C. S. Mukhopadhyay

Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University | GADVASU · College of Animal Biotechnology

Germ cells are endowed with unique properties like the ability to undergo meiosis and differentiate into gametes in order to perpetuate the genetic material. Spermatogonial stem cells (SSC) are considered as the best suited undifferentiated germ cells and are being consistently studied to reveal the basic physiology, genomics and transcriptomics of...

In the present study, we used high-throughput sequencing, miRNA-seq, to discover and explore the expression profiles of known and novel miRNAs in TLR ligand-stimulated vis-àvis non-stimulated (i.e. Control) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from blood of healthy Murrah buffaloes. Six small RNA (sRNA) libraries were multiplexed in...

The pig rearing is renowned area of Indian livestock. It is mainly adopted by tribal folk and economically week classes of country. The pig meat known as pork is highly proteinaceous. The four genes (ACAT2, ACAA2, APOA4 & SOCS2) are evaluated in the current study on the basis of their expression in indigenous pigs of Punjab in comparison to Large W...

Background: The industrial hub of Punjab, Ludhiana is polluted with heavy metals. The dairy animals experience stress due to pollution of heavy metals as well as the hot summer season. The stressors lead to disturbance in metabolic profile and affect milk production. The present study aimed at evaluation of detrimental effect of environmental heavy...

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a member of the phenoxy family of herbicides is commonly used in agriculture for controlling broadleaf weeds but its uncontrolled and incoherent use has been linked to incidences of lung toxicity. The present study aimed to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the 2,4-D alone or in combination with endo...

Reproductive problems in swine caused by porcine viruses pose a serious threat to the pig industry in developing countries like India. For evaluating the true extent of porcine infections, a total of 1308 representative sera samples were collected from 92 different pig farms covering 8 North-Eastern states and Punjab state of Northern India during...

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate and the cypermethrin is Type 2 pyrethroid insecticide that are used for indoor and outdoor pest control. They are used either alone or in combination. Hitherto studies confirm that the prolonged exposures to their use in combination result in chronic or persistent neurologic and teratogenic effects along with abor...

Background: Oxidative stress is a unified concept for the assessment of metabolic status of buffaloes affected by a cocktail of heavy metal exposure from environment and it may significantly affect the metabolic profile and milk production during summer season. The present study aimed at evaluation of effect of probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae s...

Background: The study was conducted to unravel the consequences of abnormal lactation lengths (Extremely short, short, prolong and extremely prolong lactation length) on production and reproduction traits of crossbred cattle (Red Dane x Sahiwal x Holstein Friesian), which otherwise remains unutilized in routine breeding data analysis owing to norma...

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 3 groups of she-buffaloes (Tuberculosis, Metritis, and Healthy control) was sequenced by RNA-Seq (using Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform). The pre-processed reads, obtained from transcriptome sequencing, were aligned to the Bostaurus genome using the Hisat-2 program. Gene expression was stud...

Background: MicroRNAs play key roles in host-pathogen-interactions and disease pathogenesis. Our aim was to characterize the differentially expressed miRNAs in the blood cells of diseased (Brucellosis-positive, Johne's disease-positive) and healthy- water buffaloes. The pooled small-RNA samples of each group were sequenced on Ion Torrent Personal...

The present investigation aims to study the karyology of the three most popular dog breeds as well as indigenous local dog. In this study, we identified the most popular dog breeds of the Punjab region which are maintained as companion animals, or for guarding. Metaphase plates were prepared after culturing of lymphocytes isolated from heparinized...

IsomiRs, the sequence-variants of microRNA (miRNA), are characterized by variation at the 3′- and/or 5′-end(s) of canonical miRNA-sequence as a result of nucleotide addition or deletion or substitution. These sequence alterations could be created either due to imprecise cleavage of miRNA sequence by drosha or dicer enzymes or through the addition o...

The present study aimed to observe the expression of MYCN in lungs of mice following chronic exposure of 2,4-D with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 2,4-D was administered orally dissolved in corn oil at high and low dose (1/10th and 1/20th of LD50) for 90 days. After 90 days of exposure, animals from each group were challenged with LPS/normal...

