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Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University | AHBV · International Relations

With its transit facilities and living and non-living resources, the oceans and seas have been at the service of humanity throughout history. The importance of the seas has grown even more in the twenty-first century, and it has begun to play a significant role in the global economy. Sea transport accounts for a significant portion of worldwide tra...

The Red Sea, which is well known outside the tourism sector, has maintained its importance from the past to the present. It borders Saudi Arabia and Yemen to the east, Egypt and Sudan to the west, Jordan to the north and Somalia to the south. It is also of great strategic importance as the gateway to the Suez Canal and the Bab al-Mandab Strait. The...

The ongoing Israeli war on Gaza has escalated into a multifaceted conflict involving not only Israel and the Palestinian group Hamas but also key regional actors such as Iran, Lebanon’s Hezbollah, and Yemen’s Houthi rebels. The recent Israeli military actions against the Houthis in the Yemeni port city of Hodeidah, against Hezbollah in Beirut, and...

Syria and Türkiye are two neighboring countries have various cultural and historical ties and even relatives. These ties were formed from the 16th century, when the Ottoman Empire conquered its territory, to the 20th century, when the empire broke up. These ties between Syria, which became independent towards the middle of the 20th century, and its...

Today, the growing impact of climate change, armed conflicts, social polarization, and economic instability threatens the foundations of the global order. These challenges escalate rapidly, fueled by technological advancements and economic uncertainties we face on a worldwide scale. Disinformation and misinformation emerge as critical global threat...

As it is known, the security concept has been reshaped more comprehensively after the Cold War ended and since the 1990s. Global-scale issues such as the environment, migration, water and food safety, and energy have gained importance during these years. Global climate change is another issue that has gained importance within the framework of the n...

Global climate change has brought forth significant challenges for our world. To this end, there is an ever-growing demand for all-encompassing comprehension, innovative solutions, and cooperative work. Analyzing the complexities of climate change and its multifaceted impacts on the planet is crucial. Environmental, social, and economic ramificatio...

In the modern era, security issues have become the primary concern for all states. The increase in terrorism can be identified as the main reason why security has become such a pressing problem. Terrorism has complicated theoretical concepts and a deep historical background. It can be far more complex to define terrorism than it initially appears....

Due to the similarities in the socioeconomic models and foreign policy approaches of the Nordic countries are often, and mistakenly, viewed as a unified group. However, these countries also have many differentiating points. Moreover, the “Nordic Approach”, which expresses common areas, includes normative values such as peaceful resolution of confli...

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (AKA: Venezuela), before 1878, was an agricultural country whose main exports were coffee and cocoa. After the discovery of oil in 1878, Venezuela’s political economy was based on petrol. After that, Venezuela signed an agreement with several foreign companies, but the most important one was the Royal Dutch Shell Oi...

Latin America remains a focal point of strategic interest, economic opportunities, and geopolitical dynamics in the 21st century. This region is experiencing significant development in the areas of trade and investment, environmental protection, social development, and technological innovation. Consequently, it holds great potential for growth, tra...

When the space age started during the Cold War, two sides of the Cold War have dominated the space actions for a long time. Space has of course been considered as a means to advance security and decrease security of the adversary regarding the atmosphere of the Cold War. That’s why for a long-time space security have been defined as a state’s abili...

On November 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 into space. This historical event, in addition to being a turning point in political, military, technological and scientific developments, also marked the beginning of the space race to be experienced between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union. The ongoing effort to establish dominan...

One of the most recent areas of governmental involvement in the twentyfirst century is space. Space is a notion that can be used to describe a variety of phenomena in science, math, and international politics. It is typically assessed in terms of an area or region. It is used to represent the whole of outer space and Earth's orbit. The area outside...

The present article provides an analysis of the longstanding relations between Türkiye and Georgia, encompassing various dimensions such as diplomatic, economic, social, cultural, and military. The historical background of Turkish-Georgian relations can be traced back to the Seljuks Conquest and the period of Ottoman Empire’s rule in the Caucasus r...

In this study, Turkish-Russian relations in the Cold War period and the Post-Cold War time till 2002 are discussed. Since 2002 is accepted as the beginning of current relations and a breakthrough year in relations, a separate analysis is required for the next period. It is seen that the relations between Türkiye and Russia were tense between the ye...

Today, when Southeast Asia is mentioned, the countries that composed this region are Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapur, Brunei Darussalam. All of the aforementioned states have interacted with one another and other cultures in forms that have produced richness in many areas, particularly from the...

