Cadegiani Flávio

Corpometria Institute

Background We have previously demonstrated that ivermectin used as prophylaxis for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), irrespective of the regularity, in a strictly controlled citywide program in Southern Brazil (Itajaí, Brazil), was associated with reductions in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates. In this study, our objectiv...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mRNA vaccine-induced myocarditis is a rare but well-documented complication in young males. The increased incidence of sudden death among athletes following vaccination has been reported and requires further investigation. Whether the risk of myocarditis, a known major cause of sudden dea...

Abstract Background: We have previously demonstrated that ivermectin used as prophylaxis for COVID-19, irrespective of the regularity or the level of monitoring, in a strictly controlled city-wide program in Southern Brazil (Itajaí, SC, Brazil), was associated with reductions in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates. In this stu...

Background: We have previously demonstrated that ivermectin used as prophylaxis for COVID-19, irrespective of the regularity or the level of monitoring, in a strictly controlled city-wide program in Southern Brazil (Itajaí, SC, Brazil), was associated with reductions in COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and mortality rates. In this study, our ob...

Purpose: Testosterone replacement and associated pharmacologic agents are effective strategies to treat male hypogonadism; however, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle modification approaches have gained medical interest. The purpose of this scoping review is to highlight the evidence (or lack thereof) of nutraceuticals and lifestyle modification a...

Dear all, I read with interest an article of a pilot open label trial randomized clinical trial (RCT) that tested enzalutamide, an anti-androgen, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (The ‘COVIDENZA’ trial [1]. I also read with interest the two letters to the editor [2,3] regarding this article and their respective responses from the authors of the...

Recently, in the absence of sufficient arguments to undermine an observational study on ivermectin, a team of people with undisclosed interests and beliefs redirected the attempts to shatter the study through attacks to the authors. Cureus editorial team fairly and correctly decided to publish an erratum in a manner that no doubts regarding alleged...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21272.].

Background Several therapies have been used or proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness and safety have not been properly evaluated. The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations to support decisions about the drug treatment of outpatients with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods A panel consisting of experts from...

Abstract Background: Myocarditis induced by mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is a well-documented complication observed in young males, while increase of the incidence in sudden deaths among athletes have been reported and requires further investigation. Myocarditis is a major cause of sudden deaths in young male athletes. The severity and implications o...

Background P.1 lineage (Gamma) was first described in the State of Amazonas, northern Brazil, in the end of 2020, and has emerged as a very important variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. P.1 has been linked to increased infectivity, higher mortality, and immune evasion, leading to reinfections and potentially reduced efficacy of vaccin...

In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe respiratory illness caused by the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China. The greatest impact that COVID-19 had was on intensive care units (ICUs), given that approximately 20% of hospitalized cases developed acute respirato...

Background: Ivermectin has demonstrated different mechanisms of action that potentially protect from both coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and COVID-19-related comorbidities. Based on the studies suggesting efficacy in prophylaxis combined with the known safety profile of ivermectin, a citywide prevention program using ivermectin for...

Updated manuscript: In January 8, 2022, we posted an updated version of our manuscript, with a few corrections. The most relevant correction was the analysis of the COVID-19 infection rates among ivermectin users and non-users. Third-party, independent analysis was performed on the two datasets used for the present analysis. The detailed descriptio...

Updated manuscript: In January 8, 2022, we posted an updated version of our manuscript, with a few corrections. The most relevant correction was the analysis of the COVID-19 infection rates among ivermectin users and non-users. Third-party, independent analysis was performed on the two datasets used for the present analysis. The detailed descriptio...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a day with two separate training sessions (morning and afternoon) of rhythmic gymnastics on erythrocytes, leukocytes, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and hydration of Brazilian team [age 17.7 (±1.1) years; body height 165 (±0.5) cm; body mass 49.7 (±4.2) kg]. Heart rate and session - ratings of...

Background: Based on ivermectin safety profile and lack of alternative options and vaccines, a medical-based citywide governmental program offered ivermectin prophylaxis for COVID-19 (city of Itajaí, state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazi). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic ivermectin use in in-hospital COVID-...

In January 6 2020, we corrected the number of subjects and the numbers of deaths according to age in Table S2, that showed the frequencies for overall population. In Table S3, where frequencies were shown for each group, data was already correct. The error in data compiling, not anything else, is easy to notice because the sum of the previous numbe...

Background: Proxalutamide, a second-generation non-steroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), was demonstrated to be effective in moderate-to-severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients, in a randomized clinical trial (RCT) conducted in Northern Brazil (NCT04728802). The objective of the present RCT is to evaluate whether the efficacy of proxalutamide can be confirm...

Background The role of androgens on COVID-19 is well established. Proxalutamide is a second-generation, non-steroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) with the highest antiandrogen potency among NSAAs and concurrent regulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and inflammatory response. Proxalutamide has been demonstrated to be effective to p...

