C. Vanniarajan

Tamil Nadu Agricultural University | TNAU · Department of Plant Breeding Genetics

Aim: This experiment assessed the potential of induced mutagenesis in evolving variability for yield, nutritional and anti-nutritional, factors in horse gram. Methodology: The mutants were grown in three environments consisting of three sowing times and soil types and the data were pooled. D2 analysis was used to group the mutants. Based on the mag...

Horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam. (Verdc.)] is an under-utilized legume grown in India. It is a good source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. We screened 252 horse gram germplasm accessions for horse gram yellow mosaic virus resistance using the percent disease index and scaling techniques. The percentage values...

Main objective of this study was to alter the grain size of drought tolerant Anna (R) 4 rice variety, because it fetches less market due to its long slender grain type. Hence to reduce the grain size, the seeds of Anna (R) 4rice were irradiated with physical mutagens namely gamma rays and electron beam. The small grain size mutants from 200, 250, 3...

Multi-environment evaluation of a core set helps in the identification of trait-specific genetic stocks for further exploitation to sustain soybean productivity. TNAU soybean core set comprising of 50 soybean germplasm (thirty national and twenty international lines) was evaluated for variability pattern, trait association and adaptability using te...

Sesame is an important oil seed crop containing high amount of edible oil along with nutritional quality. A wide range of colours is observed in the sesame seeds ranging from white to black. White seeded sesame has huge demand in confectionary market besides the oil market. However, yield level of sesame is low compared to other oilseed crops. Impr...

Relationship between the yield and physiological characters in accelerated aged seeds of two varieties and three advanced breeding lines of barnyard millet were tested. Two different methods of seed ageing process were used and a non-significant relationship between the methods was found. It indicates that either of this can be used for accelerated...

Fifteen cluster bean genotypes including the parent MDU 1 and fourteen determinate M 5 generation cluster bean mutants were evaluated to determine the correlation and path analysis among yield and yield attributing characters. The genotypic correlation coefficient was observed to be higher in magnitude than the phenotypic correlation coefficient fo...

Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of individual treatments of Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium Azide (SA) were assessed in Barnyard millet. The treatments included three doses each of EMS and SA calculated based on their Lethal Dose (LD 50). Different types of chlorophyll mutants namely albino, xantha, chlorina, striata, alboviridis,...

The present study was carried out using 40 mutants along with two check varieties CO(Kv)2 and MDU1 during Kharif 2019. Sixteen characters were studied and out of which only 11 traits showed significant variation. Correlation and path analysis were done for 11 traits viz., number of basal tillers, days to fifty percent flowering, flag leaf length, p...

Fifteen cluster bean genotypes including the parent MDU 1 and fourteen determinate M 5 generation cluster bean mutants were evaluated to determine the correlation and path analysis among yield and yield attributing characters. The genotypic correlation coefficient was observed to be higher in magnitude than the phenotypic correlation coefficient fo...

Sesame is a leading oilseed crop known for its quality edible oil and byproducts. Mutation breeding is an effective means of creating new genetic variability as certain desirable traits like uniform maturity, non-shattering capsules etc., do not exist in nature..The present study aimed to isolate high yielding early mutants of sesame on the basis o...

Palmyra palm Tender Fruit Endosperm (PTFE) is highly perishable and has to be consumed within few hours from harvest. Freeze drying was employed to enhance the shelf life and it was experimented against fresh PTFE for its bioactive and nutritional components. Antioxidant capacities in terms of DPPH and FRAP were analyzed and correlated with total p...

Grain discolouration is an important constraint in reducing productivity of rice. Curvularia lunata and Exserohilum rostratum are two important pathogens responsible for it. An in vitro study was undertaken to test the efficacy of different plant oils against these pathogens. It revealed from the experiment using poison food technique that all the...

Background: The urd bean variety MDU 1 has a duration of 70-75 days, bushy in nature and is susceptible to yellow mosaic virus. In order to develop a determinate type and improved batter quality, MDU 1 and VBN (Bg) 4 blackgram seeds were treated with different doses (100 Gy, 200 Gy, 300 Gy, 400 Gy and 500 Gy) of gamma rays. Methods: Uniform sized s...

Background: Horse gram is the potential rainfed legume in Indian farming. The major limitation in horse gram breeding is the narrow variability. Variability induction and its estimation would sustain food security. Methods: Variability was induced using gamma rays, electron beam and ethyl methanesulfonate and their combinations. The induced variati...

