Budhendra Kumar Singh

• Ph.D (Experimental Condensed Matter Physics)
• Professor (Associate) at Central University of South Bihar

Crystals of 1 mol% cobalt-doped Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.09PbTiO3 (PZNCT) have been grown using a high-temperature self-flux method. A pure perovskite phase with mixed symmetry at room temperature was observed using X-ray diffraction analysis. Their electrical properties were further investigated by measuring temperature- and frequency-dependent dielectr...

We report a new type of magnetic nanofluids, which is based on a hybrid composite of nanodiamond and nickel (ND-Ni) nanoparticles. We prepared the nanoparticles by an in-situ method involving the dispersion of caboxylated nanodiamond (c-ND) nanoparticles in ethylene glycol (EG) followed by mixing of nickel chloride and, at the reaction temperature...

High quality lead free ferroelectric single crystals of 0.94[Na0.5K0.5NbO3]-0.06LiNbO3 (NKLN) were grown by self-flux method. The crystals were characterized for structural, dielectric, piezo/ferro response (at both macro and micro level) and electrical behavior. The characterizations confirmed a perfectly homogeneous stoichiometry having negligibl...

In the present study, we found that Na0.47K0.47Li0.06Nb0.94Sb0.06O3 (NKLNS) crystals are good piezo-/pyro-/ferroelectric candidate for various electronic and optical applications. Its large single crystals (up to 9 ? 8 ? 4 mm3) were successfully grown by self-flux method. Relaxor type broad and diffused Curie phase transition with maximum dielectri...

The mechanical properties of undoped and 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mol% Mg-doped LN single crystals, grown by the Czochralski technique, have been investigated using nanoindentation studies to understand the mechanical deformation behaviour as doping is increased. This has been correlated with structural investigations by powder XRD analysis and Raman spect...

Good quality single crystals of L-Leucine hydrobromide, a prominent NLO material, have been grown successfully by conventional slow evaporation solution technique to meet the requirement of photonics industry. To confirm the identity of the synthesized material and the % composition of constituent element CHN analysis was carried out. HRXRD rocking...

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: L-Leucine hydrobromide SEST Crystal perfection HRXRD Photo-acoustic Nano-indentation A B S T R A C T Good quality single crystals of L-Leucine hydrobromide, a prominent NLO material, have been grown successfully by conventional slow evaporation solution technique to meet the requirement of photonics industry. To conf...

In the modern era materials with high NLO efficiency, better mechanical and thermal properties are on leading edge and highly demanded for their efficient use in optical communication and fibers optics. In the present course of work, authors have grown successfully single crystals of L-alanine strontium chloride trihydrate(LASRT) by slow evaporatio...

A single crystal of L-arginine Hydrobromide Monohydrate (LAHBr) with excellent crystalline perfection was grown by a modified way of unidirectional technique. The criteria behind this modified version were to reduce the temperature gradient of the solution which will enhance the quality of the single crystal. The formation of the crystal was confir...

The unprecedented attributes such as biocompatibility and flexibility of macromolecular piezoelectric polymer has triggered an immense interested in scientific society for their potential exploitation in implantable electronic devices. In the present article, a theoretical and experimental investigation is done to explore the polarization behavior...

Now days, nonlinear optical materials are subjected to extensive research owing to their versatility towards various photonic applications. In the present article, twin free L-Cystine hydrochloride single crystals were grown using conventional slow evaporation solution technique. The powder X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed that the titled compou...

The 1:1 complex of 8-hy­droxy­quinoline with squaric acid has been characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and photoluminescence, dielectric, piezoelectric and second-harmonic generation (SHG) studies. The title compound (8-hy­droxy­quinolinium hydrogen squarate; HQS)...

The present work reports the growth and characterization of single crystals of pure triglycine sulphate (TGS) and maleic acid doped triglycine sulfate (MA-TGS). Both the crystals were grown by conventional slow evaporation solution technique. The crystal structure, composition and morphology of both pure TGS and MA-TGS crystals were studied using s...

A versatile approach for the synthesis of N-(4-methyl­benzyl)­benzamide, C15H15NO, using CuI as catalyst has been reported. Single crystals of the synthesized compound were grown using the slow evaporation solution technique. The crystal structure of the N-(4-methyl­benzyl)­benzamide crystals has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction....

