Carlin Miller

University of Windsor · Department of Psychology

Risk-taking behaviors may manifest in multiple ways, including disregarding public health recommendations. In the context of a pandemic, ignoring those recommendations may have devastating consequences for individuals, households, communities, and the healthcare system. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a measure of C...

Mindfulness is typically understood as non-judgmental, focused attention on the present moment, although it may be conceptualized as a state, a trait, and an outcome of intervention. There is a limited understanding of the physiological effects of state and trait mindfulness, and it has been a challenge to the research community to measure these ef...

This study investigated the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure mind wandering during a computerized sustained attention task (SART; a simple, tedious go/no-go task meant to induce lapses in attention) and a video analog task (a 20-minute video lecture). Participants then completed a quiz about the video and filled out s...

The popularity of online research is increasing, but the validity of the results obtained is not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to examine some of the factors that influence the validity of computerized data collection in an undergraduate sample. Participants were 99 university students randomly assigned to one of three data collection co...

Manuscript in progress for journal submission arising from my MA thesis.

Mind wandering is a commonly experienced phenomenon. Although self-report measures are available to assess these attentional lapses, examination of their correspondence with the reported frequency of these episodes in daily life is warranted. Using ecological momentary assessments (EMAs), the present study aimed to validate 3 mind-wandering measure...

Mindfulness practices have become a common component of daily life in many settings and may serve to bolster resiliency, particularly among university students. This study expanded on our previous work to compare the effects of receiving or not receiving a brief daily mindfulness-based practice in large-scale university courses. Data were collected...

Behavioral approach system (BAS) dysfunction has been identified as a correlate of and a potential mechanism for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and comorbid disorders. This study examined the role of symptom covariation in the relations among BAS dysfunction, ADHD symptoms, and comorbid impulsive personality disorder features. Unde...

Mindfulness has received significant attention in the empirical literature during the past decade, but few studies have focused on mindfulness in university students and how it may influence problematic behaviours. This study examined the relationships among mindfulness, coping, and physiological reactivity in a sample of university students. Parti...

Mindfulness has been promoted as a way to increase resiliency during times of stress. Universities are reporting that record numbers of undergraduate students are seeking mental health services related to stress. This study assessed the feasibility of layering brief mindfulness-based practice within a large-scale university course. Data were collec...

Feigned attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is a significant issue in clinical settings, particularly regarding academic accommodations and access to controlled substances by university students. This article discusses the definitions, base rates, external incentives, psychometric detection strategies, and ethical implications...

Background Parents and teachers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at-risk for a range of suboptimal psychosocial outcomes, including mental health difficulties and heightened stress, problems perhaps ameliorated through mindfulness-based programming. Objective To show pilot data from an investigation of the outco...

Reading is typically considered a survival skill in our technology- and literacy-bound culture. Individuals who struggle with learning to read are at significantly elevated risk for a number of negative outcomes, including school failure, under- and unemployment, and special education placement. Thus, those who do not learn to read fluently will li...

Previously disparate lines of research have suggested differential contributions of pubertal timing and attention and impulse control problems in predicting functional outcomes in university-aged females. Female participants (N = 169; Mage = 20.19 ± 1.68) completed a series of measures targeting inattention and impulsivity, mental health history, r...

This study explored the factor structure of full-length and shortened versions of the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire in a Canadian sample. Confirmatory factor analyses suggested poor fit for the proposed two-factor model in both the original measure and a short form in this sample.

Objective: Mindfulness-based therapies (MBTs) have been shown to be efficacious in treating internally focused psychological disorders (e.g., depression); however, it is still unclear whether MBTs provide improved functioning and symptom relief for individuals with externalizing disorders, including ADHD. To clarify the literature on the effective...

Despite the multiple phenotypic presentations of impulsivity, the underlying factor structure of the construct has yet to be settled. The aim of this study, with two multimethod, multisource datasets, was to further explore the multifactorial nature of impulsivity and propose a measure-selection approach. Unlike previous studies that relied on a si...

A number of experts have described mindfulness as a naturally occurring quality in the human mind that is present to some degree in all people, even without training in mindfulness or meditation. This study examined whether trait mindfulness is associated with reduced stress response activation and enhanced self-regulatory activity with recurrent s...