Background: P.1 lineage (Gamma) was first described in the State of Amazonas, northern Brazil, in the end of 2020, and has emerged as a very important variant of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 worldwide. P.1 has been linked to increased infectivity, higher mortality and immune evasion, leading to reinfections and potentially reduced efficacy of vaccin...

Cuidadosamente preparado em parceria com a Comissão de Endocrinologia do Esporte e Exercício da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia, esse é um livro que reúne os principais especialistas em fisiologia e fisiopatologia em ambas as áreas. Sucesso de vendas em sua 1ª edição, o guia ganha uma 2ª edição totalmente revista e atualizada,...

Almost a year after the COVID-19 pandemic had begun, new lineages (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2) associated with enhanced transmissibility, immunity evasion, and mortality were identified in the United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil. The previous most prevalent lineages in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Southern Brazil), B.1.1.28 an...

Background: The androgen theory on COVID-19 is based on the fact that males, in particular when affected by androgenetic alopecia, and females with hyperandrogenic states are more severely affected by COVID-19, while chronic users of antiandrogens experiment lower rates of COVID-19 complications. The theory finds plausibility on the androgen-mediat...

Background: The androgen theory on COVID-19 is based on the fact that males, in particular when affected by androgenetic alopecia, and females with hyperandrogenic states are more severely affected by COVID-19, while chronic users of antiandrogens experiment lower rates of COVID-19 complications. The theory finds plausibility on the androgen-mediat...

Antiandrogens have demonstrated a protective effect for COVOD-19 patients in observational and interventional studies. The goal of this study was to determine if proxalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, could be an effective treatment for men with COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical tr...

Background: Antiandrogens were shown to be effective in mild-tomoderate COVID-19 male patients, supported by the SARS-CoV-2 dependency on transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is solely modulated by androgens, for cell entry. While women with hyperandrogenism experiment more symptoms in COVID-19 compared to women without hyperandrogenis...

Introduction: Proxalutamide, a second generation non-steroidal antiandrogen (NSAA), primarily developed for castration-resistant prostate cancer, demonstrated reduction in 28-day mortality rate of 77.7% in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-arm randomized clinical trial (RCT), through intention-to-treat (ITT)...

Introduction: Antiandrogen are good candidates against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) due to the inhibition of its entry into host cells by the suppression of TMPRSS2, an enzyme that primes the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and is key for its cell entry. Proxalutamide is a second-generation nonste...

In a prospective observational study (pre-AndroCoV Trial), the use of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine demonstrated unexpected improvements in COVID-19 outcomes, when compared to untreated patients. The apparent yet likely positive results raised ethical concerns on the employment of further full placebo84 controlled studies in early...

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infectivity is mediated by the androgen-promoted protease, transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Previously, we have shown that treatment with proxalutamide, a non-steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, accelerates viral clearance and clinical remission in outpatients w...

Almost a year after the COVID-19 pandemic had begun, The United Kingdom, South Africa, and Brazil became the epicenter of new lineages, the Variant of Concern (VOCs), B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1, respectively. These VOCs are increasingly associated with enhanced transmissibility, immunity evasion, and mortality. The previous most prevalent lineages i...

Background While public health strategies to contain the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are primarily focused on social distancing and isolation, emerging evidence suggest that in some regions social isolation failed to lead to further decrease in the number of COVID-19 deaths in the long run. This apparent paradox was particu...

The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is a distinct component of the circadian cortisol profile and has promise as a biomarker for the monitoring of athlete readiness and training status. Although some studies have suggested the CAR may be affected by the development of overtraining syndrome (OTS), this has yet to be systematically investigated. P...

Background The entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into type II pneumocytes is dependent on a modification of viral spike proteins by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) expressed on the surface of human cells. TMPRSS2 is regulated by the androgen receptor, hence, SARS-CoV-2 infectivity is indirectly dependen...

Background: While public health strategies to contain the current coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic are primarily focused on social distancing and isolation, emerging evidence suggest that in some regions social isolation failed to lead to further decrease in the number of COVID-19 deaths in the long run. This apparent paradox was particul...

Background and objective Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry and subsequent infectivity are mediated by androgens and the androgen receptors through the regulation of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) predisposes males to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, wh...

A severe case of COVID-19 was observed in an otherwise healthy 28-year-old man who had taken oxandrolone 40 mg/day as an anabolic steroid. The patient had been taking oxandrolone for enhanced bodybuilding 30 days prior to presenting to an outpatient clinic with COVID-19 symptoms. The patient reported that his symptoms have rapidly worsened over the...

Introduction A major barrier for successful therapeutic approaches for COVID-19 is the inability to diagnose COVID-19 during the viral replication stage, when drugs with potential antiviral activity could demonstrate efficacy and preclude progression to more severe stages. Reasons that hamper an earlier diagnosis of COVID-19 include the unspecific...