"Global Actors and Great Power Competition" is a work that deeply examines today's extremely complex global and regional political and economic relations. This work focuses on exploring the role and purpose of global and regional actors and the depths of the competition between great powers. Book chapters presented from various perspectives; It hel...

This article’s main concern is to come to an understanding of the reasons why the Afghan army could not be successful against the Taliban during the withdrawal process and what the effects were of this failure on international relations. The main argument in the study about the failure of the Afghan Army is that because the transition stages from t...

With the increase of globalization, the problem of a country is no longer limited within its own borders but has begun to affect other states as well. With this increasing globalization and population, the rising energy demand has also increased the tendency towards nuclear energy, but we can say that the desire for this nuclear power is an indispu...

The African Continent continues to be an indispensable strategic area of states that have the desire to become a global power, as it was in the past, with its geopolitical location and existing resources. Geopolitical and geostrategic evaluations for this continent, which has the advantages and disadvantages of having a central point between East a...

While most of the world has focused on the events in the Indo-Pacific, Middle East, North Africa and Eastern Mediterranean, the Arctic Ocean has recently become one of the prominent regions of international politics, with the effect of global climate change. Giant ice floes enter a period of great ecological change with global warming, while provid...

Every day, in many parts of the world, people make the hardest decisions of their lives. With these decisions, they have to leave their homes behind for a better and safer life. Many people in the world, by deciding to leave where they grew up, move to another settlement. Some have to leave their country for a short period of time or for a lifetime...

Inroduction: In the early years of the Republic, one of the most important goals of Atatürk’s foreign policy was the Hatay issue. Although Iskenderun Province (Hatay) is a region within the borders of the National Pact, it was left to the French mandate administration in Syria as a result of the Ankara Agreement signed with France on October 20, 19...

It would be very misleading for modern Iran and Turkey to consider their histories separately. Iranians and Turks came under the rule of the same dynasties in the same region from time to time. Religion, trade, intra-regional migrations, and other factors created an intense cultural interaction within the region. Roots of modern-day Iran emerged in...

Emerging trends in MENA towards international security

Considering the history of mankind and the globe thus far, the contemporary world has exponentially been globalized or internationalized. This means although people are divided into monogamous diverse identities across the globe be they states, nations, tribes, or even civilizations, these identities or 'groupishness' has not prevented the constant...

The Gulf of Guinea is one of the most hotly debated problems in the field of security, particularly maritime law. The huge Gulf of Guinea area covers around 6,000 kilometers from Senegal to Angola. The Gulf is rich in resources, but it also presents several issues. It is situated and shared amongst diverse African countries ranging from the Sahel,...

The major revolutions in the field of communication represent the most significant shift of the twenty-first century. The technological revolution has been reduced to a human-scale revolution, with new communication tools made available to everyone. The developments that began with space technology spread quickly. It's important noting that new com...

19. yüzyılda keşfedilen Antarktika 14 milyon kilometre karelik bir alana sahiptir ve bu yönüyle dünyanın neredeyse yüzde 10’unu oluşturan 5. büyük kıtadır. Bazı yerlerde 5 km derinliğe ulaşabilen buz tabakaları ile dünyanın en soğuk ve kuru yeridir; ayrıca dünyada bulunan buzulların yüzde 90’ı burada bulunmaktadır. Bu özelliği ile Antarktika kıtası...

Genel olarak devlet ve toplum, çevreyi korumaya odaklanmalıdır, çünkü çevrenin dengesinin değişmesi gezegen için en ciddi tehdittir. Bununla birlikte çevre, her ülkenin ekonomisiyle de ayrılmaz bir şekilde bağlantılıdır. Sanayi Devrimi’nden günümüze kadar, enerji üretiminin ana kaynakları, başta kömür ve petrol olmak üzere konvansiyonel olanlardır....

Tarih boyunca denizler, ulaşım imkanları ve canlı ve cansız kaynakları ile insanlığın hizmetinde olmuştur. 21. yüzyılda denizlerin önemi artmış ve dünya ekonomisinde önemli bir rol oynamaya başlamıştır. Özellikle dış ticaretin en önemli kısmı deniz yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Jeopolitik uzmanların teorilerinde deniz gücüne özel önem vermeleri, deniz...