Introduction: Herbicides are the most widely used (36%) pesticides and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid/2,4-D is frequently used herbicide to kill broadleaf weeds. However, 2,4-D poses environmental contamination and damage to non-target species. The combined effects of endotoxins with herbicides, which likely occur in agricultural settings, are poor...

The present study conducted in mice presented that high and low doses of 2,4-D exposure alone or in combination with LPS showed strong immunopositive activity for MYCN in airways epithelial and septal cells. The indirect ELISA data revealed that 2,4-D with or without LPS did not caused significant increase in the protein concentration of MYCN in BA...

MicroRNA isoforms are the variants of a canonical miRNA-sequence with alteration at the 3` or 5` termini due to addition, deletion and/or substitution of nucleotide. The present study aims at identifying the isomiRs of the expressed miRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of diseased vis-à-vis healthy buffaloes, vis-à-vis exploring the...

Although water buffaloes are the main milk-producing animals in Indian subcontinent, only limited attempts have been made toidentify canonical pathways and gene regulatory networks operating within the mammary gland s of these animals. Such informationis important for identifyin g unique t ranscriptome signature s in the mammary glan ds of d isease...

Celiac Disease (CD) is a multifactorial, autoimmune enteropathy activated by cereal proteins in genetically predisposed individuals carrying HLA DQ2/8 genes. A heterogenous gene combination of the cereal prolamins is documented in different wheat genotypes, which is suggestive of their variable immunogenic potential. In the current study, four whea...

Ethion, an organophosphorus pesticide, is used worldwide and has potential for toxicity and inflammation. There are very limited data on the pulmonary and genotoxic effects of ethion especially when the exposure is combined with lipopolysaccharide. Therefore, we used a mouse model to test the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to ethion alone or in...

Background: Pesticide residues in food and environment along with airborne contaminants like endotoxins pose a tangible threat to living beings. Fipronil, a broad-spectrum insecticide at acute doses in combination with endotoxin has been linked to airway inflammation. Wnt/PCP pathway plays important role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory...

Background Xanthosine treatment has been previously reported to increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in cattle and goats. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the increase in stem cell population and milk production remain unclear. Methods Primiparous Beetal goats were assigned to the study. Five days p...

The central dogma of gene expression propounds that DNA is transcribed to mRNA and finally gets translated into protein. Only 2–3% of the genomic DNA is transcribed to protein-coding mRNA. Interestingly, only a further minuscule part of genomic DNA encodes for long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are characteristically more than 200 nucleotides lon...

Post agricultural revolution, pesticide usage increased throughout the globe. The reason for the rampant pesticide usage is limited land availability for cultivation in order to double the farmers income. An Indian pesticide industry is also now touching new heights coupled with the fact India is the breeding ground for new age pests due to its war...

CXCR1 (Interleukin-8 Receptor A) is one of the two high-affinity receptors (IL-8RA and IL-8RB), present on the surface of neutrophils that binds to the IL-8 ligand, which results in the activation of immune response and allows the migration of immune cells to the site of inflammation. CXCR1 is strongly associated with inflammatory responses against...

The parameters related to oxidative stress and heavy metal levels were assessed during summer and winter seasons in buffaloes from environmentally exposed areas (n=60) of Ludhiana district of Punjab (India) and control area (n=40). Buffaloes of heavy metal exposed areas exhibited significantly (p less than 0.05) increased blood levels of Cr, Ni, As...

Ethion, an organophosphorus pesticide, is used worldwide and has potential for toxicity and inflammation. There are very limited data on the pulmonary and genotoxic effects of ethion especially when the exposure is combined with lipopolysaccharide. Therefore, we used a mouse model to test the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to ethion alone or in...

Background and Aim Newcastle disease (ND) is considered one of the most important poultry diseases with chicken morbidity and mortality rates up to 100%. Current vaccination programs allow the use of live attenuated vaccines in the field to protect against the disease, which alone is inefficient and requires repeat booster doses. Toll-like receptor...

Imidacloprid is used for crop protection and flea control. Its unintentional impacts on various target organs have been described and the possible toxicological interaction with imidacloprid and endotoxin is reported in this study. Male Swiss albino mice were administered imidacloprid orally at 1/20th of LD50 dissolved in corn oil for 30d. Five ani...

