Carl Maida

• Ph.D.
• Researcher at University of California, Los Angeles

Objectives Surveys can assist in screening oral diseases in populations to enhance the early detection of disease and intervention strategies for children in need. This paper aims to develop short forms of child-report and proxy-report survey screening instruments for active dental caries and urgent treatment needs in school-age children. Methods...

Background This scoping review reports on studies that collect survey data using quantitative research to measure self-reported oral health status outcome measures. The objective of this review is to categorize measures used to evaluate self-reported oral health status and oral health quality of life used in surveys of general populations. Methods...

This study reports the results of focus groups with school nurses and teachers from elementary, middle, and high schools to explore their perceptions of child and adolescent oral health. Participants included 14 school nurses and 15 teachers (83% female; 31% Hispanic; 21% White; 21% Asian; 14% African American; and 13% Others). Respondents were rec...

This study reports results of focus groups with school nurses and teachers from elementary, middle, and high schools to explore their perceptions of child and adolescent oral health. Participants included 14 school nurses and 15 teachers (83% Female; 31% Hispanic, 21% White, 21% Asian, 14% African American, and 13% Others). Respondents were recruit...

Background The era of modern information technology enables multiple methods and modes of collecting self-reported oral health information. The scope of the use of these various modalities has not been well classified or summarized, therefore it is necessary to study the degree to which various technologies were used to collect oral health outcomes...

Background: Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood infectious disease and is a serious public health problem affecting both developing and industrialized countries, yet it is preventable in most cases. This study evaluated the potential of screening for dental caries among children using a machine learning algorithm applied to parent p...

Objectives: To develop computerized adaptive testing (CAT) and short forms of self-report oral health measures that are predictive of both the children's oral health status index (COHSI) and the children's oral health referral recommendation (COHRR) scales, for children and adolescents, ages 8-17. Material and methods: Using final item calibrati...

Objectives Evaluating children’s oral health status and treatment needs is challenging. We aim to build oral health assessment toolkits to predict Children’s Oral Health Status Index (COHSI) score and referral for treatment needs (RFTN) of oral health. Parent and Child toolkits consist of short-form survey items (12 for children and 8 for parents)...

Objectives: To develop child- and parent-reported toolkits for active caries and caries experience in children and adolescents, ages 8-17. Methods: A sample of 398 child/parent dyads recruited from 12 dental practices in Los Angeles County completed a computer-assisted survey that assessed oral health perceptions. In addition, children received...

Background Parents play an important role in their children's oral health behaviors, provide oral health access, initiate prevention, and coping strategies for health care. Aim This paper develops a short form (SF) to assist parents to evaluate their children's oral health status using Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMI...

Purpose: Children and adolescents are vulnerable to dental problems and oral diseases. This paper presents the development of two multi-item self-report scales for use in assessing oral health status of children and adolescents. Methods: Following the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System framework, survey questions were design...

Objective: To examine child and parent reports about the child's oral health and assess the associations of these reports with clinical assessments of oral health status by dental examiners. Methods: Surveys with 139 items for children and 133 items for parents were administered by Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview Software. In addition, th...

Background Parents’ perceptions of their 8–17-year-old children’s oral health status were assessed using a sample from diverse dental clinics in Greater Los Angeles County to identify constructs for a survey instrument. Methods Focus groups with 29 parents or guardians were conducted to identify themes that informed development of survey items. Th...

Background Oral health is an important component of daily functioning and well-being. A comprehensive patient-reported oral health measure is needed to gauge the impact of oral health status on children and adolescents. This study aims to develop oral health item banks and associated short-form surveys for children and adolescents 2–17 year olds. M...

This is Part Two of a set of articles related to how communities of practice inform global sustainability; a more extensive introductory essay (Maida and Beck 2016) is included in the first of this two-part special issue. The community of practice is an organisational form, which since the late twentieth century, has accelerated with advances in in...

The community of practice is an organisational form that complements the current knowledge economy, which since the late twentieth century has accelerated with advances in information production and dissemination (Wenger 2000). Communities of practice ensure greater engagement for sustainability by the public as local and global actors. A paradigm...

To elicit perceptions of oral health in children and adolescents as an initial step in the development of oral health item banks for the Patient-Reported Oral Health Outcomes Measurement Information System project. We conducted focus groups with ethnically, socioeconomically, and geographically diverse youth (8-12, 13-17 years) to identify percepti...

We are currently in the midst of the most aggressive and fulminating outbreak of Ebola-related disease, commonly referred to as ¿Ebola¿, ever recorded. In less than a year, the Ebola virus (EBOV, Zaire ebolavirus species) has infected over 10,000 people, indiscriminately of gender or age, with a fatality rate of about 50%. Whereas at its onset this...

