Bushberg Jerrold

• MS., PhD, FAAPM, FABSNM, FHPS
• Professor at University of California, Davis

U.S. physicians in multiple specialties who order or conduct radiological procedures lack formal radiation science education and thus sometimes order procedures of limited benefit or fail to order what is necessary. To this end, a multi-disciplinary expert group propose an introductory broad-based radiation science educational program for U.S. medi...

BackgroundA gap exists between the number of patients on the national organ transplant waiting list and the number of transplants performed. Victims of drug and overdose-related death are increasingly utilized as organ donors. We sought to evaluate the suitability of organs from drug and overdose-related death for organ transplantation. This study...

This COMAR Technical Information Statement (TIS) addresses health and safety issues concerning exposure of the general public to radiofrequency (RF) fields from 5G wireless communications networks, the expansion of which started on a large scale in 2018 to 2019. 5G technology can transmit much greater amounts of data at much higher speeds for a vas...

The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) held its 55 Annual Meeting 1-2 April 2019 in Bethesda, Maryland. The 2019 meeting was a special year for NCRP as it marked the 90 Anniversary of the founding of the predecessor organization, US Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection. Leaders for the scientific portion o...

The newly released IEEE Std C95.1™-2019 defines exposure criteria and associated limits for the protection of persons against established adverse health effects from exposures to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields, in the frequency range 0 Hz to 300 GHz. The exposure limits apply to persons permitted in restricted environments and to th...

Effective dose (E) is a risk-adjusted dosimetric quantity developed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. It is a key metric for practical management of the risk of stochastic health effects in a comprehensive radiation protection program. The International Commission on Radiological Protection and others have emphasized repea...

Beginning around 1400 BCE, cinnabar (HgS) was highly valued and widely traded in prehispanic Peru. A review of the ethnohistoric and archaeological evidence suggests that this mercury ore was mainly used in powdered form as a face and/or body paint on special occasions and that its application was sometimes limited by gender, age and class. Scholar...

To the Editor The Viewpoint on the history of The Joint Commission’s pain standards¹ presented 4 lessons the organization learned to help address the current opioid epidemic. However, we believe that these lessons do not go far enough in evaluating The Joint Commission’s involvement in the opioid epidemic.

The LifeWave Ultra-Wideband RF sensor (LWUWBS) is a monitoring solution for a variety of physiologic assessment applications, including maternal fetal monitoring in both the antepartum and intrapartum periods. The system uses extremely low power radio frequency (RF) ultra-wide band (UWB) signals to provide continuous fetal heart rate and contractio...

Articles in the scientific literature and lay press over the past several years have implied that computed tomography (CT) may cause cancer and that physicians and patients must exercise caution in its use. Although there is broad agreement on the latter point - unnecessary medical tests of any type should always be avoided - there is considerable...

This Technical Information Statement describes Smart Meter technology as used with modern electric power metering systems and focuses on the radio frequency (RF) emissions associated with their operation relative to human RF exposure limits. Smart Meters typically employ low power (-1 W or less) transmitters that wirelessly send electric energy usa...

The many reports and other authoritative documents developed and published by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) have been of great service to the nation and the radiation protection community since its Congressional charter was signed into law 50 y ago. There will be a continuing need for NCRP to identify the prin...

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At dose levels of (approximately) 500 mSv or more, increased cancer incidence and mortality have been clearly demonstrated. However, at the low doses of radiation used in medical imaging, the relationship between dose and cancer risk is not well established. As such, assumptions about the shape of the dose-response curve are made. These assumptions...

Availability, reliability, and technical improvements have led to continued expansion of computed tomography (CT) imaging. During a CT scan, there is substantially more exposure to ionizing radiation than with conventional radiography. This has led to questions and critical conclusions about whether the continuous growth of CT scans should be subje...

Availability, reliability, and technical improvements have led to continued expansion of computed tomography (CT) imaging. During a CT scan, there is substantially more exposure to ionizing radiation than with conventional radiography. This has led to questions and critical conclusions about whether the continuous growth of CT scans should be subje...

This article reviews The Essential Physics of Medical Imaging, Third Edition. by J. T. Bushberg, J. A. Seibert, E. M. Leidholdt, J. M. Boone

The Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR) is a technical committee of the Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). Its primary area of interest is biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, including radiofrequency (RF) energy. The public interest in poss...