Importance: In the COVID-19 pandemic, a limiting barrier for more successful approaches to COVID-19 is the lack of appropriate timing for its diagnosis, during the viral replication stage, when antiviral approaches could demonstrate efficacy, precluding progression to severe stages. Three major reasons that hamper the diagnosis earlier in the disea...

Background: Antiandrogens have demonstrated a protective effect for COVOD-19 patients in observational and interventional studies. The goal of this study was to determine if proxalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, could be an effective treatment for men with COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. Study design and methods: A randomized, double-...

Background: Antiandrogens have demonstrated a protective effect for COVOD-19 patients in observational and interventional studies. The goal of this study was to determine if proxalutamide, an androgen receptor antagonist, could be an effective treatment for men with COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. Study design and methods: A randomized, double-...

Importance: In the COVID-19 pandemic, a limiting barrier for more successful approaches to COVID-19 is the lack of appropriate timing for its diagnosis, during the viral replication stage, when antiviral approaches could demonstrate efficacy, precluding progression to severe stages. Three major reasons that hamper the diagnosis earlier in the disea...

The severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in males may be due to the higher androgen expression. It is also known that androgen sensitivity is correlated with androgenic alopecia. The “Gabrin sign” identifies those with severe androgen alopecia (Hamilton Norwood scale = 3–7) who are at a higher risk for developing...

Importance: In the COVID-19 pandemic, a limiting barrier for more successful approaches to COVID-19 is the lack of appropriate timing for its diagnosis, during the viral replication stage, when antiviral approaches could demonstrate efficacy, precluding progression to severe stages. Three major reasons that hamper the diagnosis earlier in the disea...

Importance: A major barrier for successful therapeutic approaches to COVID-19 is the inability during the viral replication stage, when drugs with potential antiviral activity could demonstrate efficacy and preclude progression to more severe stages. Reasons that hamper an earlier diagnosis of COVID-19 include the unspecific and mild symptoms durin...

To the Editor: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on humans, society, and the global economy. Returning to pre-pandemic activity hinges on the development of robust immunization against SARS-CoV-2. Successful immunization through vaccination or post-exposure to SARS-CoV-2 largely depends on the adaptive immune response. In clinical...

Background: SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity is indirectly dependent on androgenic status and phenotype, through the regulation of TMPRSS2, an androgen-mediated proteolytic enzyme, that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry. Indeed, males, in particular those affected by androgenetic alopecia (AGA), and hyperandrogenic females are overrepresented in se...

Background SARS-CoV-2 entry into type II pneumocytes is depended on the TMPRSS2 proteolytic enzyme. The only known promoter of TMPRSS2 in humans is an androgen response element. As such, androgen sensitivity may be a risk factor for COVID-19. Previously, we have reported a retrospective cohort analysis demonstrating the protective effect of 5-alpha...

Background: SARS-CoV-2 entry into type II pneumocytes is depended on the TMPRSS2 proteolytic enzyme. The only known promoter of TMPRSS2 in humans is an androgen response element. As such, androgen sensitivity may be a risk factor for COVID-19. Previously, we have reported a retrospective cohort analysis demonstrating the protective effect of 5-alph...

Background While there was a lack of pharmacological interventions proven to be effective in early, outpatient settings for COVID-19, in a prospective, open-label observational study (pre-AndroCoV Trial) the use of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine demonstrated similar effects, and apparent improvement of outcomes compared to untreate...

We have previously reported that men with androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are more likely to present with severe COVID-19 symptoms, potentially implicating androgen sensitivity as a risk factor for COVID-19.1-3 As such, we hypothesized that 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARi) may reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease. To test this hypothesis we condu...

Background: While there was a lack of Background: While there was a lack of pharmacological interventions proven to be effective in early, outpatient settings for COVID-19, in a prospective, open-label observational study (pre-AndroCoV Trial) the use of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine demonstrated similar effects, and apparent impro...

Background: While there was a lack of pharmacological interventions proven to be effective in early, outpatient settings for COVID-19, in a prospective, open-label observational study (pre-AndroCoV Trial) the use of nitazoxanide, ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine demonstrated similar effects, and apparent improvement of outcomes compared to untreat...

Background: COVID-19 pandemic requires urgent responses in terms of identification of effective and safe therapies to reduce hospitalization, death, and post-COVID symptoms, while vaccines are not extensively available. Repurposing already existing medications for COVID-19 should be preferred over the development of new drugs due to their inherent...

Background: COVID-19 pandemic requires urgent responses in terms of identification of effective and safe therapies to reduce hospitalization, death, and post-COVID symptoms, while vaccines are not extensively available. Repurposing already existing medications for COVID-19 should be preferred over the development of new drugs due to their inherent...