Greengram is one among the prominent Fabaceae crops cultivated in India, which serves as a rich source of good quality proteins. In order to find an appropriate method for selection of best genotypes of greengram, to fetch higher yields, the following study was undertaken. This research was conducted to study the gene action in the populations P ,...

Rice is the most important cereal crop which belongs to the family Poaceae. It feeds two third of world population. Mutation is the primary source of all genetic variations existing in any organism, including plants. The effect of new source of physical mutagen of electron beam over gamma rays was studied in M generation of rice Anna (R) 4 variety...

Cowpea is a versatile legume, with plethora of nutrients and its ability to grow in drought and unforgiving climatic conditions makes it climate resilient and nutritional rich crop. The twining and indeterminate growth habit of cowpea limits mechanical harvesting and modernized agricultural practices. Induced mutagenesis was carried out to create t...

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex. Schult, commonly called Indian Sarsaparilla, belongs to the family Apocynaceae and is one among the unexplored high valued medicinal plants endemic to the Indian subcontinent. In the recent past, the wild population of this valuable plant species is diminishing and being grouped in the list of endangered species....

The tender fruit endosperm of B. flabellifer contains high moisture that makes it perishable at short span of time. Retorting of Palmyra palm Tender Fruit Endosperms (PTFE) was employed using sugar syrup to find an appropriate thermal processing time to enhance its shelf life and its economical value with minimal loss of nutrients and to make this...

Aim: Methodology: Results: Interpretation: Key words: The quest was framed to analyse the effect of high dose of gamma rays on morphological, flowering, and palynological traits in horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum). Two horse gram varieties PAIYUR 2 and CRIDA 1-18 R were mutated using 32 mutagenic combinations. Sterile plants produced by gamma ray...

Background: The present germplasm of cluster bean lack the needed natural variability for developing early maturing short statured lines. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the magnitude of heritable variability stimulated through induced mutation in M3 generation. Methods: M3 generation seeds of cluster bean variety MDU1 treated with gamma ra...

Aim: Methodology: Results: Interpretation: The study was conducted to explore the magnitude of variability induced by gamma rays, electron beam and its combinations for quantitative traits in horsegram (Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam) Verdc.). The horsegram cultivar PAIYUR 2 was irradiated with twelve combinations involving G, EB and G+EB. Desirable mu...

Increase in global warming poses a severe threat on agricultural production thereby affecting food security. A drastic reduction in yield at elevated temperature is a resultant of several agro-morphological, physiological and biochemical modifications in plants. Heat tolerance is a complex mechanism under polygenic inheritance. Development of toler...

Background: Blackgram is an important pulse crop consumed in the form of fermented cuisines especially in south India. Yield being a complex trait, is highly influenced by environment. Studies on environmental influence on batter quality are rare. Hence, the current study was taken up to identity stable genotypes over environments with respect to y...

Background: Induced mutagenesis was employed in horse gram cv. CRIDA 1-18R with an objective of evolving mutants with increased yield potential. Methods: Based on preliminary study, the variety has been irradiated with desirable doses of gamma rays (200 Gy and 300 Gy), electron beam (100 Gy and 200 Gy) and its combination (100 Gy) and the material...

Background: A systematic investigation of the induced mutagenesis in Urdbean was attempted with cultivars viz., MDU 1 and VBN (Bg) 4 to generate superior battering quality varieties. Induced mutation is proven as an applicable breeding method to build variation in plant materials. In this study, 40 Urdbean genotypes including thirty eight mutants o...

This study aimed to track the inheritance and identify the expressed sequence tag (EST) ‐ simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker (s) associated with the anthocyanin pigments in barnyard millet (Echinochloa spp.). The F1 and F2 generations were developed using the anthocyanin pigmented genotype ACM 331 (purple inflorescence) and three non‐pigmented gen...

Purpose: Rice is the predominant crop of Tamil Nadu state, India that occupies about 30% of the total cropped area. However, grain type and quality are the critical traits that determine the market value and domestic consumption rice variety. Most of the households of Tamil Nadu, India prefer to consume medium slender to fine grain type of rice. H...

Background: Pigeon pea is an important dietary protein source for humans but the production was constrained by various biotic and abiotic factors. Breeding strategies were followed to improve yield and developing high yielding varieties but at the same time utilization of genetic resources have declined. Pigeon pea is native to India with huge natu...