Recent world events have increased concern that hospitals must be prepared for radiological emergencies. Emergency departments (EDs) must be ready to treat patients suffering from injuries in combination with radiation exposure or contamination with radioactive material. Every hospital should have a Radiological Emergency Medical Response Plan, tes...

Open magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems enable performing image-guided medical procedures for long periods of time very close to, or inside, the patient imaging area. Medical personnel can be exposed to relatively high static, gradient, and radiofrequency fields compared to most other MRI systems. The Committee on Man and Radiation of the Ins...

Scitation is the online home of leading journals and conference proceedings from AIP Publishing and AIP Member Societies

The diagnostic information in a radiograph or fluoroscopic image is largely the result of the quantity of x rays that are not removed from the incident x-ray beam. The information content of the image is delivered by the percentage of noninteracting photons that are successfully recorded. There are four major x-ray interactions: Rayleigh (coherent)...

To prospectively evaluate the ability for immunoscintigraphy with monoclonal antibody CYT-103 labeled with indium 111 to detect tumor presence in 15 patients with ovarian cancer undergoing second-look surgery. Prospective, open-label, nonrandomized trial. Hospital-based nuclear medicine facility and operating room. Patients with previous ovarian ca...

High-level fluoroscopic boost options that exceed conventional exposure limits are available as a means of reducing quantum mottle during angiography. Federal law does not specify exposure limits for such high-level controls but requires specific means of activation to safeguard against inadvertent use. The American Association of Physicists in Med...

Nonradiolabeled methylene diphosphonate (MDP) was administered intravenously to CFW Swiss outbred female mice 2 hr prior to i.v. injection of [67Ga]citrate. The dose of MDP ranged from that usually administered for bone scanning (17.9 micrograms/kg) to 1,000 times the usual bone scan dose (17.9 mg/kg). The animals were killed 24 hr after administra...

Mid-shaft fractures of the radius and ulna were produced in 3 to 4 kg New Zealand white rabbits and quantitative uptake of 99mTc MDP and 67Ga determined at 11, 18, 25, 32, 51, and 78 days following fracture. Two hundred microCi of 67Ga was administered 24 hours prior to sacrifice and 1.5 mCi 99mTc MDP 2 hours prior to sacrifice. Specific activity r...

The influence of various low molecular weight compounds on the transfer of 67Ga from human lactoferrin (LF) to horse spleen ferritin (HoFE) has been examined in vitro. When LF*67Ga complex was placed in competition with HoFE using a dialysis system the initial transfer rate (TR) of 67Ga to HoFE was slow and continuous. In the presence of 1 mM pyrop...

Desferal (desferoxamine mesylate) was investigated as a contrast-enhancing agent for tumor and abscess imaging with 67Ga-citrate. Tumor studies were performed in mice with Cloudman S-91 melanoma. Abscess studies were performed with a subcutaneous abscess model in rabbits. When Desferal is administered 16 to 18 hours after injection of 67Ga, rapid b...

Desferoxamine (DEF) was administered intramuscularly (0.25 mg/g body weight) to mice harboring a Cloudman's melanoma S-91 3 hr before, simultaneously with, and 3 hr after i.v. injection of Ga-67 citrate (approximately 1 microCi/g body weight). Relative Ga-67 retention was compared with that in non-DEF controls at 24 hr. The chemical nature of Ga-67...

Twenty-two patients suspected of having either venous or arterial thrombi were studied with In-111-labeled autologous platelets. Whole-body scans were performed 3, 24, and 48 hr following i.v. injection. Twelve patients studied with saline-washed platelets had unsatisfactory 15-min recovery and biologic half-time. When the labeling was carried out...

A case is reported in which a labeled white cell scan was helpful in the diagnosis of a periappendiceal abscess. The method of labeling is described and the usefulness of the technique discussed.

The effect of 2450 MHz microwave radiation and isothermal conduction ex vivo exposures on canine platelets was analyzed in vitro by studying adenosine-5'-diphosphate activated aggregation and in vivo by studying the survival, distribution and physiological integrity of reinfused autologous Indium-111 labeled platelets. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) fr...

PURPOSE/AIM 1. Review diagnostic imaging challenges from a variety of modalities. 2. Analyze unknown key images or graphical data from cases representative of imaging physics problems. 3. Identify the underlying problem from the presented data, and review the appropriate corrective action.