical and governance challenges. It concludes with a set...

This publication identifies and discusses important challenges affecting eHealth in the EU and North America in the three areas of law, ethics and governance. It makes meaningful contributions to the eHealth discourse by suggesting solutions and making recommendations for good practice and potential ways forward. Legal challenges discussed include...

This paper discusses novices' program construction tasks involving recursion, after being aided in forming mental models of the execution of recursive programs. Novices were exposed to a novel pedagogic approach using the EROSI tutor (a software visualisation tool, which aids novices in developing a 'copies' mental model of recursion, that experts...

Information science distinguishes between the semantic forms/intangibles of data, information and knowledge. Data (e.g. an attribute of a data record in a relational database) does not have any meaning by itself. Information is data brought into context (e.g. data related to its primary key), and knowledge is the collection of information for usefu...

The European Union (EU) directive on personal data and resulting data protection legislation of EU member states, require from data controllers, a notification of their activities to the appropriate supervisory authority. Included in this notification is also a description of the data or categories of data which are processed. Legislation in some E...

In recent years, various national medical databases have been set up in the EU from disparate local databases and file systems. Medical records contain personal data and are as such protected by EU and member states' legislation. Medical data, in addition to being personal data, is also defined in the EU legislation as being especially sensitive an...

The focus on the use of existing and new technologies to facilitate advances in medical imaging and medical informatics (MIMI) is often directed to the technical capabilities and possibilities that these technologies bring. The technologies, though, in acting as a mediating agent alter the dynamics and context of information delivery in subtle ways...

The utilization of information and communication technologies in almost all spheres of modern society has changed the social picture in significant ways while simultaneously leading to tensions with regard to traditional ethical and legal practices particularly given the global context of its application. Where these technologies impact on the prac...

The growth of the Internet over the last 10 years as a medium of information and as a communication technology has provided the opportunity for selling medical products and services online directly to the public. This chapter investigates online medical consultations used for the purpose of prescribing and hence selling prescription drugs via the I...

In this chapter, we take a look at the realistic future possibility of thought communication— brain to machine and brain to brain. Technical details are presented on experimentation carried out thus far using implant technology and the route ahead involving brain-computer interfaces is described. Some of the social issues raised by such a novel tec...

The focus on the use of existing and new technologies to facilitate advances in Medical Imaging and Medical Informatics (MIMI), is often directed to the technical capabilities and possibilities that these technologies bring. In addition to discussing new methodologies, techniques and applications, there is need for a discussion of ethical, legal an...

The celebration of the professional life and work of Professor Jacques Berleur is in some way also a celebration of the many advances that have been made in information and communication technologies (ICTs). These advances have resulted in what we commonly call the Information Society, due to the pervasive nature of ICT in our everyday lives. An im...

In the digital music market (and accompanying digital players), use of different digital rights management (DRM) systems, have effectively locked-in consumers to proprietary technologies of respective companies. Currently, no single DRM standard exists for digital music, therefore, music purchased from one competitor may not be compatible with anot...

Continuous developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) have resulted in an increasing use of these technologies in the practice of medicine and in the provision of medical care. This paper presents a series of perspectives from different areas of expertise on some of the ways in which ICT has changed the social picture in respe...

This paper investigates the growing phenomenon of selling drugs and medical services over the Internet via Internet Pharmacies. It discusses some of the benefits of Internet Pharmacies and some serious concerns that they bring for regulators, governments and global consumers. In addition, the paper compares regulatory frameworks governing the opera...

Information Systems (IS) fail with alarming regularity despite the many efforts by the Software Engineering community over the last 40 years to understand and to minimise failures. The impact of Information Systems failure results in financial losses but more importantly in loss of life. As modern society depends increasingly on Information and Com...

This paper first examines technical and legal issues surrounding Copyright Management Systems (CMS). It then examines the rationale for use of these systems and some accompanying criticisms. It argues that there are compelling economic reasons for controlling access to, and use of copyrighted material, especially in light of digital technology and...

Rapid developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) have resulted in the widespread use of the Internet as an important medium for commercial activity. Such activity commonly referred to as electronic commerce, or e-commerce has facilitated new business models in many different commercial endeavours including pharmaceutical and m...

Continuous developments in information and communication technologies (ICT) have resulted in an increasing use of these technologies in the practice of medicine and in the provision of medical care. This paper presents a series of perspectives from different areas of expertise on some of the ways in which ICT has changed the social picture in respe...

The growth of the Internet over the last 10 years as a medium of information and as a communication technology has, not unsurprisingly, provided a foundation for the growth of direct-to-the-public online sales. Amongst the many commercial activities that are now flourishing in this environment are Internet Pharmacies, providing a variety of product...

This paper focuses on factors affecting the use of Information and communication technologies within a primary health care environment. A case study was carried out to investigate opinions and views of Primary Health Care staff on the provision of electronic health in the UK. The study found that in addition to anticipated concerns such as cost, cl...

This paper focuses on factors affecting the use of Information and communication technologies within a primary health care environment. A case study was carried out to investigate opinions and views of Primary Health Care staff on the provision of electronic health in the UK. The study found that in addition to anticipated concerns such as cost, cl...

This paper discusses how novices exposed to an execution model of recursion (similar to an expert's mental model and visualised in the EROSI tutor) performed on the task of constructing an embedded recursive solution to a given problem specification. Empirical observations showed that after using the EROSI tutor, novices employed a variety of metho...

This paper examines the nature and scope of computer science education (CSE) research. We first distinguish CSE research from other forms of educational research, outlining its aims and identity as a research discipline. In examining the state of the art of CSE research, we attempt to categorise past research studies into general themes, reflecting...

This paper examines the nature and scope of computer science education (CSE) research. We first distinguish CSE research from other forms of educational research, outlining its aims and identity as a research discipline. In examining the state of the art of CSE research, we attempt to categorise past research studies into general themes, reflecting...

This paper examines the nature and scope of computer science education (CSE) research. We first distinguish CSE research from other forms of educational research, outlining its aims and identity as a research discipline. In examining the state of the art of CSE research, we attempt to categorise past research studies into general themes, reflecting...

Recursion is an important problem solving technique used in programming. It is also a highly unfamiliar mental activity and many computing novices have difficult understanding recursion and applying recursive techniques in problem solving. Research studies have concluded that novices and experts differ in their mental models of recursion. Novices s...

This paper introduces a novel software visualisation aid, the EROSI (Explicit Representer Of Subprogram Invocations) tutor, hypothesised to support the acquisition (by novice programmers) of a mental model to facilitate the comprehension and use of recursion as a problem solving technique. Novices found the EROSI tutor easy to use, interesting and...

The advent of Web 2.0 has enabled a host of new services and possibilities on the Internet. Among many new possibilities, users can easily upload online content that can be accessed, viewed and downloaded by other users around the globe. This has resulted in an explosive growth of User-Generated Content (UGC) which although creating exciting opport...

This paper first examines technical and legal issues surrounding Copyright Management Systems (CMS). It then examines the rationale for use of these systems and some accompanying criticisms. It argues that there are compelling economic reasons for controlling access to, and use of copyrighted material, especially in light of digital technology and...