Unlabelled: Dengue, a leading cause of illness and death in the tropics and subtropics since the 1950׳s, is fast spreading in the Western hemisphere. Over 30% of the world׳s population is at risk for the mosquitoes that transmit any one of four related Dengue viruses (DENV). Infection induces lifetime protection to a particular serotype, but succe...

Objective: To gain better understanding of parents’/childcare providers’ (CCPs) knowledge/attitudes about preschoolers’ oral health, barriers to accessing dental care, and attitudes about CCPs role in promoting preschoolers’ oral health to support development of an oral health curriculum for CCPs and improved oral health care delivery. Method: 14...

As collaborative peer networks based upon a shared area of inquiry, communities of practice are voluntary and focused both on learning and on building capacity. They are engaged in sharing knowledge, developing expertise, and solving problems. Communities of practice break down communication barriers through continuous exchange of data, information...

Objectives: To identify characteristics of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) as these relate to their access to preventive medical and dental care. Methods: Data was analyzed for a population-based sample representing 49 million US children age 6-17 from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health. The independent variable was sev...

Objectives: Examine if perceived periodontal oral health status (POHS) can be a predictor of clinically determined periodontal health. Methods: This cross-sectional study looks at three sets of perceived periodontal health questions from NHANES 2009-2010 compared to clinically determined periodontal oral health. These data of 3710 subjects repres...

Background: The authors conducted a study to examine the influence of social support on dental visits among an adult population. Methods: Using 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, the authors analyzed information pertaining to adults 40 years and older (N = 2,598) (with the exclusion of edentulous people), who repres...

This case study describes the process and outcomes of the Northwest Center for Public Health Practice Child and Family Disaster Research Training (UWDRT) Program housed at the University of Washington, which used web-based distance learning technology. The purposes of this program were to provide training and to establish a regional cadre of resear...

Background: The prevalence of periodontal diseases is high, and >15% of adults have severe gum disease. Clinical attachment loss (AL) is one of the most important measures for periodontal disease severity. With AL, one could measure the worst scenario, the average, or the cumulative sum of AL among all teeth. The objective of this study is to eval...

Although early-onset, repeated trauma is relatively common in socially marginalized populations and related to numerous negative outcomes, most empirically validated interventions are not especially well tailored to meet the complex and individualized needs of child and adolescent trauma survivors in such contexts. Integrative treatment of complex...

Background According to the United States census, there are 28 categories that define “Hispanic/Latinos.” This paper compares differences in oral health status between Mexican immigrants and other Latino immigrant groups. Methods Derived from a community-based sample (N = 240) in Los Angeles, this cross-sectional study uses an interview covering d...

Purpose To examine the relationship between social and financial support, behavioral and sociodemographic variables, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a national probability sample. Methods The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004 data system was used; there were 12,761 persons selected for the sampl...

Although early-onset, repeated trauma is relatively common in socially marginalized populations and related to numerous negative outcomes, most empirically validated interventions are not especially well tailored to meet the complex and individualized needs of child and adolescent trauma survivors in such contexts. Integrative treatment of complex...

John Dewey's notion of the school as a 'social laboratory' influenced educational policy a century ago when the United States underwent a 'great transformation' in its educational history toward mass schooling, resulting partly from the 'high school movement', where the focus was on 'schooling for life'. Project-based learning, which builds on Dewe...

Objective: To create and evaluate the predictive power of fifteen different measures of loss of attachment (LOA) regarding clinically determined periodontal needs. Methods: Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2002) was for analysis. The clinical norm used to evaluate the different LOA measures is the clinical determined...

Objective: Examine the relationship between perceived oral health status rating the condition of one's teeth, with clinically determined presence of oral lesions, controlled by socio-demographic characteristics, personal behaviors, and history of cancer. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) from 1988-1994 provi...

Self-report of oral health is an inexpensive approach to assessing an individual's oral health status, but it is heavily influenced by personal views and usually differs from that of clinically determined oral health status. To assist researchers and clinicians in estimating oral health self-report, we summarize clinically determined oral health me...

Research synthesis seeks to gather, examine and evaluate systematically research reports that converge toward answering a carefully crafted research question, which states the problem patient population, the intervention under consideration, and the clinical outcome of interest. The product of the process of systematically reviewing the research li...

Research synthesis seeks to gather, examine and evaluate systematically research reports that converge toward answering a carefully crafted research question, which states the problem patient population, the intervention under consideration, and the clinical outcome of interest. The product of the process of systematically reviewing the research li...

A substantial number of children and families experience emotional difficulties in the aftermath of disasters and terrorist events. Only recently has training in disaster preparedness and response been systematically incorporated into the curricula of mental health disciplines. The goal of the Child & Family Disaster Research Training & Education P...

