C-M Castellani

ENEA | ENEA · Radiation Protection Institute - IRP - Bologna

Internal dose assessment intercomparison exercises are useful tools: to verify the performance of an Internal Dosimetry Service; to promote the harmonization of dose assessments; and to identify weaknesses where further improvements are necessary. However, no such international inter-comparisons have been performed for more than 10 years. In the pe...

The results obtained in a measurement campaign concerning the internal contamination by gamma emitting radionuclides of a large number of individuals are presented in this work. The aim is to assess the goodness of a spectrometric method in an emergency response following a nuclear power plant accident or a spread of radionuclides in the atmosphere...

One of the issues of the Open Project for the European Radiation Research Area (OPERRA) was human thyroid monitoring in case of a large scale nuclear accident. This issue was covered in task 5.4 as project “CaThyMARA” (Child and Adult Thyroid Monitoring After Reactor Accident), which included several aspects of thyroid monitoring, e.g. screening of...

In order to properly respond to an emergency caused by an accident in a nuclear power plant with a spread of radionuclides in the atmosphere, we propose a field procedure to perform a large-scale individual thyroid monitoring of internal contamination due to inhalation of 131I, by means of non-spectrometric equipment, in particular dose rate meters...

This report presents technical recommendations for individual monitoring of workers for occupational intakes of radionuclides. It aims at providing guidance on those aspects of the implementation of the provisions of the Euratom Basic Safety Standards Directive related to individual monitoring of internal exposures, and to encourage harmonisation a...

European Radiation Dosimetry Group (EURADOS) Working Group 7 is a network on internal dosimetry that brings together researchers from more than 60 institutions in 21 countries. The work of the group is organised into task groups that focus on different aspects, such as development and implementation of biokinetic models (e.g. for diethylenetriamine...

Per affrontare eventuali eventi emergenziali causati dall’utilizzo dell’arma radiologica come strumento di offesa o da incidenti nucleari di tipo nazionale o transfrontaliero, sono stati effettuati incontri conoscitivi tra l’Istituto di Radioprotezione dell’ENEA e il 7° reggimento difesa NBC “Cremona” dell'Esercito Italiano, con la finalità di real...

Dose assessment after intakes of radionuclides requires application of biokinetic and dosimetric models and assumptions about factors influencing the final result. In 2006, a document giving guidance for such assessment was published, commonly referred to as the IDEAS Guidelines. Following its publication, a working group within the European networ...

The TECHREC project, funded by the European Commission, will provide Technical Recommendations for Monitoring Individuals for Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides. It is expected that the document will be published by the European Commission as a report in its Radiation Protection Series during 2016. The project is coordinated by the European Radi...

ENEA – Istituto di Radioprotezione (IRP), irp@enea.it; 2 ENEA – Laboratorio di Sorveglianza Fisica e Ambientale (IRP-SFA), irp.sfa@enea.it; 3 ENEA – Laboratorio radioprotezione per impianti fusione nucleare e grandi acceleratori (IRP-FUAC), irp.fuac@enea.it. 597

L’Istituto di Radioprotezione ENEA (IRP) assicura la sorveglianza fisica di radioprotezione per tutte le attività con rischi da radiazioni ionizzanti all’interno dei centri di ricerca ENEA, con lo scopo principale di tutelare la salute dei lavoratori, della popolazione e dell’ambiente. Per garantire il migliore servizio nell’affrontare tutte le pro...

EURADOS working group on 'Internal Dosimetry (WG7)' represents a frame to develop activities in the field of internal exposures as coordinated actions on quality assurance (QA), research and training. The main tasks to carry out are the update of the IDEAS Guidelines as a reference document for the internal dosimetry community, the implementation a...

EURADOS working group on 'Internal Dosimetry (WG7)' represents a frame to develop activities in the field of internal exposures as coordinated actions on quality assurance (QA), research and training. The main tasks to carry out are the update of the IDEAS Guidelines as a reference document for the internal dosimetry community, the implementation a...

