C. P. Malik

Punjab Agricultural University | PAU · Department of Botany

Six Sigma is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement. The term ‘six sigma’ comes from statistics and is used in statistical quality control, which evaluates process capability. Six Sigma focuses on identifying and reducing variability in a process by measuring process performance and change effects. Originally, it referred to the abil...

Objective: The main aim of this study was to assess genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of different varieties of fenugreek (8 varieties and 6 populations) collected from northern India using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers). Methods: DNA Samples were analyzed with 400 RAPD and 100...

Fourteen accessions were collected from different locations in northern India. Seeds of defined varieties grown in Rajasthan were procured from the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan), India and were studied using start codon-targeted (SCoT) markers. A total of 36 SCoT primers were sc...

Brassica juncea L. (fam: Brassicaceae) is an important oilseed crop and known to be anodyne, aperitif, diuretic, emetic, rubefacient and stimulant. In the current investigation, CDDP primers were used to assess genetic diversity in its 15 varieties. Total genomic DNA (Deoxyribinucleic acid) was extracted by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, CTAB an...

Mass spectrometry has immerged in the field of analysis. Charge completion is a challenge while handling the electro spray ionisation (ESI) process. In this phenomenon at higher concentration of linear dynamics, area of higher standards decreases because of the saturation of response. During the in house method development of 3TC, charge completion...

In the current investigation, two Brassica juncea (L.) varieties were selected for sequencing of the polymorphic bands. The polymorphic and monomorphic varieties were used to elute the bands which were later sequenced and analysed for homology by using basic local search alignment tool (BLAST) analysis. The results indicated that the sequences obta...

Nanotechnology involves manipulating properties and structures at the nanoscale, often involving dimensions that are just tiny fractions of the width of a human hair. Its application as products in its passive form, such as cosmetics and sunscreens are already in an active stage, and some more new phases of products are expected in the coming decad...

The objective of the current study was to assess and establish intraspecific variation between three morphotypes of Cissus quadrangularis using ten Consensus Chloroplast Microsatellite Primers. Significant level of genetic variation was detected between the three morphotypes. Sequence analysis of the CCMP PCR fragment showed the high degree of simi...

Trachyspermum ammi is an aromatic plant which belongs to family Apiaceae. Its essential oil contains useful chemical constituents which are used in pharmaceuticals. Herbal formulation does not degrade its natural properties and has fewer side effects on any living organisms. Beside these industrial purposes, T. ammi has a number of pharmacological...

Fennel (F. vulgare Mill) is an important seed spice and one of the earliest known minor spices used by mankind. Fennel is widely distributed throughout the world and belongs to the Apiaceae family. It is an old medicinal plant and has been commonly used as a traditional food and medicine. Fennel seeds are used for their anti-inflammatory, antispasm...

Genetic diversity study was carried out in 15 varieties of Brassia juncea by using Start Codon Targeted (SCoT) and Consensus Chloroplast Microsatellite Primer (CCMP) markers. Total genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves following the standard CTAB method. A total of 36 SCoT primers and 10 CCMP primers were used for the analysis. The analysis r...

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT 96 garlic accessions assembled at Pune were evaluated using RAPD and ISSR markers to determine the genetic relationship among accessions exhibiting morphological variations. A total of 160 decamer RAPD and 100 ISSR primers were used, of these 20 RAPD and 14 ISSR primers showed good amplification and polymorphism. RAPD Primers...

The current book titled “New Techniques in Plant Breeding” has 9 chapters divisible in two Sections. The first section focuses on New plant breeding techniques in crop improvement through Reverse Breeding, Marker Assisted Selection, Use of Molecular Markers and through Non-coding RNAs in the regulation of gene expression. Second Section includes fo...

A study was undertaken to examine the influence of biogenic nanoparticles synthesized from Tridax procumbens on different parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, and various biochemical parameters in four Eruca sativa varieties having low percentage of germination. Seeds were treated with different concentrations (30 and 40 ppm) of biogeni...

Contents 1 What is New in Plant Sciences 1 C. P. Malik and Ritesh Kaur 2 Next Generation Sequencing: A Revolution In Gene Sequencing- Re Visited 69 Ritesh Kaur and Chander Parkash Malik 3 Recent Advances In Induced Resistance for Plant Disease Management: An Overview 111 Yumlembam Rupert Anand, Senjam Jinus Singh, Deepak Kumar Verma, Karthik Reddy...

Cissus quadrangularis is well known for its bone healing activity, and is known to differ for its Ca concentration over genotypes. In genetic diversity, morphovariant I and III make in same cluster and morphovariant II forms different cluster with similarity coefficient ranging from 0.34 to 0.65. FTIR analysis shows that there is not much differenc...

