C Lynn Skay

Carol L Skay Associates

Aims and objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine how patients' symptom experiences of muscle tightness correlate with examiner assessments. To address this question, we (1) obtained the vocabularies used by patients and examiners to describe muscle tightness, (2) correlated patient- reported Visual Analog Scale ratings for locations...

Purpose: This study examined the effectiveness of a universal pressure ulcer prevention bundle (UPUPB) applied to intensive care unit (ICU) patients combined with proactive, semiweekly WOC nurse rounds. The UPUBP was compared to a standard guideline with referral-based WOC nurse involvement measuring adherence to 5 evidence-based prevention interv...

The objective of this study was to describe prevalent informal sources of information about sex and examine associations between informal sources of information about sex and sexual risk outcomes among sexually experienced adolescents. Work involved the secondary analysis of data from the Minnesota Student Survey, a statewide survey to monitor prio...

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between changes in adolescent perception of risk for early death over time and behavioral and life outcomes in young adulthood. This is a secondary data analysis of 7202 respondents participating in waves 1 (1995), 2 (1996), and 3 (2001-2002) of the in-home interviews from the National Longi...

Multifaceted, sustained efforts are needed to reduce early pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases among high-risk adolescents. An important area for research is testing youth development interventions offered through clinic settings, where access to high-risk adolescents is plentiful and few efforts have rigorously evaluated a dual approach of...

US teens overestimate risk for early death. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with an adolescent's change from early death perception to a belief in living into adulthood. Data are from 9140 adolescents participating in waves 1 (1995) and 2 (1996) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Logistic regressio...

Few existing studies have considered influences of adolescents' sexual partners on contraceptive consistency. This study examines the influence of personal characteristics, partner characteristics, and relationship factors on consistency of contraceptive use among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescent girls at high risk for pregnancy and sexua...

Adolescent perception of premature risk for death is a cause of great concern. This study identified individual and environmental characteristics of youth expressing perception of premature risk for death. Data are from Waves 1 (1995) and 3 (2001-2002) of the in-home interviews from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The study sa...

This study examined the ability of adolescent connection in family and community contexts to promote an aspect of healthy youth development and transition into adulthood, civic engagement. Data are from Wave 1 (1995) and Wave 3 (2001-2002) of the in-home interviews from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. The sample for this study...

We compared protective factors among bisexual adolescents with those of heterosexual, mostly heterosexual, and gay or lesbian adolescents. We analyzed 6 school-based surveys in Minnesota and British Columbia. Sexual orientation was measured by gender of sexual partners, attraction, or self-labeling. Protective factors included family connectedness,...

Background: Increasing rates of mental health problems among Latino adolescents require understanding that can inform effective culturally meaningful interventions. Similar to other adolescents, Latino youth rely on adult family members to access preventive or treatment mental health services; therefore, accurate understanding of mental health prob...

Background: Latino youth have high rates of untreated mental health problems resulting in depression, suicide attempts, and long-term consequences including school drop-out, unintended pregnancy, and maladaptive coping behaviors (substance use, deviance). Purposes: To 1) describe Latino adolescents' and adults' knowledge of community resources fo...

To examine the likelihood of a past suicide attempt for urban American Indian boys and girls, given salient risk and protective factors. Survey data from 569 urban American Indian, ages 9-15, in-school youths. Logistic regression determined probabilities of past suicide attempts. For girls, suicidal histories were associated with substance use (ris...

Background: Latino youth experience disproportionate rates of mental health problems including suicide and depression. Better understanding of underlying risk and protective factors on the part of school-based health professionals, teachers, and health care providers in their lives is warranted. The aims of this secondary analysis of 2004 Minnesot...

This study examines the ability of brief screening questions to identify adolescent girls at high risk for sexually transmitted infections and teen pregnancy. Participants included 103 sexually active 13-year-old to 17-year-old girls recruited from adolescent clinics who (1) were identified as at risk for negative sexual health outcomes through res...

The Institute of Medicine recommends school-based body mass index (BMI) screening as an obesity prevention strategy. While school nurses have provided height/weight screening for years, little has been published describing measurement reliability or process. This study evaluated the reliability of height/weight measures collected by school nurses a...

Over the past decade, several large-scale school-based studies of adolescents in Canada and the U.S. have documented health disparities for lesbian, gay and bisexual teens compared to their heterosexual peers, such as higher rates of suicide attempts, homelessness, and substance use. Many of these disparities have been linked to "enacted stigma," o...

The practice of Faith Community Nursing (FCN) also known as Parish Nursing has increased rapidly in the last two decades. In 2005, the American Nurses Association published Faith community nursing: scope and standards of practice. The literature comparing FCN and public health or community nursing suggests similarities in practice. Few research stu...

Background: Despite challenges associated with acculturation, recently immigrated Latino youth demonstrate lower rates of depressive symptoms than US born Latino youth. Acculturation to US mainstream culture may negatively affect the mental health of Latino youth. Purpose: To examine the mediating or moderating roles of coping on depression among L...

To encourage dual contraceptive method use--protection from both STD and pregnancy--health behavior change efforts must target powerful risk and protective factors that are amenable to change. This study examines longitudinal relationships between adolescents' contraceptive-related cognitions and dual method use. Data are from 1123 sexually active...

This study explored the prevalence, disparity, and cohort trends in suicidality among bisexual teens vs. heterosexual and gay/lesbian peers in 9 population-based high school surveys in Canada and the U.S. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to calculate age-adjusted odds ratios separately by gender; 95% confidence intervals tested cohort tr...

We explored HIV risk behaviors, sexual orientation, and sexual abuse among 5 school-based cohorts in Seattle, Wash (SEA95 and SEA99:N=7477 and N=6590), and British Columbia (BC92, BC98, and BC03 [weighted]: N=239975, N=281576, and N=265132). An HIV risk scale of 7 items assessed risky sexual behaviors and injection drug use. Self-identified sexual...