In the present work we report the growth of bulk size ethyl 4-amino benzoate crystal a potential candidate for electro-optical applications using indigenously developed single zone transparent resistive furnace owing to difficulties involve in its growth via solution growth technique as observed. Structure of grown crystal was examined using single...

L-Ornithine monohydrochloride (LOMHCl) single crystal is a potential material for non linear optical and opto-electronic applications. In the present study, good quality single crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution technique at room temperature. The bulk single crystals were subjected to various characterization analyses in order to inve...

An L-arginine 4-nitrophenolate 4-nitrophenol dihydrate (LAPP) single crystal has been grown by adopting a slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST). The crystal structure and its lattice dimensions along with the space group were confirmed through single crystal X-ray diffraction and it was found that the crystal belongs to a monoclinic cry...

The present study explores how the additive titania chemically reacts with magnesium hydride and influences the dehydrogenation of MgH2. Quantitative X − ray diffraction study of ball milled MgH2 + xTiO2 (x = 0.25, 0.33, 0.5 and 1) suggests that Ti substituted MgO is the main reaction product in all the product powders. Convincing evidence is obtai...

In the present work we report crystallization and detailed analyses on l-arginine monohydrochloride single crystal an efficient material for nonlinear optical applications. The crystal of titled material was grown using slow evaporation solution growth technique using double distilled water as solvent. Single crystal X-ray diffraction technique rev...

We report on the fabrication of multiscale three-dimensional (3D) micropatterning of 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 − 0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT − BCT) electroceramic material using soft lithographic PDMS moulds. The ceramic microcomponents were successfully consolidated by Epoxy Gel Casting from stable aqueous suspension of BZT-BCT material. A successful aqueo...

Molecular organic single crystals of bis­(l-asparaginium hydrogensquarate) monohydrate [BASQ; (C8H10N2O7)2·H2O] have been grown by solution technique. Crystallographic information was investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis. Hirshfeld surface and fingerprint plot studies were performed to understand the intermolecular inte...

Recently, many organic materials, including carbon materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene (single-walled carbon sheet structure) were studied in order to improve their mechanical and electrical properties. In particular, copolymers of poly (vinylidene fluoride) and poly trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)] are promising materials, which...

Spin coating technique was employed to obtain thin films of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)-Graphene oxide (P(VDF-TrFE) - GO) composite with different concentration of GO (0, 1 and 2 wt%) with a nominal thickness in the range of 0.50-0.55 µm. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the piezoelectric/ferroelectric behavior of P(VDF...

Pure and erbium (Er) doped ZnO nanostructures were prepared by simple and cost effective wet chemical precipitation method. The successful doping with phase purity of prepared ZnO nanostructure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and their Rietveld analysis. The change in structural morphology of nanoscale features of prepared ZnO nanopowders...

Organic compounds have constantly proved to be a proficient candidate for non-linear optical (NLO) applications. In this respect an organic amino acid compound i.e. L-Prolinium Trichloroacetate single crystal has been synthesized and grown through slow evaporation solution growth technique. The lattice parameters obtained from single crystal X-Ray...

Using experimental and computational techniques, a comparative study of electro-optical properties for glycine glycinium picrate (GGP) and glycinium picrate (GP) compounds has been performed. The single crystal of GGP has been grown using slow evaporation technique that was further subjected to experimental characterization of its electro-optical p...

In the present study, we address a few unsolved aspects involved in the hydrogen storage mechanism of the MgH2/Nb2O5 system. The mixture, 6MgH2+Nb2O5, was mechanochemically reacted for 30 h under an inert atmosphere using two different milling medium, steel and zirconia, under identical experimental conditions. The product contained Nb dissolved Mg...

Sulfamic acid is a potential material that exhibits excellent optical properties. A good quality, pure and dysprosium (Dy3+) doped (2.5 and 5 mol %) Sulfamic acid (SA) single crystals were grown successfully by slow cooling method. Structural study revealed a slight change in its lattice parameters and volume, suggesting the successful incorporatio...

High efficiency thermoelectric materials plays a vital role in power generation and refrigeration applications. Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) is one among them. In the present work single crystal of Bismuth Telluride was grown using vertical Bridgman technique. The phase of grown crystals was analysed using powder X-ray diffractometer. Quality of the...

In this work we used piezoresponse force microscopy methods to find out that several nucleobases are not only piezoelectric but also ferroelectric. The pronounced ferroelectricity was confirmed by the visualisation of as-grown and artificially created domains, with pronounced hysteresis (measured locally and in pressed samples). The knowledge of th...