An LC–MS method for the determination of Valproate semisodium in human plasma was developed and validated. Sample preparation involved the protein precipitation method. Chromatographic separation was performed on Sunfire C18 5μm (150 X 4.6) mm column with the mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer::80:20 v/v. The int...

The paper describes meiotic abnormalities and their relationship with spindle mechanism in a morphological variant of Suaeda fruticosa Forsk. with n = 9. The chromosomes at metaphase I did not organise themselves at the equatorial region and were seen to lie scattered in groups of varying numbers. Pollen mother cells with chromosomes in one or two...

1. Karyological investigations of some twenty-four species in the Lolium-Festuca group were made as a preliminary to meiotic studies of selected species and hybrids. Comparative studies were made on relative length and arm ratio of all the chromosomes in the various species. The chromosomes with secondary constrictions were classified into sixteen...

The interrelationships of 4 Papaver species, compounded on x=7, were determined using several important components e.g. morphology, cytology, crossability and cytogenetic behaviour of their hybrids. In order to assess genomic affinities, meiotic metrics e.g. chiasmata frequency and ring bivalents per cell were compared. P. rhoeas and P. glaucum, pl...

The object of the present study was to gain additional information about the genomic structure of F. pratensis, F. arundinacea var. glaucescens, F. arundinacea (2 n = 42), F. Mairei and to confirm through chromosome pairing in these species and their interspecific hybrids the homologies suggested on karyotypic basis between their chromosome complem...

1. Meiotic chromosomes of seven species of the genus Rubus (x=7), two species of Spiraea (x=18) and one species of Potentilla (x=28) have been studied (vide Table 1).2. Spiraea and Potentilla species are tetraploid and octaploid respectivelly while all of the species of Rubus are diploid.3. Extranuclear bodies are seen in some species of Rubus and...

The present work embraces cytological studies on 12 species of Chenopodiaceae belonging to 6 genera, of which 5 species are investigated for the first time. The basic chromosome number in the family is concluded to be x = 9. Chenopodium album is a polymorphic species represented by three intraspecific races 2x, 4x, 6x in the area, all of which show...

A total of 16 accessions of Cissus quadrangularis L. collected from 7 states exhibited phenotypic variation and genetic diversity, and 3 morphovarinats were distinguished on the basis of stem morphology. Combined data of phenology, chemical analyses and molecular biology (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) and...

As a bioactive signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) is involved in multiple plant physiological responses. It regulates diverse biochemical processes in a concentration-dependent manner in plants. Different NO generators viz. sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetyl penici-llinamine (SNAP) and S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) have been reporte...

Herbs are known as a natural source of medicines as well as other commercial products and have gained attention for many reasons such as low price, no side effects, solutions for chronic diseases and many preventive approaches, etc. Out of 2, 50,000 higher plant species, 80,000 species are medicinal important plants. Cissus quadrangularis L. is one...

An LC-MS method for the determination of Niacin and its metabolite Nicotinuric acid in human plasma was developed and validated. Sample preparation involved the solid phase extraction method. Chromatographic separation was performed on Phenomenex Gemini NX,5μm 4.6 mm x 100 mm column with the mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: (5 mM ammonium a...

In the study, the present status, botany, cultivation, chemicals constituents and genetic diversity are described in an aromatic seed spice, Trachyspermum ammi L. Strategies for improvement are also discussed. Trachyspermum ammi is an annual herbaceous plant which has an aromatic chemical compounds. Molecular markers are used for study the genetic...

Now-a-days metal nanoparticles are potentially used as tools in the field of engineering and biological sciences as well as in industries and communication technologies. The important aspect of nanotechnology is to develop dependable, environmentally benign processes for the synthesis of nanoscale materials. Presently, we describe a cost-effective...

Germination is an important phenomenon in plant life cycle. It is an irreversible process. Germination studies give an idea about seed's performance. This study can be used to enhance the harvest of plants. Brasica juncea is an important oilseed crop. It is used as oil source and has medicinal values. In the present investigation, different germina...

To distinguish the taxa at the specific and varietal levels a range of DNA fingerprinting techniques are being employed. The objective of the current study was to establish the genetic correlation between the Trigonella-Melilotus complex i.e. M. indica, M. alba and Trigonella polyceratia using ten Consensus Chloroplast Microsatellite Primers (CCMPs...

Academic Affairs, JNU, Jaipur, has over five decades of experience of teaching and Research in Genetics, Molecular biology, Plant Physiology and Plant Biotechnology. He has authored and edited more than 30 books to his credit. He is recipient of several national awards and is Fellow of several academies included Indian National Science Academy (INS...

