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22
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Introduction
Budd Termin is a retired swimming coach, sports performance researcher, and assistant professor. First for the sport of swimming: First to publish the "zero velocity" effect during the underwater pullout phase used in breaststroke for elite swimmers. Developed the first patented "Underwater Pace Lights" technology (United States and International Patent #6086379) First coach recipient of the Chancellors Award for Professional Service - State University of New York Higher Education System.
Additional affiliations
August 2007 - June 2020
August 1987 - May 2007
August 1987 - May 2007
Education
August 1985 - June 1987
August 1975 - June 1979
Publications
Publications (22)
A method is described for the recording a swimmer’s velocity and synchronizing these records with the
underwater video. Examples of these records during pushing off from the side of the pool, breaststroke,
butterfly stroke, backstroke, and crawl stroke are presented. These records demonstrate to swimmers and
coach the bio-mechanics of swimming,...
Performance is the time (t) to cover a given distance (d), i. e.
speed of swimming (v = d / t). In turn, v is the product of
stroke rate (SR), and distance per stroke (d/S). Maximal v is
set by maximal metabolic power (E’
max
) and energy cost of
swimming (C
s
). Drag (D), efficiency (
h
) and v set the metabol-
ic requirements. D can be partitione...
This study investigated the basic fluid mechanics associated with the hydrodynamic drag of a human. The components of drag (frictionD
SF, pressureD
P and waveD
W) on a human swimmer were analysed by applying classical fluid dynamic fundamentals. General methods of reducing drag were considered and the most probable method identified, applied and te...
The aim of this study was to investigate how fins with varying physical characteristics affect the energy cost and the efficiency of aquatic locomotion. Experiments were performed on ten college swimmers who were asked to swim the dolphin kick while using a monofin (MF) and to swim the front crawl kick with a small-flexible fin (SF), a large-stiff...
Licensed Innovation - TYR Aqua Shift, performance swimwear developed for the 2004 Olympic Games, uses patent pending swim technology based on a University at Buffalo innovation that improves swimming performance by altering the fluid dynamics of water as it flows over and around a swimmer
With the aim of computing a complete energy balance of front crawl, the energy cost per unit distance (C = Ev(-1), where E is the metabolic power and v is the speed) and the overall efficiency (eta(o) = W(tot)/C, where W(tot) is the mechanical work per unit distance) were calculated for subjects swimming with and without fins. In aquatic locomotion...
Propulsion in water requires a propulsive force to overcome drag. Male subjects were measured for cycle frequency, energy cost and drag (D) as a function of velocity (V), up to maximal V, for fin and front crawl swimming, kayaking and rowing. The locomotion with the largest propulsive arms and longest hulls traveled the greatest distance per cycle...
The drag (D) of seven (7) male swimmers wearing five (5) swimsuits was investigated.
The drag was measured during passive surface tows at speeds from 0.2 up to 2.2 m x s and during starts and push-offs. The swimsuits varied in body coverage from shoulder-to-ankle (SA), shoulder-to-knee (SK), waist-to-ankle (WA) and waist-to-knee (WK) and briefs (CS...
In this paper a complete energy balance for water locomotion is attempted with the aim of comparing different modes of transport in the aquatic environment (swimming underwater with SCUBA diving equipment, swimming at the surface: leg kicking and front crawl, kayaking and rowing). On the basis of the values of metabolic power (E), of the power need...
The aim of the present study was to quantify the improvements in the economy and efficiency of surface swimming brought about by the use of fins over a range of speeds (v) that could be sustained aerobically. At comparable speeds, the energy cost (C) when swimming with fins was about 40 % lower than when swimming without them; when compared at the...
Current conventional swim training tends to focus on long over-distance swimming, often in combination with dry-land strength training and a season ending taper. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel training regime incorporating high-velocity swimming exclusively, without dry-land training or taper. Twenty-two Division I swimmers who t...
Swimming performance is defined as the time required to cover a specified distance. This can also be expressed as velocity. Achieving a velocity while swimming is dependent upon the number of stroke taken per minute (stroke rate) and the distance the body travels per stroke. In pioneering work, Dr. Al Craig and his co-workers demonstrated a charact...
The energy cost per unit of distance (Cs, kilojoules per metre) of the front-crawl, back, breast and butterfly strokes was assessed in 20 elite swimmers. At sub-maximal speeds (v), Cs was measured dividing steady-state oxygen consumption (VO2) by the speed (v, metres per second). At supra-maximal v, Cs was calculated by dividing the total metabolic...
Current conventional swim training tends to focus on long over-distance swimming, often in combination with dry-land strength training and a season ending taper. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel training regime incorporating high-velocity swimming exclusively, without dry-land training or taper. Twenty-two Division I swimmers who t...
Competitive swimmer and coaches are always searching for ways to optimize performance Performance in swimming is judged as the time it takes to cover specific distances, which can also be expressed in velocity in meters per second. Velocity in swimming is determined by the number of strokes taken per minute and the distance the body travels per str...
Underwater torque (T') is defined as the product of the force with which the swimmer's feet tend to sink times the distance between the feet and the centre of volume of the lungs. It has previously been shown that experimental changes of T', obtained by securing around the swimmer's waist a plastic tube filled, on different occasions, with air, wat...
"Underwater torque" (T') is one of the main factors determining the energy cost of front crawl swimming per unit distance (Cs). In turn, T' is defined as the product of the force with which the swimmer's feet tend to sink times the distance between the feet and the center of volume of the lungs. The dependency of Cs on T' was further investigated b...
Resistance training is often recommended to competitive swimmers. studies have demonstrated a relationship between stroke mechanics, biokinetic power and endurance, anaerobic power, and swimming performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of adding biokinetic resistance training to high velocity swim training in colleg...
A season long high intensity training program was performed by 17 male competitive collegiate swimmers. Data collected for the study were maximal and sub-maximal oxygen consumption (VO^2) and assessment of stroke frequency (S) vs. velocity(v). Each subject was tested pre-season, mid-season, and post-season while performing the front crawl. VO^2 was...
Maximal swimming performance is determined, at least in part, by the maximal water resistance a swimmer can overcome. Previous work has suggested that increased strength may allow the swimmer to overcome more resistance and, therefore, go faster. The purpose of the present study was to relate isokinetic muscle function to swimming speed, VO^2 max a...
A season long high intensity training program was performed by 17 male competitive collegiate swimmers. Data collected for the study were maximal and sub-maximal oxygen consumption (VO^2) and assessment of stroke frequency (S) vs. velocity(v). Each subject was tested pre-season, mid-season, and post-season while performing the front crawl. VO^2 was...