A training course named ‘European Radiation Dosimetry Group/International Atomic Energy Agency Advanced Training Course on Internal Dose Assessment’ was held in Czech Technical University in Prague from 2 to 6 February 2009. The course, jointly organised by the two organisations, had the aim of providing guidance on the application of IDEAS guideli...

The work of Task Group 5.1 (uncertainty studies and revision of IDEAS guidelines) and Task Group 5.5 (update of IDEAS databases) of the CONRAD project is described. Scattering factor (SF) values (i.e. measurement uncertainties) have been calculated for different radionuclides and types of monitoring data using real data contained in the IDEAS Inter...

The CONRAD Project is a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission 6th Framework Programme. The activities developed within CONRAD Work Package 5 (‘Coordination of Research on Internal Dosimetry’) have contributed to improve the harmonisation and reliability in the assessment of internal doses. The tasks carried o...

The EUropean RAdiation DOSimetry Group (EURADOS) initiated in 2005 the CONRAD Project, a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission (EC), within the 6th Framework Programme (FP). The main purpose of CONRAD is to generate a European Network in the field of Radiation Dosimetry and to promote both research activities...

The IDEAS Guidelines for the assessment of internal doses from monitoring data suggest default measurement uncertainties (i.e. scattering factors, SFs) to be used for different types of monitoring data. However, these default values were mainly based upon expert judgement. In this paper, SF values have been calculated for different radionuclides an...

The need for harmonisation of the procedures for internal dose assessment has been recognised within an EU research project under the 5th Framework Programme. The aim of the IDEAS project was to develop general guidelines for standardising assessments of intakes and internal doses. It started in October 2001 and ended in June 2005. The project is c...

The EUropean RAdiation DOSimetry Group (EURADOS) initiated in 2005 the CONRAD Project, a Coordinated Network for Radiation Dosimetry funded by the European Commission (EC), within the 6th Framework Programme (FP). The main purpose of CONRAD is to generate a European Network in the field of Radiation Dosimetry and to promote both research activities...

As part of the EU Fifth Framework Programme IDEAS project ‘General Guidelines for the Evaluation of Incorporation Monitoring Data’, and in collaboration with the International Atomic Energy Agency, a new intercomparison exercise for the assessment of doses from intakes of radionuclides was organised. Several cases were selected, to cover a wide ran...

An Internet based intercomparison exercise on assessment of occupational exposure due to intakes of radionuclides has been performed to check the applicability of the 'General Guidelines for the Assessment of Internal Dose from Monitoring Data' developed by the IDEAS group. There were six intake cases presented on the Internet and 81 participants w...

In radiation protection dosimetry the quantity of interest is the effective dose (E); the dose limit to an adult worker applies to the sum of the relevant doses from external exposures and the relevant committed effective doses from intakes of radionuclides, during the same period of time. A EURADOS study was carried out to investigate how the resu...

In recent major international intercomparison exercises on intake and internal dose assessments from monitoring data, the results calculated by different participants varied significantly. Based on this experience the need for harmonisation of the procedures has been formulated within an EU 5th Framework Programme research project. The aim of the p...

In the scope of the IDEAS project to develop General Guidelines for the Assessment of Internal Dose from Monitoring data, two databases were compiled. The IDEAS Bibliography database contains references dealing with problems related to cases of internal contamination. The IDEAS Internal Contamination Database now contains more than 200 cases of int...

Once the EC Directive 96/29 has been implemented into national regulation across Europe, the coordination of dosimetry laboratories for the monitoring of occupational exposures becomes the principal aim to achieve. Within this framework the European Radiation Dosimetry Group, EURADOS, carried out an Action on ‘Harmonisation of Individual Monitoring...

Following the publication of the EU Council Directive 96/29, EURADOS coordinated two working groups (WGs) for promoting the process of harmonisation on individual monitoring of occupationally exposed persons in Europe. An overview of the major findings of the second WG is presented. Information on the technical and quality standards and on the accr...

In recent major international intercomparison exercises on intake and internal dose assessments from monitoring data, the results calculated by different participants varied significantly. This was mainly due to the broad variety of methods and assumptions applied in the assessment procedure. Based on these experiences the need for harmonisation of...