Garlic bulb is an important seasoning ingredient and used in countless world’s cuisines. Clonal lineages within this species exhibit high degree of phenotypic diversity in bulb size and colour. Present review describes morphology, taxonomy, chemistry, cultivation, medicinal properties, post harvest processing and biotechnological approaches for imp...

Nanotechnology is an emerging branch of science, which deals with the designing of tools and devices of size 1–100 nm, with unique functions at the cellular, atomic and molecular levels. It is a multidisciplinary field that has emerged due to the interaction of engineering, physics, chemistry and biology. This new field is a result of rapid advance...

Since old ages biotechnology was accomplished as fermentation in wine and vinegar production, although new biotechnologies or molecular biotechnology has evolved in later half of twentieth century. Molecular biology has advanced at an unprecedented speed in the history of technological development. Its growth curve is rising precipitously and this...

Nanotechnology has opened new opportunities in the field of medical sciences and pharmaceuticals. Commercially, nanoparticles are in great demand in electronics, catalysis, chemistry, energy, and medicine. Today in nanoparticle production green synthesis, using biological material including medicinal plants as a starting material, is in vogue. In t...

Nanotechnology has proved to be beneficial for its medical, ethical, mental, legal and environmental applications. It encompasses several fields, e.g., engineering, biology, chemistry, computing, material science, military applications and communications. The incumbent technology identifies unique properties of materials with dimension in the range...

Intensive oxidative processes occurring in human organisms lead to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage systemic cells and tissues. ROS are well recognised for playing a dual role, being both deleterious and beneficial species. They are mainly derived from oxygen (ROS) and generated in our body through various endogenous sys...

Seed dormancy is generally an undesirable characteristic in agricultural crops, in which germination is blocked by seed-related mechanisms. This state can be persuaded by environmental and/or maternal effects during seed development or can consist of various mechanisms, which halt continued development at any one of the steps essential for seed ger...

ISSR markers were used to evaluate the genetic variation among ten varieties of Coriander grown in Rajasthan. 10 ISSR primers produced 71 amplified bands of which 18 were polymorphic. The pair-wise Jaccard genetic similarity varied from 0.79-1 for ISSR data. The dendrogram was constructed using UPGMA method distinguishing 10 varieties in two cluste...

Several DNA fingerprinting techniques are used to evaluate the genetic relationship at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. RAPD and ISSR markers were used to estimate the genetic relationship among the three morphovariants of Cissus quadrangularis, an important medicinal plant collected from different geographical areas. The three morphovar...

The present paper describes the effect of homobrassinolide on growth, and antioxidative enzyme superoxide dismutase ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities in 15-d-old seedlings of Brassica juncea L. treated with Hg and Ni metals at different concentrations. Treatments decreased the seedlings growth, APX activity and increased the SOD and cata...

As a bioactive signal, nitric oxide (NO) is involved in multiple plant physiological responses. It regulates diverse biochemical processes in plants in a concentration-dependent manner. Different NO generators viz. sodium nitroprusside (SNP), S-nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitroso-L-glutathione (GSNO) have been reported but SNP is th...

The present study was conducted to develop an efficient protocol for rapid in vitro micropropagation by multiple shoot induction from nodal segment of Cissus quadrangularis, an important medicinal plant, on MS-medium supplemented with different concentration and combinations of kinetin, 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 6- benzylaminopurine and zeat...

Addition of PEG 6000 in the growth medium decreased the germination and growth of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L. cv. C-235 and BG-391) seedlings. Seedlings were subjected to MS medium as control, and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% PEG for 30 days. Evaluated traits in this study were invertase, β-amylase, acid phosphomonoesterase and protein. The results showed th...

A standard protocol for an efficient in vitro micropropagation of Pulicaria crispa, a medicinally important plant, was designed. The in vitro plantlet production was investigated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with various combinations of auxins and cytokinins. From nodal explants, maximum number of shoots (3 shoots) and beneficial shoot length...

Tobacco usage in India is contrary to world trends since chewing tobacco and the beedies are the dominant forms of tobacco consumption, whereas internationally the cigarette is the most prominent form of tobacco use. As tobacco use patterns and disease patterns vary considerably within India, the expected consequences of prolonged tobacco use will...

Nanotechnology aims to produce the materials at a nano scale. These materials or devices are used for the beneficial purposes while retaining their properties and functionality and the engineered nanomaterials have even enhanced properties as compared to the natural nanomaterials. Nanotechnology left no field untouched and brings a great revolution...

Studies (in vitro and field) were conducted to examine the photosynthetic status and associated pigments in induced water stress. For in vitro experiments, PEG treatments were given to impose different levels of water stress. Water stress reduced photosynthetic rate, Hill activity and chlorophylls content with increased levels of stress. Foliar app...

