Caio Victor Sousa

Caio Victor Sousa
Loyola Marymount University | LMU · Department of Health and Human Sciences

PhD

About

152
Publications
66,819
Reads
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1,628
Citations
Additional affiliations
January 2020 - December 2023
Northeastern University
Position
  • Part-time Instructor
September 2019 - June 2022
Northeastern University
Position
  • PostDoc Position
Education
September 2018 - September 2019
University of Miami
Field of study
  • Exercise Science
February 2016 - August 2019
Universidade Católica de Brasília
Field of study
  • Physical Education
February 2014 - February 2016
Universidade Católica de Brasília
Field of study
  • Physical Education

Publications

Publications (152)
Article
Full-text available
Emergent evidence suggests that the long-term healthy life- style of master athletes may attenuate aging. We compared telomere length (TL) of high-level master sprinters and non- athlete age-matched controls, and analyzed the relationships of TL with performance and body fat. Elite master sprinters (n = 11; aged 50.1 ± 9.2yrs) and healthy untrained...
Article
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The sub-2-hour marathon is a new barrier in endurance running performance, and it has been widely debated in the scientific community. In this review we present a mathematical model to estimate the possible year when a male could break through the sub-2-hour barrier, and also an estimation of when a female could break Paula Radcliffe’s marathon run...
Article
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The concept of anaerobic threshold (AT) was introduced during the nineteen sixties. Since then, several methods to identify the AT have been studied and suggested as novel ‘thresholds’ based upon the variable used for its detection (i.e. lactate threshold, ventilatory threshold, glucose threshold and so on..). These different techniques have brough...
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Introduction: Resistance training is considered a non-pharmacological treatment for several comor-bidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and other non-communicable diseases that accompany it. Objectives: Investigate the effects of short-term resistance training (RT) in patients with T2D on markers of fasting glycaemia, oxidative stress,...
Preprint
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This descriptive study aimed to identify sub-elite athletes using a performance-based mathematical model and analyze their performance trends by age and sex using 20 years of Ironman® triathlon (IM) performance data. It includes data from athletes who competed in IM from 2002 to 2022. A sub-elite category of athletes was identified within the age g...
Article
Evidence indicates that master athletes have higher concentration of Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), lower body fat (BF), and greater activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in comparison to untrained peers. However, no published data have demonstrated possible mediation effect of Sirt1 in the interaction of BF and testosterone in this population. T...
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Background The present study aimed to provide age- and sex-specific normative values for muscle mass parameters in Brazilian adults. Methods Data pertaining to Brazilian adults (18+ years) who attended a nutritional clinical between January 2018 and July 2022 were analyzed. Muscle mass parameters were assessed using a bioimpedance digital scale (I...
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Reis, AL, Deus, LA, Neves, RVP, Corrêa, HL Reis, TL, Aguiar, LS Honorato, FS, Barbosa, JMS, Araújo, TB, Palmeira, TRC, Simões, HG, Prestes, J, Sousa, CV, Ide, BN, and Rosa, TdS. Exercise-induced transient oxidative stress is mitigated in Down syndrome: insights about redox balance and muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—This s...
Article
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PurposeWe aimed to examine the effects of acute caffeine ingestion on muscular strength, muscular endurance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and pain perception (PP) during strength exercise to failure.Methods Thirteen subjects (6 males, 7 females, 21.30 ± 0.71 years) participated in this randomized, double-blind, controlled experimental study....
Article
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (T), estradiol (ES), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in master sprint (MS) and master endurance (ME) athletes. Additionally, the possible associations between these hormones, body compositi...
Article
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Knowing which discipline contributes most to a triathlon performance is important to plan race pacing properly. To date, we know that the running split is the most decisive discipline in the Olympic distance triathlon, and the cycling split is the most important discipline in the full-distance Ironman® triathlon. However, we have no knowledge of th...
Article
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Participation and performance trends of male and female athletes have been thoroughly analyzed in various endurance sports. Knowing these trends can help coaches and athletes prepare for competitions and may influence their training strategy and career planning. However, duathlon events—consisted of two splits of running (Run1 and Run2) intersperse...
Preprint
Full-text available
Purpose We aimed to examine the effects of acute caffeine ingestion on muscular strength, muscular endurance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and pain perception (PP) during strength exercise to failure. Methods Thirteen subjects (6 males, 7 females, 21.30 ± 0.71 years) participated in this randomized, double-blind, controlled experimental stud...
Article
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Objective Intervention research using digital games to promote physical activity has proliferated. Yet few studies have attempted to systematically catalog features that characterize this research. To address this gap, we undertook a systematic review and content analysis of active video game interventions, examining only published longitudinal int...
