Byoung-Keon Daniel Park

University of Michigan | U-M · Transportation Research Institute

Statistical body shape models (SBSM) provide compact, flexible representations of body shape that can be implemented in design software. However, few SBSMs have been created to represent adults in supported seated postures that are relevant for the design of seated environments, and none has incorporated the effects of age. This paper presents an S...

Modeling the shape of the scalp and face is essential for the design of protective helmets and other head-borne equipment. However, head anthropometry studies using optical scanning rarely capture scalp shape because of hair interference. Data on scalp shape is available from bald men, but female data are generally not available. To address this is...

Whole-body surface scanning technology has revolutionized anthropometry, providing an efficient way to capture detailed body characteristics. Scanning protocols generally require minimally-clad subjects, thus obtaining a body model from a scan of a person with normal clothing still remains a challenge. The current study aims to estimate body shape...

Head injury is the leading cause of fatality and long-term disability for children. Pediatric heads change rapidly in both size and shape during growth, especially for children under 3 years old (YO). To accurately assess the head injury risks for children, it is necessary to understand the geometry of the pediatric head and how morphologic feature...

We present a new method for rapidly measuring child body shapes from noisy, incomplete data captured from low-cost depth cameras. This method fits the data using a statistical body shape model (SBSM) to find a complete avatar in the realistic body shape space. The method also predicts a set of standard anthropometric data for a specific subject wit...

Recent advancements in vehicle automation and driver-assistance systems that detect pavement markings has increased the importance of the detectability of pavement markings through various sensor modalities across weather and road conditions. Among the sensing techniques, light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have become popular for vehicle-a...

Reducing the number of design changes in vehicle seat development is critical for minimizing both production cost and product lead time. Generally, discrepancies in measured dimensional specifications of vehicle-seat prototypes and computer-aided design (CAD) models cause significant quality control issues of the finished products. Although three-d...

The scalp shape is one of the critical factors determining the proper fit for personalized helmets and other head-borne products. Three-dimensional (3D) surface scanning technology enables accurate capture of the 3D shape of an individual’s face, but most head scans do not capture the scalp shape due to hair artifacts because the typical scanning s...

Vehicle-seat dimensions measured at specific cross-sections have been historically utilized as shape determinants to evaluate a driver’s seat fit. The present study is intended to quantify the relationships between seat fits and the seat dimensions for designing an ergonomic vehicle seat. Eight seat engineers evaluated seat fits for 54 different dr...

This study presents an improved version of three-dimensional (3D) marker-less head-tracking method published previously. The new method improves the reliability of the technique and also minimizing the required manual procedure. A time-of-flight depth camera, Microsoft Kinect V2, was utilized to obtain infrared images with depth information at the...

Objective To define static, dynamic, and cognitive fit and their interactions as they pertain to exosystems and to document open research needs in using these fit characteristics to inform exosystem design. Background Initial exosystem sizing and fit evaluations are currently based on scalar anthropometric dimensions and subjective assessments. As...

Objective: Studies of vehicle occupant motions in response to abrupt vehicle maneuvers have demonstrated movements that may result in changes in the level of protection for the occupant if a crash subsequently occurs. The previous studies have typically used a single vehicle. The current study assesses whether the patterns of occupant head movement...

Vehicle interiors are complex human-machine interfaces, posing substantial design challenges, particularly when the vehicle is also a workplace. These challenges are compounded by the wide variability in human size, shape, and preference. For law-enforcement officers, firefighters, soldiers, and other workers, specialized clothing or body borne gea...

This paper presents a new accommodation assessment method for vehicle occupants using a statistical body shape model in an augmented reality (AR) environment. Vehicle occupant accommodation assessment is an important aspect of vehicle interior design. Variability in body dimensions of the target population is a key component in determining the over...

Objective: A test track study was conducted to quantify patterns of adult front seat passenger head motion during abrupt vehicle maneuvers. Method: Eighty-seven men and women with a wide range of body sizes and ages participated in data collection on a closed test track in a passenger sedan under manual control by a test driver. Because a primary g...

Head injury is the leading cause of paediatric death, disability, and Emergency Department visits in the United States. Current paediatric head injury assessment tools are developed primarily based on the scaled adult responses, despite anatomical differences between child and adult heads. The goal of this study was to establish a new paradigm for...