"Basic Applied Bioinformatics provides a practical guidance in bioinformatics and helps students to optimize parameters for data analysis and then to draw accurate conclusions from the results. In addition to parameter optimization, the text will also familiarize students with relevant terminology. Basic Applied Bioinformatics is written as an acce...

MicroRNAs are small noncoding but functionally important RNA molecules that are involved in regulating diverse cellular, metabolic, and immune processes. Their small size necessitates modification in traditional acid phenol-chloroform based RNA isolation procedures to get highly enriched fraction of small RNA that includes miRNAs and siRNAs. Furthe...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19-25 base long), non-coding RNAs that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression by cleaving targeted mRNAs in several eukaryotes. The miRNAs play vital roles in multiple biological and metabolic processes, including developmental timing, signal transduction, cell maintenance and differentiation, diseases and cance...

Xanthosine treatment was previously reported to increase mammary stem cell population and milk production in both bovine and caprine. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using whole transcriptome RNA sequencing technology, the goal of this study was to examine the effects of Xanthosine on the transcriptome changes in mammar...

Heat stress is an important domain of research in livestock due to its negative impact on production and disease resistance. The augmentation of stress in the body stimulates the antioxidative activity comprising various enzymes (viz., catalase, superoxide dismutase), metabolites (reduced glutathione, etc.), vitamins, minerals, etc. to combat the s...

Water buffalo is main milk producing animal of Indian subcontinent. Very limited attempts have been made to identify canonical pathways and gene regulatory networks operating in buffalo mammary glands using high-throughput approaches like RNA sequencing (RNAseq). Such information is important in identifying unique transcriptomic signature of buffal...

Aim: The active domains (TIR and NACHT) of the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs: Toll-like receptors [TLRs] and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain [NOD]-like receptors [NLR], respectively) are the major hotspots of evolution as natural selection has crafted their final structure by substitution of residues over time. This paper addresses...

Aim Chronic exposure to indoxacarb and pulmonary expression of toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) in mice. Materials and Methods In this study, healthy male Swiss albino mice (n=30) aging 8-10 weeks were used to evaluate TLR-9 expression in lungs of mice following indoxacarb exposure with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Indoxacarb was administered...

The present study aimed at the assessment of the activities of some diagnostic enzymes in buffaloes environmentally exposed to arsenic contamination. Alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activity in plasma was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the arsenic exposed buffaloes compared to control....

Indoxacarb is commonly used to effectively control pests, cockroaches, termites, fleas, and houseflies. Although the toxicological profile of indoxacarb had already been well characterized, we examined the possible toxicological interaction with indoxacarb and endotoxin. Male Swiss albino mice (n=30) aged 8–10 weeks were orally administered indoxac...

The mammalian sex-chromosomes (X and Y) have evolved from autosomes and are involved in sex determination and reproductive traits. The Y-chromosome is the smallest chromosome that consists of 2-3% of the haploid genome and may contain between 70 and 200 genes. The Y-chromosome plays major role in male fertility and is suitable to study the evolutio...

Quantity of sRNA and miRNA in each sample checked on Agilent’s 2100 Bioanalyzer. (DOCX)

List of the known miRNAs (homologous to reported taurine miRNAs) identified in the bubaline PBMCs treated with TLR ligands vis-à-vis the respective control groups (DOCX)

List of known and novel miRNAs of TLR ligand stimulated and non-stimulated control samples having fold change more than 2. (DOCX)

List of potential target genes of differentially and uniquely expressed miRNAs in TLR ligand stimulated and non-stimulated control samples. (DOC)

List of the novel miRNAs (with respect to taurine miRNAs) identified in the bubaline PBMCs treated with TLR ligands vis-à-vis the respective control groups (DOCX)

List of the novel miRNAs that have hairpin sequences matched to the miRBase hairpin sequences (DOCX)

List of the novel miRNAs (with respect to taurine miRNAs) expressed commonly in all the groups of treatment and control. (DOCX)

The present study was conducted to investigate the expression of Toll like receptor (TLR) 9 in lungs of micefollowing acute ethion exposure with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The animals were divided into twogroups viz. treatment and control (n=10; each group). The treatment group-was administered ethion @8 mg kg-1body weight/day (1/5LD50) o...