Article
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 12-week moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) vs. high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, physical fitness, and psychological valence in overweight/obese (OW/OB) female adolescents. Patients and methods: Thirty-eight OW/OB female students were randomized in...
Article
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Research has supported the effectiveness of narratives for promoting health behavior, but different narrative presentation formats (serial vs. episodic) have seldom been compared. Suspense theories suggest that serial narratives, which do not provide a full resolution at the end of an episode, may create higher motivation for continued engagement w...
Article
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Abstract Objective To conduct a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of AVG interventions on postural balance across all ages in populations with and without neurological impairments, using all types of platforms. Data Source Six databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Sport Discus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) wer...
Article
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Despite the increasing scientific interest in the relationship between pacing and performance in endurance sports, little information is available about pacing and pacing variation in ultra-endurance events such as ultra-triathlons. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the trends of pacing, pacing variation, the influence of age, sex, and performance...
Article
This study aimed to investigate the trends of finishers in the São Silvestre race in Brazil, taking into account sex, age, and performance levels. A total of 31 775 runners (women, n = 13 847; men, n = 17 928), aged (45.2 ± 16.8) years, finishers in the São Silvestre race between 2007 and 2021, were considered in the present analysis. Data (event y...
Article
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Our purpose was to find the fastest race courses for elite Ironman ® 70.3 athletes, using machine learning (ML) algorithms. We collected the data of all professional triathletes competing between 2004 and 2020 in Ironman 70.3 races held worldwide. A sample of 16,611 professional athletes originating from 97 different countries and competing in 163...
Preprint
BACKGROUND Ultra-marathon running is the most popular ultra-endurance competition in terms of the number of races and runners competing annually worldwide; however, no study has compared pacing and performance over a long period. OBJECTIVE The present study analyzed the pacing of successful finishers and non-finishers in multi-stage ultra-marathon...
Article
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Background Ultramarathon running is the most popular ultraendurance competition in terms of the number of races and runners competing annually worldwide; however, no study has compared pacing and performance over a long period. Objective This study analyzes the pacing of successful finishers and nonfinishers in multistage ultramarathons worldwide....
Article
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Unlabelled: Narratives are pervasive in video games and have been found to increase physical activity in active video games. However, the effect of incorporating narrative elements has seldom been examined in fully immersive virtual reality games. We investigated the effect of narrative element incorporation (between-subject: narrative vs. no narr...
Article
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Background and Objectives. Few studies have evaluated differences in muscle architecture in quadriceps femoris constituents with sensor electrodes positioned over vastus lateralis (VL) and vastus medialis (VM) motor points during a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) session. We aimed to investigate the changes in muscle architecture of the...
Article
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Background: Research on digital games designed to increase physical activity (PA), also known as exergames or active video games (AVGs), has proliferated over the past 2 decades. As a result, reviews of literature in this field can become outdated, revealing the need for updated high-quality reviews that identify overarching insights. Furthermore,...
Preprint
BACKGROUND Research on digital games designed to increase physical activity (PA), also known as exergames or active video games (AVGs), has proliferated over the past 2 decades. As a result, reviews of literature in this field can become outdated, revealing the need for updated, high-quality reviews that identify overarching insights. Furthermore,...
Article
Full-text available
Background eHealth interventions using active video games (AVGs) offer an alternative method to help children exercise, especially during a pandemic where options are limited. There is limited data on costs associated with developing and implementing such interventions. Objectives We quantified the costs of delivering an eHealth RCT intervention a...
Article
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Introduction Faced with lockdowns, it was mandatory the development of supervised home-based RT protocols to keep patients with chronic kidney disease engaged in programs. Nonetheless, there is a lack of scientific literature regarding its effects on patients. Purpose To investigate the effects of a supervised home-based progressive resistance tra...
Article
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A plethora of factors determine elite cycling performance. Those include training characteristics, pacing strategy, aerodynamics, nutritional habits, psychological traits, physical fitness level, body mass composition, and contextual features; even the slightest changes in any of these factors can be associated with performance improvement or deter...
Article
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Objective: Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver disease caused by a dysfunctional immune system. It is widely believed that autoimmune hepatitis accumulates in families. We found that autoimmune hepatitis does accumulate in monozygotic twins. Case report: We present middle-aged monozygotic female twins developing autoimmune hepatitis consecut...
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Der Patient in unserem Fallbericht stellte sich erstmals 2004 aufgrund belastungsabhängiger Muskelschmerzen bei seinem Hausarzt vor. Es folgten über die Jahre viele Untersuchungen und diagnostische Irrwege bis die tatsächliche Ursache dank der Beharrlichkeit des Patienten und seines Hausarztes gefunden wurde
Article
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Objective: The knowledge of the most predictive split discipline and the pacing during a triathlon race is of utmost importance for planning an ultra-triathlon race. This study aimed at investigating the pacing during cycling and running splits in three different multi-stage ultra-triathlon race formats (i.e., Quintuple, Deca, and Double Deca Iron...