Objective: The shape of the current physical and computational surrogates of children used for restraint system assessments are based largely on standard anthropometric dimensions. These scalar dimensions provide valuable information on the overall size of the individual, but do not provide good guidance on shape or posture. This study introduced...

Background: Few tools exist to quantify body mass index visually. Objective: To examine the inter-rater reliability and validity (sensitivity and specificity for overweight/obesity and obesity) of a three-dimensional visual rating system to quantify body mass index (BMI) in young children. Methods: Children (n = 242, mean age 5.9 years, 50.0%...

Computer vision has already impacted a diverse field of applications, ranging from industrial robotics, intelligent and autonomous vehicles, security surveillance, manufacturing inspection, and human-computer interaction. Furthermore, digital imaging technologies are advancing ever smaller in size, finer in granularity, and faster in processing, wh...

Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is widely used to treat unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee caused by degenerative deformations of the anatomical axes of the leg. However, since it is difficult to accurately plan the surgical adjustment degrees such as coronal correction angle and tibial posterior slope angle in order to align t...

A statistical body shape model (SBSM) for children was developed for generating a child body shape with desired anthropometric parameters. A standardised template mesh was fit to whole-body laser scan data from 137 children aged 3-11 years. The mesh coordinates along with a set of surface landmarks and 27 manually measured anthropometric variables...

Ergonomic analysis of industrial tasks is often conducted through the use of human figure modeling software, such as the Jack software from Siemens. Typically, figures are scaled by inputting overall anthropometric dimensions, such as stature, body weight, and erect sitting height. This paper presents a method for rapidly generating a figure that m...

This paper presents a novel morphing method for parameterizing patient-specific femur models based on femoral biomechanical functions. The proposed function-based morphing (FBM) method aims to provide a robust way to independently morph each partial functional region of the target femur structure by simply assigning the given functional parameters...

Opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) is widely used to treat unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee caused by degenerative deformations of the anatomical axes of the leg. However, since it is difficult to accurately plan the surgical degrees of adjustment such as coronal correction angle and tibial posterior slope angle to align the axe...

The configuration of a musculoskeletal (MS) system is closely related to the individual motions of the human body. Many researches have been focused on evaluating the associations between the MS configuration and the individual motion using patient-specific MS models, but it still remains a challenging issue to accurately predict the motion by diff...

The sharing of finite element analysis (FEA) data during the design process is a key requirement for success in collaborative design environments. However, compared to other fields like computer-aided design (CAD), sharing FEA data using a standardized neutral format remains relatively inefficient because the format must accommodate a wide range of...

In medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO), researchers have reported critical problems caused by unexpected changes in the tibial posterior-slope angle. This unexpected change can be analyzed, but there is no general solution for cases with an oblique hinge axis and cut plane. We propose a general analysis model for OWHTO. We first eval...

It has been reported that the femoral morphology has a major correlation to femoral neck fractures(FNF). Previous studies to analyze these correlations have relied on mechanical testing and finite element methods. However, these methods have not been widely applied to various femur samples and models. It is because of the availability of the sample...

Similarity assessment of a CAD model is one of important issues from the aspect of model re-using. In real practice, many new mechanical parts are designed by modifying existing ones. The reuse of part enables to save design time and efforts for the designers. Design time would be further reduced if there were an efficient way to search for existin...

The morphology of a bone is closely associated with its biomechanical response. Thus, much research has been focused on analyzing the effects of variation of bone morphology with subject-specific models. Subject-specific models, which are generally achieved from 3D imaging devices like CT and MRI, incorporate more of the detailed information that m...

In the manufacturing industries, CAE analysis results are frequently required during the product development process for design verification. CAE data which include all related information of an analysis is, however, not efficiently shared among engineers because CAE data size is in general very large to deal with. At first, we represent a proposed...

A torque converter, connected to a transmission/transaxle input shaft, connects, multiplies and interrupts the flow of engine torque into the transmission. Damper springs are usually equipped in a torque converter to convert stably the torque power supplied from engine. Damper Springs generally have the most flexible design variables among vehicle...