Disaster mental health is a burgeoning field with numerous opportunities for professional involvement in preparedness, response, and recovery efforts. Research is essential to advance professional understanding of risk and protective factors associated with disaster outcomes; to develop an evidence base for acute, intermediate, and long-term mental...

This paper explores the role of 'public anthropology' in the dialogue between practitioners of professional and lay knowledge about urban quality of life. The focus is on community building in Pacoima, a working-class Latino community in Los Angeles, and explores how professionals and residents established an arena and moved towards common ground o...

This study examined the convergent and discriminant validity of two trauma symptom measures, the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) [Briere, J. (1996). Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources] and the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Young Children (TSCYC) [Briere, J. (2005). Trauma Symptom...

This paper examines how concerns about school reform, environmental quality, and experiential learning have converged in Pacoima, California, an older community of 98,000 persons in the northeast San Fernando Valley. The area's environmentally compromised landscape has inspired a grassroots urban ecology movement, named Pacoima Beautiful, promoting...

The concept of sustainability holds that the social, economic, and environmental factors within human communities must be viewed interactively and systematically. Sustainable development cannot be understood apart from a community, its ethos, and ways of life. Although broadly conceived, the pursuit of sustainable development is a local practice be...

The aim of this study was to compare the oral health status of migrants to Japan with that of Japanese using the questionnaire and the Oral Health Status Index (OHSI). The questionnaire for collecting demographic and behavioral variables and the OHSI were applied in a mixed migrant/Japanese sample of patients from a dental clinic in Yokohama. A sam...

The HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS) was conducted by a consortium of private and government institutions centered at the RAND Corp. to provide national estimates of adult medical patients who are HIV-positive. This article presents descriptive oral health findings from that study. The National Opinion Research Center (NORC) conducte...

Out-of-pocket costs for U.S. dental care in 1996 were dollar 157 per person at the poverty level and dollar 229 for people with higher incomes. This article examines out-of-pocket expenditures for dental care in HIV-infected patients who took part in the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS), conducted by a consortium of private and gover...

Californians face significant dental public health problems. To address these problems, state government, professional organizations, and philanthropic entities in some areas have joined forces. Major issues such as fluoridation, access to care, and the role of the Dental Board of California are examined in terms of the varying roles these critical...

The HIV epidemic has resulted in a renewed interest by social scientists in stigmatization and in a corresponding need to reconceptualize stigma, especially its relationship to power. While the professions have some power to control stigma, the emergence of self-help and mutual aid groups such as those founded by the gay activists involved in the A...

Californians face significant dental public health problems. To address these problems, state government, professional organizations, and philanthropic entities in some areas have joined forces. Major issues such as fluoridation, access to care, and the role of the Dental Board of California are examined in terms of the varying roles these critical...

Several types of HIV-related oral mucosal conditions have been reported to occur during the course of HIV disease progression. Of these, few may be manifested as 'white' lesions and many are noticeable to the patient. This paper examines the relationships between social, behavioral and medical aspects of HIV infection and reporting an occurrence of...

This longitudinal study examines perceived unmet dental need in a nationally representative probability sample of HIV-infected persons in medical care. A logistic regression analysis modeled the relationship between unmet need and explanatory variables. We estimate that 40% of HIV/AIDS patients report an unmet need associated with being male, being...

Dental schools face challenges and competing needs when they seek to initiate or expand their community dental programs. This article uses a dental school community clinic as a case study to frame the tensions between competing needs of educational requirements, access to dental care, financial viability, and service to the community that clinics m...

To examine the trade-offs inherent in selecting a sample design for a national study of care for an uncommon disease, and the adaptations, opportunities and costs associated with the choice of national probability sampling in a study of HIV/AIDS. A consortium of public and private funders, research organizations, community advocates, and local prov...

A major fire occurred in the Baldwin Hills community of Los Angeles that resulted in the destruction of 50 homes. The life of this Black middle class community was seriously disrupted by this fire. Twenty-five victims of the fire were interviewed using a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule/Disaster Supplement and the Impact of Eve...

This paper reviews the current knowledge concerning treatment compliance in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Adult hemodialysis patient noncompliance with the treatment regimen is very common. Objective and subjective measures of compliance, however, are often weakly correlated. In addition, the patients may be compliant with some aspe...

This paper analyzes social learning processes in mutual support groups that were developed to facilitate clients' understanding of cardiovascular diseases and their responsibilities for health maintenance. It is based upon a 3-year study of supportive health care in a community of low-income Black and Latino families in south-central Los Angeles, C...

This chapter reviews the literature on social networks in the alcohol field. The review focuses on the dynamics of the social-network system and network analysis. Stressors to recently urbanized persons are also examined in a discussion of social adaptation, social identity, and networks. The findings of several studies that are summarized indicate...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 269-276). Photocopy of typescript.