Article
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Zusammenfassung. Wir berichten über eine 57-jährige Patientin mit einer distalen extraartikulären Radiusfraktur. Die Vermutung des Hausarztes war eine Osteoporose-assoziierte Fraktur, und eine interdisziplinäre Abklärung wurde in die Wege geleitet. Neben einer DXA-Messung wurden Differenzialdiagnosen für eine sekundäre Osteoporose in Betracht gezog...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background: Despite the increasing scientific interest in the relationship between pacing and performance in endurance sports, little information is available about pacing and pacing variation in ultra-endurance events such as ultra-triathlons. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the trends of pacing, pacing variation, the influence of age, sex, and...
Article
Full-text available
Objectives The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant obstacles for clinical trials and human subject research. This paper discusses the challenges our study team encountered while implementing an eHealth intervention during the pandemic, including: increased dropout, cancellation and rescheduling rates, increased mailing returns and delays, soc...
Article
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Background This study sought to determine cut-off values for each triathlon discipline to achieve podium in Junior (short distance; 750m swim, 20km cycle and 5km run) and U23 (standard/Olympic distance; 1.5 km swim, 40 km cycle and 10 km run) triathlon events. Additionally, we aimed to investigate which discipline has the largest relationship with...
Article
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Background: Hemodialysis patients are suffering from depressive symptoms. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels are negatively associated with depressive symptoms and decrease during a single hemodialysis session. Resistance training (RT) might be an additional non-pharmacological tool to increase BDNF and promote mental health. Methods...
Article
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Background Sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been associated with negative outcomes in older people, including inflammatory profile and anemia biomarkers.AimsTo investigate the effects of pre-dialysis resistance training (RT) on sarcopenia, inflammatory profile, and anemia biomarkers in older patients with CKD.MethodsA total of 107 p...
Article
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Purpose The aims of this study were to propose an alternative method to assess an optimal performance improvement rate (PIR) that would be used as a tool for coaches and elite athletes willing to reach their personal best, mainly those seeking for national, continental or even world record (WR) in middle-distance events. We further compared the imp...
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Background and objective: Existing research shows that the sex differences in distance- limited ultra-cycling races decreased with both increasing race distance and increasing age. It is unknown, however, whether the sex differences in time-limited ultra-cycling races will equally decrease with increasing race distance and age. This study aimed to...
Article
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Background: The incorporation of narratives helps to enhance children's engagement in active video games (AVGs), thus increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Specific narrative elements, such as the visual representation of the characters' body shape, have been rarely manipulated to explore their role in modulating children's narr...
Article
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Ice swimming following the rules of IISA (International Ice Swimming Association) is a recent sports discipline starting in 2009. Since then, hundreds of athletes have completed an Ice Mile or an Ice Km in water colder than 5 °C. This study aimed to expand our knowledge about swimmers completing an Ice Mile or an Ice Km regarding the influence of a...
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The aspect of participation and performance trends in marathon running has been investigated mainly in marathons held in the United States of America (e.g., “New York City Marathon,” “Boston Marathon”), but not for the fastest course in the world, the “Berlin Marathon” held in Berlin, Germany. This study aimed to examine trends in participation and...
Article
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(1) Background: Recent studies analyzed the participation and performance trends of historic races such as the oldest ultra-marathon (Comrades) or the oldest 100-km ultra-marathon (Biel). One of the toughest and historic ultra-marathons in the world is the Spartathlon (246 km ultra-marathon from Athens to Sparta) and the present study aimed to anal...
Article
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Background: Active video games are a new method for increasing physical activity (PA). Fully immersive virtual reality (VR) is a hardware device on which an active video game (AVG) can run. Active (video games (VGs) in) VR, or AVR, might increase immersion, game engagement, and MVPA, thereby yielding greater exercise-related benefits, e.g., cogniti...
Article
Background Aging is often associated with low-grade systemic inflammation and reduced anabolic hormone levels. To investigate whether lifelong exercise training can decrease the age-related low-grade inflammation and anabolic hormone levels, we examined hormonal and inflammatory parameters among highly-trained male masters athletes and age-matched...
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Aim: This study investigated the influence of weather conditions on running performance in female and male age group runners in the largest marathon in the world, the “New York City Marathon.” Methods: The analysis included data from 1,280,557 finishers the “New York City Marathon” from the years 1970 to 2019. Linear mixed models for men and women...