Reward sensitivity has been implicated in various forms of psychopathology associated with poor impulse control, including ADHD (Gomez & Corr, 2010) and antisocial and borderline personality disorders (Ross, Keiser, Strong, & Webb, 2013). However, given significant overlap in these diagnostic constructs (Speranza et al., 2011), it is unclear whethe...

Delinquent behavior has consistently been shown to be related to adverse outcomes later in life, ranging from educational difficulties to mental health problems and even premature mortality. Although previous studies have found social, family, and personality factors all contribute to delinquency, the majority of these studies have focused on eithe...

Research with antisocial individuals suggests that callous-unemotional (CU) traits, a dimension of psychopathy, consistently predict severe antisocial behaviours and correlate with deficits in recognizing negative emotions, especially fearful facial expressions. However, the generalizability of these findings to non-antisocial populations remains u...

Objective: This exploratory study investigated how the timing of female pubertal maturation was associated with the symptoms of ADHD in a non-clinical female undergraduate sample (N = 253). Method: Participants (M age = 20.2 ± 1.7 years) completed a set of self-report rating scales examining pubertal onset and ADHD symptoms and related deficits....

This study sought to identify predictors of functional outcomes relevant to undergraduate university students: executive functioning and risk-taking behaviors. While ADHD symptoms were modestly predictive of outcomes in both of these domains, personality traits (i.e. conscientiousness, agreeableness, and sensation seeking) differentially predicted...

This study developed a model linking maternal and offspring antisocial behavior, with particular emphasis on whether this link is especially strong in teenage mother–child dyads. Data were taken from a longitudinal government dataset; structural equation modeling and invariance testing was used to test the hypotheses. Good model fit indicated that...

Behavior problems influence development at multiple stages over the lifespan. The present study explores the relations between maternal behavior prior to parenting and offspring behavior problems in childhood and adolescence using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data (N = 2,820 dyads with 50.0 % male offspring and 52.2 % of ethnic/racial mino...

The planum temporale is a highly lateralized cortical region, located within Wernicke's area, which is thought to be involved in auditory processing, phonological processing, and language. Research has linked abnormal morphology of the planum temporale to developmental dyslexia, although results have varied in large part due to methodological incon...

Temperament and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are both typically viewed as biologically based behavioural constructs. There is substantial overlap between ADHD symptoms and specific temperamental traits, such as effortful control, especially in young children. Recent work by Martel and colleagues (2009, 2011) suggests that cogniti...

Many preschoolers are highly inattentive, impulsive, and hyperactive; but only some are impaired in their functioning. Yet factors leading to functional impairment, above and beyond the severity of inattentive and hyperactive symptoms, have not been systematically examined. This study examined a model suggesting that after controlling for attention...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental syndrome originating in childhood, affecting 5–10% of young persons. Males are more commonly affected than females. Symptoms include developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. Individuals with ADHD exhibit significant levels of impairm...

To assess the late adolescent psychiatric outcomes associated with a positive Child Behavior Checklist-Juvenile Bipolar Disorder Phenotype (CBCL-JBD) in children diagnosed with ADHD and followed over a 9-year period. Parents of 152 children diagnosed as ADHD (ages 7-11 years) completed the CBCL. Ninety of these parents completed it again 9 years la...

Recent preclinical data have raised the possibility that prepubertal treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with stimulant medication might increase risk for later depression. The current longitudinal study investigated whether children with ADHD who were treated with stimulant medication displayed heightened levels of adolesc...

Accumulating evidence suggests that parents may react differentially to children based on their children's temperament, children's gender, and the interaction of these factors. Furthermore, parents' differential reactions to their children have direct implications for their children's social success. The present study assessed the moderating influe...

In an increasingly literate world, the inability to read is a significant disability that may affect academic success, employment, and self-concept. Because widespread literacy is a relatively recent historical development, it should not be surprising that it was only about 100 years ago that the first case of alexia or “word blindness” was describ...

This longitudinal study examines the recall accuracy of childhood ADHD symptoms in late adolescence and early adulthood by youth and their parents, compared with reports obtained during childhood. Participants (N = 94) are initially evaluated when they are aged between 7 and 11 and reassessed when they are aged between 16 and 22 years. All particip...

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at heightened risk for maltreatment and later substance use disorders (SUDs). We investigated the relationship of childhood maltreatment and other risk factors to SUDs among adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in childhood. Eighty adolescents diagnosed with ADHD when they were 7 to 11 ye...