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is an important food legume crop of India. Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease is the major problem in blackgram. The disease can reduce seed yield upto 100% or even kill a plant infected at an early vegetative stage. The most effective way to prevent the occurrence of this disease is to devel...

Cowpea is the poor man's crop that lacks variability due to its autogamous nature. Induced mutation serves as a potential source in the induction of variability in crops. On the other hand, the effectiveness and efficiency of mutagens will vary between species and even varieties. In the present study, a novel mutagen electron beam was used in cowpe...

Rice is the major cereal among all other food crops in the world. It was majorly affected by various biotic stresses. Blast and sheath blight imposes 20-25% of yield penalty. The elite and sustainable method for valuable management of disease resistance development is to develop resistant cultivars. The phenotypic and genotypic evaluations were use...

Phosphorus (P) deficiency tolerance is a pivotal trait for plant growth and development. Most of the commercial modern cultivars lack this trait and reported it as a very serious problem limiting crop productivity. This trait is advantageous if present in modern high yielding varieties as it increases the yield under the phosphorus-deficient soil c...

Linear regression model was determined to establish relation pertaining to solid (Palmyra palm tender fruit endosperms) to liquid (sugar syrup) ratio in a standard sized metalized retort pouches. Also it was optimized that 2:3 ratio was best suited with less processing time and proportionate weights of different thickness. Shelf life study results...

In the present study, fifty-two mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes were evaluated for seven morphological traits at three different environments in South Indian state Tamil Nadu, namely Virinjipuram (E1), Eachangkottai (E2), and Bhavanisagar (E3) during Kharif 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The data collected were subjected to variability and...

Bacterial blight, blast, and sheath blight are the commonest diseases causing substantial yield loss in rice around the world. Stacking of broad-spectrum resistance genes/QTLs into popular cultivars is becoming a major objective of any disease resistance breeding program. The varieties ASD 16 and ADT 43 are the two popular, high yielding, and widel...

There is an urgent need to enhance agricultural production as well as productivity to meet the food demand of the growing population, estimated to be 10 billion by 2050, using a holistic and sustainable approach. The daily food sources for almost three-fourth of the global population, cereals and millets, are prone to several biotic factors and abi...

Background: Two horsegram varieties viz., PAIYUR 2 and CRIDA1-18R were mutated with gamma rays (G), electron beam (EB), G+EB and G+EMS (ethyl methane sulphonate) to determine the mutagenic potency in breeding programme.Methods: Uniform seeds treated with different mutagenic doses were raised in randomized block design which constituted M1 generatio...

Red Sorghum landraces are predominantly cultivated in southern districts of Tamil Nadu, India and are noted for its anthocyanin (3-deoxyanthocyanin) content, high antioxidant activity, low glycemic index, dietary fiber, astringency, fodder value, high protein, biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In this study, the seeds of 72 sorghum landraces co...

Sheath blight is one of destructive diseases of rice, causing substantial loss to rice production. Developing resistant cultivars to sheath blight is quite difficult due to lack of effective resistant source in the available germplasm. Pyramiding of gens/QTLs for different biotic stresses gives broad-spectrum resistance to multiple diseases for any...

Red sorghum is predominantly grown sorghum landrace in Tamil Nadu. Promising cultivars, the health and industrial benefits were presented

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) is a whitefly-transmitted major destructive virus affecting urdbean productivity in India. The objective of this research was to identify urdbean genotypes resistant against MYMV based on the phenotypic reaction and genotypic analysis. A total of 48 urdbean genotypes were evaluated for resistance to MYMV by visua...

Background: The drought is one of the major limiting factors in rice production especially in rainfed environment. The rice production loss in rainfed has ranged from 17 to 40 percent during severe drought seasons. The rice cultivar Anna (R) 4 is having best adoptive characteristics to suits direct seeded rice under rainfed cultivation. But it has...

Induction of mutation played a vital role in the crop improvement among methods of plant breeding. Genetic improvement through induced mutation was found to be very effective for induction of variability in the quantitative and qualitative characters. The mutagenic effect of gamma rays (200Gy, 300Gy and 400Gy) and Electron beam (200 Gy, 300Gy and 4...

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) is an unexplored nutri-rich crop that thrives well in harsh environments and supports many small farmers in Southern and Eastern Asia. Although it has rich sources of micronutrients, the genetic studies are very limited which further impedes in its genetic improvement. Therefore, we attempted to assess the...