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Objective: To analyze the proportion of dedication in each triathlon discipline (swimming, cycling, and running) and the importance of each separate discipline to predict overall performance of elite triathletes across different triathlon distances. Methods: Data from 2015 to 2020 (n = 16,667) from official races and athletes in Sprint, Olympic dis...
Article
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Background The Pilates method has become a popular exercise modality. However, there is little information on the energy expenditure (EE) and aerobic metabolism involved in a Pilates session. This study aimed to compare the EE of three different types of Pilates sessions.Methods Thirty-three sedentary women (22.03 ± 3.32 years old) performed three...
Article
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Background Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) of children could indicate the potential of an exercise therapy to treat or prevent obesity. However, EPOC as a result of playing active video games (AVG) has been poorly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the rapid component of EPOC of children with healthy weight and overweig...
Article
New findings: What is the central question of this study? Resistance training with and without blood flow-restriction can improve redox balance and positively impact the autonomic cardiac modulation in chronic kidney disease patients? What is the main finding and its importance? Resistance training with and without blood flow-restriction improved...
Article
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This study aimed to analyze the number of successful finishers and the performance of the athletes in the 100-km ultra-marathons worldwide. A total of 2,067 100-km ultra-marathon races with 369,969 men and 69,668 women competing between 1960 and 2019 were analyzed, including the number of successful finishers, age, sex, and running speed. The data...
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The present research investigated pacing for world-class age group swimmers competing in individual medley in 200 m and 400 m. Data on 3,242 unique finishers (1,475 women and 1,767 men) competing in four Master World Championships [XV FINA WMC held in Montreal (Canada) in 2014, the XVI FINA WMC held in Kazan (RUS) in 2015, the FINA WMC held in Buda...
Article
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Cutoff points and performance-related tools are needed for the development of the Olympic distance triathlon. The purposes of the present study were (i) to determine cutoff values to reach the top three positions in an Olympic distance triathlon; (ii) to identify which discipline present the highest influence on overall race performance and if it h...
Article
Aging is associated with increased oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and decreased telomere length (TL). However, the lifestyle of master athletes can lead to a reduced risk of these conditions, and thus attenuates aging and performance deterioration. We aimed to analyze the relationships between TL and relative performance (RP), and their re...
Article
Background Pilates is a form of exercise commonly used in rehabilitation settings that improves muscular fitness and flexibility. However, it is unknown whether the energy expenditure (EE) from Pilates sessions could also lead to the intensity suggested by health organizations to improve physical fitness. This study aimed to quantify and compare th...
Article
Full-text available
Cold water swimming (winter or ice swimming) has a long tradition in northern countries. Until a few years ago, ice swimming was practiced by very few extreme athletes. For some years now, ice swimming has been held as competitions in ice-cold water (colder than 5 °C). The aim of this overview is to present the current status of benefits and risks...
Article
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was 1) to assess whether master athletes have longer telomeres than age-matched non-athletes and 2) discuss possible underlying mechanisms underlying telomere length preservation in master athletes. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus up to August 20...
Article
Full-text available
Cold water swimming (winter or ice swimming) has a long tradition in northern countries. Until a few years ago, ice swimming was practiced by very few extreme athletes. For some years now, ice swimming has been held as competitions in ice-cold water (colder than 5 °C). The aim of this overview is to present the current status of benefits and risks...
Article
Full-text available
A positive affective experience, making exercise more pleasurable, less stressful, achieving greater satisfaction and intrinsic motivation experience through resistance training may be accomplished by performing self-selected exercises. These exercises can also lead to other health-related and performance outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to analyze...
Article
Participation and performance trends have been analyzed for different ultramarathons for limited time periods. This study examined trends in participation and performance in the oldest ultramarathon in the world, the ‘Comrades Marathon’ (South Africa), during a century (1921-2019). Data from www.ultra-marathon.org on 100,000 unique finishers were a...
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In recent years, there has been an increasing number of investigations analyzing the effects of sex, performance level, and age on pacing in various running disciplines. However, little is known about the impact of those factors on pacing strategies in ultramarathon trail running. This study investigated the effects of age, sex, and performance lev...
Article
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Purpose To investigate the slope of age-related performance decrease of male master athletes competing the 100 m, 400 m, and 10,000 m running events. Methods Sample was composed by official data from World Masters Rankings for years 2013–2016. Age and performance data were collected from 2937 athletes between 30 and 105 years. Performance was plot...
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In recent decades the participation in Paralympic sports has grown exponentially, with an increasing number of countries and athletes attending to these events. However, despite the tremendous growth, only a few studies involving the performance of Paralympic athletes have been published to date. We aimed to investigate and compare the performance...