International security possesses a focal situation within the discipline of international relations. This concept is based upon the nations’ sovereignty principle that indicates order and stability in the domestic sphere, and disorder and possible confusion in the international arena. Notwithstanding, the issue of security in the international aren...

From ancient times to the present, the Indian and Pacific Oceans have been vital because it is an area that encompasses major trade routes and choke points. Oceans, on the other hand, is vulnerable to a variety of maritime security concerns, including piracy, drug trafficking, significant state conflicts, and terrorist operations. Coastal governmen...

The center of gravity of international relations has been shifting from the Atlantic towards Asia mainly due to economic, political and strategic changes in the world. In this context, regional conflicts such as Taiwan problem, the issues between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Japan, North Korea's nuclear program will be of importance at glob...

One of the biggest challenges faced in the international arena in recent years is the political chaos in Libya since February 2011. Indeed, the fall of the Gaddafi regime after 42 years of continuous rule marked the beginning of fluctuations until today. Thus, the military intervention of the international coalition not only led to a change in the...

The purpose of this study is to highlight all the problems that create instability in the security of the wider Mediterranean region, highlighting both those that remain unresolved over time, as well as those of asymmetric threats, in order to examine whether there is a possibility to overcome and give a new breath to the aforementioned area where...

This volume contains insightful analyses on a variety of international problems within the context of refugee issue. The writers of this chapter and their topics are as follow: Ahmet Sapmaz “Refugees and Security”; Saadat Demirci “Refugees, Migration and Security Threats”; Hüsmen Akdeniz “The Impact of Irregular Migration on Security in the Framewo...

This volume underlines the role of the international organizations on the refugee policies of countries. The writers of this chapter and their topics are as follow: Mustafa Oktay Alnıak, Aylin Çelik Turan, Begüm Doğrusöz, Ece Barutçu, Aybüke Binay, and Ecem Tuncer “United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and United Nations and its Refugee Pol...

This volume of research contains comparative and detailed analyses on the refugee policies of not only the European Union but also the European countries. The writers of this chapter and their topics are as follow: Neriman Hocaoğu Bahadır “The Refugee Policy of the EU and the Status of the Refugees”; Sertif Demir “The European Union Migration Polic...

This volume of research contains comprehensive analyses on a variety of topics ranging from legal to social statute of the refugees. The writers of this chapter and their topics are as follow: Çağla Arslan Bozkuş “Legal Status of Refugees”; Özkan Gönül and Yunus Karaağaç “Social Rights of Refugees”, Hasan Acar and Serhat Bulut “The Political Rights...

In fact, people have been living in the region under the rule of RF for thousands of years. The first modern state in Russia's geography was founded in 862 by Rurik of Scandinavian origin, who was the ruler of Novgorod, by uniting the Slavs. A few years later, Rurik conquered the city of Kiev and started the Kiev Order. In the 10th and 11th centuri...

Comparative politics, which is one of the main branches of political science, basically focuses on the comparison of different political systems in the world. This extreme study field that includes a large framework ranging from political regimes (democracies, authoritarian and semi-authoritarian systems) to political institutions and processes (po...

The main topic of this research is about the juridical and political status of the “Problematic Geographical Features in The Aegean Sea” (PGFA) regarding maritime security. In this framework, government implementations of Turkey and Greece in PGFA have been analyzed and from this point of view it was attempted to indicate the political implementati...

It is our view that this historical and theoretical analysis looks beyond the static lines of traditional sovereignty in the Aegean arena as defined by UNCLOS to examine agents operating in this socially constructed area. Examine how they act paradoxically to perforate state sovereignty in decisions about the discovery, extraction, and use of hydro...

Approximately 70% of the energy needed by European countries is carried over the Mediterranean. With this aspect, the Mediterranean; The Gibraltar Strait plays a key role in delivering energy through the Aegean Sea, the Turkish Straits and the Suez Canal. Istanbul and Çanakkale Straits in terms of global trade, raw material transportation, global a...

Approximately 70% of the energy needed by European countries is carried over the Mediterranean. With this aspect, the Mediterranean; The Gibraltar Strait plays a key role in delivering energy through the Aegean Sea, the Turkish Straits and the Suez Canal. Istanbul and Çanakkale Straits in terms of global trade, raw material transportation, global a...

This study investigates the current state of the pipeline race in the Black Sea region and the energy transmission corridors there. Most importantly, the study states that the Black Sea region is ideally located within the scope of transporting oil and natural gas from Eurasia and the Caspian region to Europe. Thus, European Union (EU), Republic of...