Social-psychological theories of health behavior suggest that adolescents' sexual behaviors are influenced by the sexual attitudes and behaviors of their friends. Data on 2,436 participants in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) who were sexually inexperienced at Wave 1 (1994-1995) were analyzed to examine whether frie...

Some studies suggest lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) teens are at higher risk than peers for violence at home, in school, and in the community. That can bring them into the child welfare system or services for runaway and homeless teens. This study compared self-reported experiences of sexual and physical abuse based on sexual orientation and gend...

To predict the likelihood of violence perpetration given various combinations of the most statistically salient risk and protective factors related to violence perpetration. Urban Indian Youth Health Survey, conducted from October 9, 1995, to March 30, 1998, consisting of 200 forced-choice items exploring values, cultural identity, relationships, d...

To examine the performance of various items measuring sexual orientation within 8 school-based adolescent health surveys in the United States and Canada from 1986 through 1999. Analyses examined nonresponse and unsure responses to sexual orientation items compared with other survey items, demographic differences in responses, tests for response set...

Conclusions: While it is too soon to determine effectiveness of the Prime Time intervention we have demonstrated that this youth development approach is feasible and acceptable to teenage girls from disadvantaged social contexts seeking primary care health services. We have also shown our ability to recruit and retain young women from target clinic...

A recent study found a disproportionate number of pregnancies among Euro-American lesbian and bisexual adolescents compared to heterosexual peers. American Indian adolescents have reported higher prevalence of gay/lesbian/bisexual orientations than Euro-Americans; do they also report higher prevalence of pregnancy? The study assessed prevalence of...

Self-report of sexual orientation and sexual behavior was compared for 12,978 reservation-based American-Indian and 11,356 rural Anglo-American adolescents. Findings included a significantly higher prevalence of homosexual, bisexual, and unsure responses among American Indians. However, a larger non-response rate for American-Indian adolescents rai...

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate maternal self-efficacy and its relationship to maternal perception of the child's self-management of diabetes. The influence of conflict between mother and child was also examined. One hundred and four mothers of children, ages 8 to 17 years, who were attending summer diabetes camp, were asked to...

Examined the relationships among procrastination, efficacy expectations, anxiety, gender, and age for 141 university students (ages 18–54 yrs). The study was concerned with the extent to which procrastination could be predicted by variables theoretically or empirically tied to the construct. Participants were asked to think about a major project an...

This study identified three factors that influenced extended hospital stay in medically stable children dependent on medical technology. A retrospective review of 50 charts in a level II nursery was conducted. Bivariate analysis identified factors contributing to extended stay: parental factors, societal factors, health care factors, and presence o...

Selected client and counselor variables affecting reported likelihood of self‐disclosure by 120 experienced clinicians in relation to four scenarios were examined. Variables included client age and diagnosis and counselor gender, experience, and exposure to disclosing counselors in their own experience of counseling. Disclosure likelihood was great...

To explore the covariation of risk behaviors in a national sample of American Indian reservation-based youth using listwise principal components factor analysis and to determine how these risk behaviors may vary by age and sex. Analysis of data from the National Indian Adolescent Health Survey, a validated anonymous self-report questionnaire of 162...

This study compared mothers' and fathers' perceptions of their children's self-management of diabetes. Participants included a subsample of 29 paired parents of children and youth with diabetes, ages 8-14, who attended a diabetes camp in the Midwest. Parents completed a self-report structured questionnaire that included content specific to self-man...

The use of a cross-sectional sample of nursing home residents rather than a sample of admissions to estimate admission characteristics carries a potential bias. The purpose of this study was to fill this void by comparing abstracted records data for an admissions cohort (n = 1,118) and a residents cohort (n = 830) residing in the same nursing homes...

Discusses 2 alternatives to the factor model for test or item responses. From the 2 alternative models, proximity measures are derived so that the proximity measures are within an additive constant of squared euclidean distances between item or test parameters. Hence, multidimensional scaling (MDS) can be used to estimate the item parameters in the...

This article discusses 2 alternatives to the factor model for test or item responses. From the two alternative models, proximity measures are derived so that the proximity measures are within an additive constant of squared euclidean distances between item or test parameters. Hence, multidimensional scaling (MDS) can be used to estimate the item pa...

We conducted a quasi-experiment to evaluate the impact of a Medicare waiver which allowed the use of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians assistants (PAs) to deliver primary care to Massachusetts nursing home patients and removed the limits on the reimbursable numbers of visits per month. A carefully matched set of 1,327 Medicaid patients from...

This study evaluated the impact of geriatric nurse practitioners (GNP) employed by nursing homes on quality of patient care and residents' outcomes during a 12-month study period. Quality of care was assessed in standardized interviews of 525 residents in five nursing homes with GNPs and 323 residents in five other nursing homes without GNPs. Each...

The career paths of geriatric nurse practitioners (GNPs) trained with support from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation through the Mountain States Health Corporation (MSHC) were studied. Under this program, GNPs were recruited from sponsoring nursing homes and returned to GNP positions in the sponsoring facilities following training. Training was carried...

We compared measures of quality of care and health services utilization in 30 nursing homes employing geriatric nurse practitioners with those in 30 matched control homes. Information for this analysis came from reviews of samples of patient records drawn at comparable periods before and after the geriatric NPs were employed. The measures of geriat...

Some studies suggest lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) teens are at higher risk than peers for violence at home, in school, and in the community. That can bring them into the child welfare system or services for runaway and homeless teens. This study compared self-reported experiences of sexual and physical abuse based on sexual orientation and gend...