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.]Moench) is a versatile crop grown in more than 100 countries in tropics and semi-arid regions for food, fodder, fuel and fiber. Red sorghum is noted for its rich phenolic content and specifically 3-deoxyanthocyanin content that lacks hydroxyl group at C-3 position. A total of 80 sorghum landraces collected from various...

Current agricultural and food systems encourage research and development on major crops, neglecting regionally important minor crops. Small millets include a group of small-seeded cereal crops of the grass family Poaceae. This includes finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet, little millet, teff, fonio, job's tears...

Barnyard millet (Echinochloa species) has become one of the most important minor millet crops in Asia, showing a firm upsurge in world production. The genus Echinochloa comprises of two major species, Echinochloa esculenta and Echinochloa frumentacea, which are predominantly cultivated for human consumption and livestock feed. They are less suscept...

The callus induction potential of a genotype is a prerequisite for rice improvement through biotechnological approach. The present study aims to identify the response of popular indica rice varieties and its mutants for different traits indicating callus induction ability of a genotype. Five different concentrations of media were fixed for the stud...

Induced mutations not only alter the plant genome but also affect the cellular component which leads to changes in seed germination to maturity traits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the somatic effect of chemical mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) on seed germination, shoot length, root length, plant photosynthetic pigments an...

A study was conducted to assess the chlorophyll and viable mutation frequency in M 2 generation of Anna(R) 4 rice variety induced through gamma rays and electron beam radiations with different dosages viz., 200Gy, 250Gy, 300Gy and 350Gy. The results showed that chlorophyll and viable mutation frequency was higher in electron beam (8.62 and 22.30) c...

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different processing methods on extraction of millet milk viz., germinated millet milk extraction, germinated and roasted millet milk extraction; enzyme assisted millet milk extraction and ultrasonicated millet milk extraction. Physical parameters viz., sedimentation rate, separation rate, whitene...

nter relationship among yield and its attributes in cowpea can be studied through correlation and path analysis. In the current study, 102 Indian cowpea genotypes were evaluated based on twelve quantitative characters to study the association between yield and its contributing traits. Single plant yield showed significant positive correlation with...

Rice is an important food crop with high agronomic and nutritional importance, and it is widely cultivated in tropical and temperate regions of the world. India is one of the centres of diversity in rice, and indigenous germplasms can be used to expand the genetic base of cultivated rice. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of ge...

The present study was taken up to assess the effects of potent mutagen Sodium Azide on the two popular rice varieties-CO 51 and BPT 2231. Seeds were treated with eight different concentrations from 1 mM to 8 mM. The LD50 values for CO 51 and BPT 2231 were similar, 2.59 and 2.57 mM concentrations respectively. In both the varieties, root length was...

In the present study two white seeded sesame varieties VRI 3 and SVPR 1 were treated with seven different concentration viz., 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.6 %, 0.8 %, 1 %, 1.2 % and 1.4 % of chemical mutagen Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS). Germination percentage and germination index were tested using two different germination methods. Seed germination percenta...

Combining ability analysis over two seasons was carried out in blackgram involving four lines, five testers and 20 crosses. Variance due to environments was significant for all the characters. Variances due to genotypes and genotype × environment was significant for all characters, except for number of pods per cluster. It indicated that environmen...

Millets are nutritionally rich and occupy an important place in the diet of people in many regions of the world. Although millets are nutritionally superior to cereals, their utilization as a food is mostly confined to the traditional consumers. So, the present study was undertaken to standardize millet milk from barnyard millet, little millet, kod...

Bipolaris oryzae, the pathogen which incessantly infecting rice crop which causes at any growth stage. It greatly infects grains, lower seed germination, seed quality that reduces the yield up to 60%. Various chemicals have been used for controlling this disease but it is very parlous to human being due to its toxicity. Besides, some eco-friendly m...

The present study was formulated to exploit the promising traits for yield improvement in 52 mungbean germplasm using path and principal component analysis (PCA). The genotypes were evaluated during kharif 2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar. Eight yield contributing traits viz., plant height, days to first flowering, days to fifty...

Barnyard millet, a versatile and multi-purpose crop, is nutritionally superior to other major cereals and it is known for the efficient accumulation of metals, mainly Fe. To study the phenotypic variation in different barnyard millet lines for selecting desirable phenotype with varying metal accumulation, a pot culture experiment was conducted with...