In this paper a template-free precipitation method was used as an easy and low cost way to synthesize Ag2S semiconductor nanoparticles. The Kramers-Kronig method (K-K) and classical dispersion theory was applied to calculate the optical constants of the prepared samples, such as the reflective index n(ω) and dielectric constant ε(ω) in Far-infrared...

The growth of good quality bulk single crystals of bismuth selenide by employing a high-temperature vertical Bridgman technique with a specially designed ampoule having a provision for a necking process is reported. Several growth experiments were performed and reproducible results were obtained. The crystal structure and lattice dimensions were co...

Nanoindentation-induced polar properties in (001)-oriented SrTiO3 single crystals were analysed using piezoresponse force microscopy and local Raman spectroscopy measurements. The area directly beneath the indenter showed a strong piezoelectric response, together with an enhanced response in the area along the direction tangential to the residual i...

Recent trends focuses on the usage of nonlinear optical materials owing to its increasing demand in frontier areas of optical communication and switching applications. In the present work single crystal of L-Threoninium picrate, an excellent material for nonlinear optical applications was grown using conventional slow evaporation solution technique...

Single crystal of L-Prolinium Tartrate (LPT), which is an organic non linear optical material was successfully synthesized and grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST). The crystal structure and its lattice parameters of the grown crystal was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction technique and found that it belongs to monoclinic c...

We report on successful aqueous processing of lead free piezoelectric 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT-BCT) composition with final functional properties of materials unaffected from various processing steps involved. XRD results shows single tetragonal perovskite crystalline phase for as received sintered BZT-BCT powder. The purity of p...

This work aims to contribute new data on the dielectric relaxation behavior of the lead-free piezoelectric 0.5Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3–0.5(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 (BZT–BCT) material processed in aqueous media. To obtain a BZT–BCT ceramic with high density, an aqueous suspension of BZT–BCT material was successfully transferred to spherical granules via freeze granu...

One of the top design priorities for gas sensors is developing simple, low-cost, sensitive (at low detection limit) and reliable sensors to be built in handheld portable devices. However, the need to implement heating elements in sensor devices, and to achieve high response for lower gas concentration at room temperature, remains a major task for t...

Abstract Sulphamic acid (HSO3NH2) is a potential material which exhibits excellent piezoelectric and non-linear optical properties. Nucleation and growth kinetics gives valuable information about the crystal growth process, which can be employed in the growth of large size crystals. Thus we have studied its nucleation parameters such as solubility,...

Pure and 2 mol% Aluminium (Al) doped ZnO nanostructures were prepared by a simple and low cost wet chemical precipitation technique. Structure and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV–visible spectrometry and band gap calculations confirmed the presence of structu...

Ag-doped and pure zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-plates were successfully synthesized via low cost wet precipitation method. The crystalline phases and the morphological features of the synthesized samples were assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. These techniques coupled with Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) measu...

Bulk single crystals of glycinium maleate have been grown from aqueous solution by slow evaporation method by optimizing the growth parameters within a period of 15 days. From X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystal was found to crystallize in monoclinic structure (space group C2/c) with a = 17.866 Å, b = 5.684 Å, c = 17.408 Å and β = 112.65°. Pres...

Smoke detection with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/cement composites have been studied. Pellets of MWCNTs reinforced Portland cement have been casted with varying MWCNTs %. The DC transient studies depicted an increase in conductivity when exposed to smoke. Responsivity in the range 26-46% has been obtained under smoky environment based on...

Pure and dye doped (0.1 and 0.2 mol%) Triglycine Sulfate (TGS) single crystals were grown by slow evaporation technique. A pyramidal coloring pattern, along with XRD and FT-IR studies confirmed the dye doping. Decrease in dielectric constant and increase in Curie temperature (Tc) were observed with increasing doping concentration. Low absorption cu...

Lead free piezoelectric Bi0.5(Na0.5K0.5)0.5TiO3 (pure and 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%, 4 wt.% Sb-doped) ceramics were synthesized away from its MPB. The crystalline nature of the BNKT ceramic was studied by XRD and SEM. Depolarization temperature (Td) and transition temperature (Tc) were observed through phase transitions in dielectric studies which were found...

A novel room temperature gas sensor for detection and quantification of flammable Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is provided by using activated carbon based film as sensing film which can detect and quantify a dynamic range from 40ppm to 1000ppm at ambient temperature/condition. The sensor is highly sensitive, stable, has fast response time (~30 sec...