The Eastern Mediterranean has increased its attractiveness with its hydrocarbon resources because it is an advanced positioning point for the Middle East as well as its surrounding springs against international threats. For this reason, scenarios involving the extraction, processing and transferring of the Eastern Mediterranean natural gas resource...

The Eastern Mediterranean gives rise to new definitions in geopolitical theories, both as being a power hub for the Middle East and having promising hydrocarbon resources. The increasing complexity of the concept of energy have necessitated a different definition of energy politics in the Eastern Mediterranean than the other land parts. While the t...

Years of energy dependence in the United States has been reversed by the Shale Gas Revolution, which has alleviated country administrators' concerns about energy dependence. After the Shale Gas Revolution, energy diplomacy, which played an important role in achieving its foreign policy goals, became more and more used in political circles and in th...

The book titled Mediterranean Geopolitics is based on the idea of clarifying the current problems in the region and bringing depth and richness to the science field.

The book titled Mediterranean Geopolitics is based on the idea of clarifying the current problems in the region and bringing depth and richness to the science field.

During the Cold War and before, there was only "military/border-oriented" security approach but then it was expanded to the multidimensional scope (even environmentally or socially) and security threats after the Cold War. Based upon the rapid increase in the demand for energy, which is an indicator of wealth and power, the security risks and threa...

International organizations involved in crisis management are diversified according to their nature, structure and organizational cultures. These organizations, which were established in a period of history and have been developing since then, are actually living organisms. Management change capacity, organizational learning degree, personality typ...

Each country wants to increase the level of welfare with maximum benefits from the sea;but it must do within the framework of international regulations.In seas which is contiguous to more than one country,regulations are required and this situation limits the possibilities of the countries to benefit from the sea.For this reason,every coastal count...

Crisis is a dimension of the relations between two countries and it denotes a major change in quality or grade of this relationship. Every crisis acts as the instability of the system; therefore, crisis is separated into many small groups in order to find more consistent choices. In this study, undoubtedly the subject is not the definition of crisi...

STRUCTURED ABSTRACT Eastern Mediterranean have been creating barrier belt in its own backyard against growing threats and these are some of the characteristics around the region; terrorism, human trafficking (illegal migration), migrant smuggling, irregular migration, arms smuggling, drug trafficking, international organized crime, poverty, unstabl...

Threatening the territorial integrity of the states that move against Russia and get closer to the West, which is a product of Russian nationalism and empire strategy, living in the territory of the former Soviet republics, which are independent states, and forming the majority of the population in certain regions, is reshaped as an old doctrine. T...

Russian Federation (RF) in the Black Sea; strengthening its military presence, the Georgia crisis, the deployment of troops in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and finally the annexation of the Crimea, adversely affecting the stability environment in the Black Sea; It caused changes in the perception of the riparian countries to the Black Sea regarding...

International Maritime Organization (IMO) developed a set of maritime security regulations for managing the risk of maritime terrorism with the aim to improve maritime and port security after the September 11th, 2001 terror attack. In this regard, a unique codification has been developed in response to the perceived threats to ships and port facili...

Today, shipping is by far the most international of the world's industries. Each and every day, ships of different size and capabilities carry huge quantities of cargo and a very large number of passengers cost effectively, cleanly and safely. Maritime transport is essential to normal functioning the world’s economy as over 90% of the world’s trade...

Establishing and maintaining mutual trust between the riparian countries in the Black Sea will be possible by pursuing stability-oriented policies that respect the political and territorial integrity of each party. The Black Sea as an example to peace and stability and its continuation will contribute to the regional and world peace. All these deve...

Within the scope of NATO's enlargement policy, the Russian Federation (RF) responded to its policy with Ukraine and Georgia by military intervention in Georgia and annexing Crimea. On the basis of the “regional ownership” principle regarding the Black Sea policy, the following are very important: - revitalizing regional initiatives and encouraging...

Many refugees fleeing from the conflicts in their countries have been entering the other target states after long sea trips. But these journeys come with some implication of the extent of application of international law of the sea. So migration by sea and human trafficking are both not new practices. The major problem has been to identify the righ...

Africa, which is the poorest continent in the world with a population of more than a billion, is at the bottom of the world with its place in the world economy and average per capita income. In this article, the interest of other national powers in the region was investigated as if all these negative indicators were refuted. The economic situation...