Treatment with psychostimulant medication has been shown to improve scholastic functioning in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the extent to which long-term academic gains are apparent in those having received such treatment remains elusive. This study examined prospectively the relationship of childhood stimu...

Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience considerable functional impairment. However, the extent to which comorbid Axis II personality disorders contribute to their difficulties and whether such comorbidities are associated with the childhood condition or the persistence of ADHD into adulthood remain unclear. This stud...

To examine cognitive and psychosocial factors associated with high school dropout in urban adolescents with and without childhood ADHD. In a longitudinal study, 49 adolescents/young adults with childhood ADHD and 44 controls who either dropped out or graduated from high school are included. Risk factors examined as potential correlates of dropout w...

This study examined the self-reported expression of overt aggressive behaviors and covert emotional and cognitive processes in adolescents diagnosed with ADHD and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs) during childhood. Participants were a clinically referred sample of 85 individuals diagnosed with ADHD, initially recruited in the early to m...

Behaviors characteristic of ADHD are common among preschool children, and as such, their clinical significance is oftentimes difficult to ascertain. Thus a focus on impairment is essential in determining the clinical significance of these behaviors. In order to explore the impact of impairment criteria on rates of diagnoses in inattentive/hyperacti...

This study examined neuropsychological functioning in a longitudinal sample of adolescents/young adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls as a function of the persistence of ADHD. We hypothesized that measures of executive processes would parallel adolescent clinical status, with ADHD-persisters, but not remitters, d...

This study focused on the personality characteristics associated with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a longitudinal sample of youth, with a particular focus on differences between those with and without persisting ADHD symptoms. Participants with ADHD (n = 90) were initially evaluated when they were 7-11 years old, and re-assess...

The term learning disabilities (LD) describes a broad category of developmental disorders and refers to a deficit in learning in one or more domains, which can include reading, mathematics, and writing (1). Diagnosis is based on behavioral information and assumes adequate intelligence, intact sensory systems, and the absence of a handicapping condi...

Impulsive aggression in adulthood is associated with disturbances in serotonergic function. In contrast, research examining this association in childhood has yielded inconsistent results. The current study examined the prospective relationship between serotonergic function measured in childhood and the later emergence of antisocial personality diso...

This study examined whether high levels of television viewing are associated with attention problems and hyperactivity in preschool children. Parent and teacher ratings of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, objectively measured activity level, and parental estimation of early television exposure were collected for a sample of preschool chi...

The double-deficit hypothesis of dyslexia posits that reading deficits are more severe in individuals with weaknesses in phonological awareness and rapid naming than in individuals with deficits in only one of these reading composite skills. In this study, the hypothesis was tested in an adult sample as a model of reading achievement. Participants...

To explore the relationships of family and cognitive factors to aggression as reported by parents and teachers. Data regarding different types of aggressive behavior were collected from parents and teachers of 165 school-age (7-11 years old) children referred to a study of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and disruptive behavior. Structural...

Social comprehension involves empathy for others' experiences and appropriate responses to nonverbal cues. Previous research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has suggested a relationship between brain morphology and psychiatric syndromes, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), that typically entail social difficulties. The r...

Objective: To describe the long-term social-emotional and adaptive functioning of a small sample of children and adolescents with repaired arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Participants: Five children (11-15 years of age) with AVMs in the cerebellum and frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes. Main Outcome Measures: Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale...

Social comprehension involves empathy for others' experiences and appropriate responses to nonverbal cues. Previous research using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has suggested a relationship between brain morphology and psychiatric syndromes, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), that typically entail social difficulties. The r...

Premorbid intellectual function estimation is a crucial part of patient evaluation following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially in individuals with ADHD who are at higher risk for TBI compared to their non-ADHD peers. This study investigates the value of using regression-based estimates of intelligence for concurrently predicting measured i...

The risk for internalizing disorders in children with learning disabilities is frequently debated in the research community and empirical responses are equivocal. For educators and clinicians, the frequent assumption is that children with dyslexia also have at least subtle emotional problems. In this study, school-age children with reading problems...

Developmental Gerstmann's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder infrequently described in the literature. The limited literature might result from controversy surrounding developmental Gerstmann's syndrome as a "true syndrome." Developmental Gerstmann's syndrome requires a tetrad of symptoms: left-right confusion, finger agnosia, dyscalculia, a...