The catalogue of dosemeters and dosimetric services within the European Union (EU) Member States and Switzerland that was issued by EURADOS in the year 2000 has been updated and extended with information on dosimetric services in the new EU Member States and Bulgaria, Croatia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, and Ukraine. The total number of dosimet...

The European Radiation Dosimetry Group, EURADOS, established a working group consisting of experts whose aim is to assist in the process of harmonisation of individual monitoring as part of the protection of occupationally exposed workers. A catalogue of facilities and internal dosimetric techniques related to individual monitoring in Europe has be...

Part of the action of the EURADOS working group (European Radiation Dosimetry Group) on "Harmonisation of Individual Monitoring in Europe" was to investigate how the results from personal dosemeters for external radiation, from monitoring for internal exposure and from workplace monitoring, can be combined into a complete and consistent system of i...

A revised model of molybdenum biokinetics in humans was recently developed on the basis of experimental data gathered in specific investigations conducted with stable tracers. The model can be used for radiation protection purposes, and it is also a suitable working tool for designing new investigations aimed at further improvements to the model. F...

When a set of bioassay data is given to two different dosimetrists, it is likely that these data will be interpreted differently, that different methods and dosimetric models will be applied and therefore different numerical values will be obtained. Thus, it is important for laboratories dealing with internal dosimetry to undergo performance testin...

In 2001, the Radiation Protection Institute of ENEA promoted an Italian intercomparison exercise on internal dose assessment addressed to the qualified experts in radiation protection, following the coming into force in Italian law of the EURATOM 96/29 Directive. Five case studies of occupational exposure related to the Italian situation are used....

Several international inter-comparison exercises on intake and internal dose assessments from monitoring data led to the conclusion that the results calculated by different participants varied significantly, mainly due to the broad variety of methods and assumptions applied in the assessment procedure. Based on these experiences, the need of harmon...

The EURADOS Working Group II on 'Harmonisation of individual monitoring' consists of experts from almost all EU Member States and Newly Associated States (NAS), involved in tasks related to the assessment of doses for internal and external radiation. The final objective is to achieve harmonisation in individual monitoring for occupational exposures...

An intercalibration campaign has been carried out in Italy aimed at evaluating and comparing the performances of NaI(Tl), phoswich and HPGe based detector systems for measurement of transuranic elements (241Am and 239Pu) in lungs. For the calibration, a Livermore realistic chest phantom was used. On the basis of a proposed procedure for MDA evaluat...

In recent years a cooperation agreement has been established between Austrian, Italian and Hungarian institutions to check and improve performances of WBC laboratories operating in these countries. In this context the KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute from Budapest, Hungary, and the ENEA Institute for Radiation Protection from Bologna, Italy, o...

In May 1991 a joint technical-scientific body (named MIDIA co-ordination) which serves as reference for in vivo measurements of internal contamination was set up. It encompasses all whole body counter (WBC) centres operating in Italy for radiation-protection purposes. During the first half of 1992, MIDIA programmed the first WBC calibration and int...

Two series of internal contamination measurements were performed on children from Byelorussia by means of whole body and urine counting. The body contamination was related to 134Cs and 137Cs emitted in the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station on April 26, 1986. The data have been analysed in order to have an experimental estimation of th...

Two series of internal contamination measurements were performed on children from Byelorussia by means of whole body and urine counting. The body contamination was related to ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs emitted in the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station on April 26, 1986. The data have been analysed in order to have an experimental estimation of th...

A synthesis of the data concerning the distribution and behaviour over time until September 1989 of 134Cs and 137Cs human contamination deriving from the accident to Unit 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station on 26 April 1986, is presented. The controls have been performed by means of two intercalibrated whole-body counters on healthy adult male...

The Radiation Protection Institute activities related to individual monitoring both for external and internal exposure to ionizing radiation are presented. In the field of external dosimetry the "Individual Monitoring Service for external exposure" performs activities inside the Laboratory for dosimetry, protection from natural radionuclides and ca...