Effect of drought stress was studied at water potentials of 0.5, 1.5 and 5 bars (by using PEG-6000) on mung bean seed germination and seedling growth. In this investigation, percent germination, radical and plumule length, fresh and dry matter of mung bean seedlings were estimated. Effect of priming with aliphatic alcohols, Triacontanol (TRIA) and...

Within the genus Festuca successful crosses have been made between five species belonging to the sections Ovinae, Bovinae, and Scariosae. These hybrids revealed close affinity among some of the species and in many cases the success of a cross depended upon a compatible genotype. Genetic evidence is presented to account for the morphological variabi...

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of arsenic on various biochemical parameters, such as chlorophyll, carbohydrate content, free amino acids and molecules concerned with peroxidation (H2O2, MDA), proline, antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX) and invertase. Seeds were pre-hardened (HS) by presoaking in KNO3 for 6-8 h, dried at 25 °C. S...

In vitro effects of triacontanol (TRIA) on antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic characteristics were studied in Arachis hypogaea L. cultivars (M-13 and PBS24030). The in vitro impact of TRIA on multiplication potential was also evaluated, which was found to be best at 2.0 ml L-1 TRIA in combination with 6- Benzyl adenine (BA, 3 mg L-1) in both th...

The recent availability of masses of omic data is responsible for the major growth spurt of systems biology. ‘Omic’ technologies include genomics, transcriptomics (gene expression profiling), proteomics and metabolomics. Jatropha curcas is a promising source of future biodiesel. But the limited knowledge of the genetic base, poor yields on problema...

-1 ). Rooting of the excised shoots from secondary cultures was excellent on half- strength MS medium having 1 mg L -1 IBA. Micropropagated plants when transplanted on garden soil flowered after 6 - 8 weeks. Explants sampled during December had low percentage of bud break and less shoot number per explant. Epicuticular wax (EW) and cuticular transp...

Summary1. Non-photosynthetic fixation of CO2/HCO3- occurs both under light and dark conditions and involve the addition of carbon to substrates which in higher plants are derived originally from carbon reduced to carbohydrates during photosynthesis. Despite the endergonic nature of these carboxylations, the advantages offered seem to be sufficient...

A clonal propagation system has been standardized for Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. et Fernand., a medicinally important endemic plant . Callus induction was observed when short segments of inflorescence axis bearing flower bud and young shoot buds of Chlorophytum borivilianum was grown on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) medium supplemented with var...

Gibberellic acid (GA3) 20 mg 1−1 and (2-chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (Ethephon) 10 mg 1−1 enhanced pollen tube length in Crotalaria juncea L. GA3 markedly increased the activity of amylase, acid phosphatase and β-glucosidase and enhanced leaching of amylase and acid phosphatase enzymes. The rise in the activity level and leaching of amylase and aci...

Medicinal plants are the most important source of life saving drugs for the majority of the world's population. The biotechnological tools are important to select, multiply and conserve the critical genotypes of medicinal plants. Plant tissue culture techniques offer an integrated approach for the production of standardized quality phytopharmaceuti...

The fruit wall of Brassica oxyrrhina and B. tournefortii incorporated 97% of labelled 14CO2 after 30 sec in external feeding, whereas in seeds it was just 3 %. As the chase period increased, 14CO2 activity enhanced in developing seeds but declined in fruit wall suggesting that fixed carbon was translocated from siliqua wall to the developing seeds....

Fruit dry matter increased from 10 to 35DAA in both the wild species of Brassica. Initially, dry matter accumulation was higher in pod walls as compared to seeds but later it shifted to the seeds. In general, content of a,b and total chlorophyll was more in siliqua walls in contrast to that in seeds at all the stages of development. Total glucosino...

Germinating seeds of Vigna radiata (Linn) Wilczek cv. ML 311, with a radicle length of 5 mm, were subjected to a heat-shock episode of 50°C for 2 h followed by transfer to the normal temperature (28°C) for 3 days in the dark. Exogenous effects of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) on the recovery growth and membrane integrity of seed...

Analysis of different biochemical components revealed higher content of total soluble sugars and total free amino acids in the abscised flowers. Contrarily, the fully opened flowers had high starch and total soluble protein content. The per cent nitrogen was maximum in the abscised flowers of phase B. Ca 2+, K + and Mg 2+ levels were appreciably mo...

Aliphatic alcohols (AA) modified yield and yield components of okra, stimulated net photosynthetic rate (PN) and enhanced mobilization and efficient partitioning of photosynthates to the seeds. With AA the average number of seeds/fruit increased significantly over the control; sugar, amino acids and starch contents decreased and concomitantly the c...