In a strategic environment that is increasingly shaped by the forces of glo¬balization, the navies need to be prepared for a wide range of contingencies. Many of these contingencies will arise from challenges that have little in common with traditional notions of security: cyber attacks can cause massive damage without a single shot being fired; te...

The Turkish Armed Forces gained serious social legitimacy before the society with its activities carried out in social, political and economic fields, which contributed to its becoming a social and autonomous organization. Therefore, the examination of the Turkish Armed Forces in a structured and comprehensible way will help understand the collecti...

In parallel with the rapidly changing security environment; It is an inevitable fact that the Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) educational institutions, which must meet the capabilities of the manpower, which constitute the basic building block of the military units, should be modernized under the democratic mentality and civilian control criteria. Withi...

The Arctic is clearly not a recently discovered region for the discipline of international relations; its geopolitical value is extremely well acknowledged by a certain number of research efforts. Especially during the Cold War era, it was one of the very few regions that facilitated direct contact between the superpowers of that era: the United St...

Migration of species is a natural development of life. Men have always migrate in order to find water, fertile grounds and suitable conditions to establish on a territory with better opportunities to flourish as a community. Climate changes, political wars, religious believes and economic chaos have had a dramatically impact on this matter over the...

After four deadly years the Syrian conflict showed no sign of abating till. As the civil war has dragged on its violence has become more widespread, systematic and extreme. The conflict has also become more intractable, threatening the peace and stability of the entire Middle East. It has already had devastating consequences for neighboring Iraq an...

In response to „Non-military protection measures for merchant shipping against piracy‟, “The 100 Series Rules: An International Model Set of Maritime Rules for the Use of Force (RUF)” is a guide to provide situational awareness and ship-specific countermeasures to enable ship managers and shipmasters to aid in the selection of cost-effective and ap...

Globalization is most commonly associated with economic development and increased financial gains; maritime trade is quite often characterized as the " backbone " of this multi-level phenomenon. However, globalization is also linked with significant expansion of transnational crime, with illegal trafficking of goods and/or humans clearly standing o...

This document provides a pacemaker, and sets the scene for the WMU Symposium on Migration by Sea, to be hosted by the World Maritime University, in partnership with the University of Genoa, in Malmö, Sweden, on 26-27 April 2016. The document aims to highlight rather than analyse issues. It is divided into five parts corresponding to the structure o...

Each country wants to increase the level of welfare with maximum benefits from the sea; but it must do within the framework of international regulations and conventions. In seas which is contiguous to more than one country, regulations required as continental shelf, the exclusive economic zone and this situation limits the possibilities of the coun...

While putting forward security theories; Usually, short-medium-long-term tactics / strategies are analyzed by combining foresight and experience and possibilities are considered within the framework of these. However, after a while, these theories can become paradoxical in themselves; One reason for this is the lack of historical texture emphasis i...

Each coastal country aims to process natural resources (mining, petroleum, fisheries, etc.) by gaining authority in the largest area. The importance of maritime jurisdiction areas for the Mediterranean, a region where energy resources and transportation corridors intersect; It will also be reflected in legal, military, political and commercial stra...

Each country has to ensure that the maximum benefit seas and wants to increase the level of prosperity in the seas. However, it has to do within the framework of international regulations. Seas, contiguous to more than one country, should be regulate as continental shelf and exclusive economic zone. As a result of these measures, countries limits t...

One of the absolute elements that should be emphasized while producing global strategies is the sea power owned by the coastal states. The term sea power was first used by Mahan. The concept of maritime power covers all economic and military fields of activity of a state related to maritime. Naval power, which proved its validity with the “theory o...

Each country has to ensure that the maximum benefit seas and wants to increase the level of prosperity in the seas. However, it has to do within the framework of international regulations. Seas, contiguous to more than one country, should be regulate as continental shelf and exclusive economic zone. As a result of these measures, countries limits t...

Although the Balkans have been under the rule of various civilizations throughout the history, many cooperation projects for the Balkans have been carried out so far, but due to the characteristics of the region, there have been difficulties in reaching the desired targets. In order to better understand our work, firstly, the concept of Security wa...

The cases how communities, as a necessary result of the presence of people social relationships in which, live together without difficulty and how they are administered have been debated for centuries and so many ideas to bring solutions have been proposed. Although these ideas, have influenced people's opinions and partly even though they have wor...