The glassy behaviour of flux grown single crystal of relaxor based lead zinc niobium titanate near its morphotropic phase boundary has been investigated. The frequency dependence of temperature at dielectric maxima (T′m), which is governed by the production of polar nano-region at higher temperature, was analysed using different glass models and Po...

Urea-succinic acid crystals have been grown at room temperature from aqueous solution in the presence of maleic acid by a slow evaporation technique. The structural parameters were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and found to have monoclinic symmetry (space group P21/m) with a=9.902, b=17.510, c=5.555 ˚A and alpha=gamma=90, beta=96....

The temperature dependence of dielectric and piezoelectric behavior of Pb(Zn1/3 Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09O3 single crystals has been investigated for samples poled at different fields along [0 0 1] direction. An increase in rhombohedral to tetragonal phase-transition temperature (Trt) with dc field was observed due to the polarization rotation via a monocli...

The electrical properties of Pb(Zn1/3 Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09O3 single crystals over a wide range of frequencies (20 Hz to 2 MHz) and temperature (30 to 490 °C) were studied using impedance spectroscopic technique. A strongly frequency dependant Debye type relaxation process in crystals was observed. The activation energy for relaxation was found to be 1....

Urchin-like p-type ZnO nanorods were grown along preferred (100) direction by low temperature solution technique and subjected to morphological, structural, Hall conductivity, dielectric and ferroelectric characterization. Hall voltage, bulk carrier density (hole) and mobility were found to be 0.058 V, 2.36×1019 cm−3 and 0.025 cm2/V s, respectively...

Ferroelectricity is unexpectedly observed in an organic crystal with a centrosymmetric structure

Zinc Selenide nanoparticles were synthesized successfully by microwave heating process. The phase of the synthesized nanoparticle was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The homogeneity and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy study. Further, the crystallite size was calculated by Sch...

Remarkable ferroelectric property has been observed in the glycine picrate single crystal though it crystallizes in centrosymmetric structure. An anomaly at 105 °C was observed in dielectric and ac conductivity measurements. The activation energies for conduction (Ea) below and above this temperature are found to be 0.31 and 0.53 eV, respectively....

Flower-like ZnO nanocrystals were grown by low temperature solution technique after controlling Zn2+/OH− ratio. The morphology and structural studies confirmed the formation of nano structure, revealing the [0001] oriented growth of the ZnO nanorods. The variation of dielectric constant, loss, ac conductivity and activation energy as a function of...

Single crystals of Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09]O3 (PZNT 91/9) have been grown by flux method after modifications in temperature profile, flux ratio and addition of excess ZnO/B2O3 which resulted in enhanced perovskite yield (more than 95%). Only a few crystals showed the presence of pyrochlore phase/variation in composition. A comparative characteriz...

Single crystals of Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09]O3 (PZNT 91/9) have been grown by flux method after modifications in temperature profile, flux ratio and addition of excess ZnO/B2O3 which resulted in enhanced perovskite yield (more than 95%). Only a few crystals showed the presence of pyrochlore phase/variation in composition. A comparative characteriz...

Evidence of phase transitions in low temperature ferroelectric region of Pb (Zn1/3 Nb2/3)0.91 Ti0.09 O3 single crystals has been found in the dielectric and ac conductivity measurements in the temperature range (− 150 to 200 °C) at − 10, − 49 and − 132 °C. The total activation energies Et (in eV) below and above these temperatures are found to be 0...

Single crystals of L-histidine tetrafluoroborate (C6H10N3O2BF4, L-HFB) were grown by solution growth method using two different temperature profiles: conventional, in which the growth temperature was kept constant at 30 °C and rapid, in which it was increased in steps of 1 K per day while keeping the other growth conditions same. Crystals grew in n...

A response to the comments of Professor A.M. Petrosyan on the paper, 'Growth and characterization of new nonlinear optical thiourea L-alanine acetate single crystal' authored by Neelam Singh, B.K. Singh, Nidhi Sinha, and Binay Kumar, is presented. The authors emphasize that the a, b, c parameters of pure L-alanine (LA) and LA grown with various aci...

A new nonlinear optical material, thiourea L-alanine acetate (TLAA), has been synthesized. Single crystals of TLAA have been grown successfully by slow evaporation method. The grown crystals have been subjected to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), second harmonic generation (SHG), ultraviolet–visible spectral...