Bryn T M Dentinger

University of Utah | UOU · Natural History Museum/Biology Department

Inbreeding, the mating of individuals that are related through common ancestry, is of central importance in evolutionary and conservation biology due to its impacts on individual fitness and population dynamics. However, while advanced genomic approaches have revolutionised the study of inbreeding in animals, genomic studies of inbreeding are rare...

The porcini mushroom family Boletaceae is a diverse, widespread group of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushroom-forming fungi that so far has eluded intrafamilial phylogenetic resolution based on morphology and multilocus data sets. In this study, we present a genome-wide molecular data set of 1764 single-copy gene families from a global sampling of 418 Bo...

Psychoactive mushrooms in the genus Psilocybe have immense cultural value and have been used for centuries in Mesoamerica. Despite the recent surge of interest in these mushrooms due to the psychotherapeutic potential of their natural alkaloid psilocybin, their phylogeny and taxonomy remain substantially incomplete. Moreover, the recent elucidation...

Auricularia auricula-judae is a saprobic European jelly fungus with traditional culinary and medicinal significance, often said to resemble a human ear. It was originally named Tremella auricula by Linnaeus and has been moved to different genera since, but its specific epithet was also changed from auricula to auricula-judae by Bulliard in 1789, wh...

Madagascar is known for its high diversity and endemism of fauna and flora. Fungi, however, have been largely overlooked in diversity and evolution studies on the island, and whether fungi exhibit the same patterns as animals and plants has yet to be further examined. We collected fungal sporocarps and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) roots during three oppor...

Hyphae are the filamentous branches that form a mycelial network, acting as the constitutive structure of mushroom-forming Fungi. Hyphae grow on many substrates and in multitudes of environmental conditions. Due to this versatility, hyphae are of increasing interest in the area of bio-constructed materials derived from sustainable and non-petroleum...

Psychoactive mushrooms in the genus Psilocybe have immense cultural value and have been used for centuries in Mesoamerica. Despite a recent surge in interest in these mushrooms due to emerging evidence that psilocybin, the main psychoactive compound, is a promising therapeutic for a variety of mental illnesses, their phylogeny and taxonomy remain s...

The mushroom genus Psilocybe is best known as the core group of psychoactive mushrooms, yet basic information on their diversity, taxonomy, chemistry, and general biology is still largely lacking. In this study, we reexamined 94 Psilocybe fungarium specimens, representing 18 species, by DNA barcoding, evaluated the stability of psilocybin, psilocin...

In the hyperdiverse fungi, the process of speciation is virtually unknown, including for the > 20 000 species of ectomycorrhizal mutualists. To understand this process, we investigated patterns of genome‐wide differentiation in the ectomycorrhizal porcini mushroom, Boletus edulis, a globally distributed species complex with broad ecological amplitu...

A series of international sustainability policies currently in negotiation will shape biodiversity conservation for decades to come. However, discussions of current sustainability policy have a huge blind spot: the absence of Fungi, one of the eukaryotic Kingdoms. Wild fungi are a key component of natural ecosystems (e.g., through parasitic symbios...

Family Cortinariaceae currently includes only one genus, Cortinarius, which is the largest Agaricales genus, with thousands of species worldwide. The species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plant genera from tropicals to arctic regions. Genus Cortinarius contains a lot of morphological variation, and its...

Fungi are highly diverse, but only a small fraction of the total estimated species have been characterized. Often, the extent of diversity and distribution of fungal communities is difficult or near impossible to assess due to the fact that many fungi are cryptic and persist predominantly hidden within substrates such as soil or plant material. Thi...

Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink is a highly pathogenic fungus that uses exploratory, cordlike structures called rhizomorphs to seek out new sources of nutrition, posing a parasitic threat to natural stands of trees, orchards, and vineyards. Rhizomorphs are notoriously difficult to destroy, and this resilience is due in large part to a melanized...

Fungi are extremely diverse, but only a small fraction of the total estimated species have been characterized. Often, the extent of diversity and distribution of fungal communities is difficult or near impossible to assess. This is due to the fact that many Fungi are cryptic and persist predominantly hidden within substrates such as soil or plant m...

Mushrooms have been consumed by humans for thousands of years, and while some have gastronomic and nutritional value, it has long been recognized that only select species of mushrooms are suitable for consumption. Adverse health effects of consuming poisonous mushrooms range from mild illness to death. Many valuable edible mushrooms are either impr...

Fermentation of Acremonium tubakii W. Gams isolated from a soil sample collected from the University of Utah led to the isolation and characterization of six new linear pentadecapeptides, emerimicins V–X (1–6). Peptaibols containing 15-residues are quite rare, with only 22 reported. Genome mining and bioinformatic analysis were used to identify the...

Pterulaceae was formally proposed to group six coralloid and dimitic genera: Actiniceps (=Dimorphocystis), Allantula, Deflexula, Parapterulicium, Pterula, and Pterulicium. Recent molecular studies have shown that some of the characters currently used in Pterulaceae do not distinguish the genera. Actiniceps and Parapterulicium have been removed, and...

Concerted evolution of the ribosomal DNA array has been studied in numerous eukaryotic taxa, yet is still poorly understood. rDNA genes are repeated dozens to hundreds of times in the eukaryotic genome (Eickbush and Eickbush 2007) and it is believed that these arrays are homogenized through concerted evolution (Zimmer et al., 1980, Dover, 1993) pre...

Tropical rainforests form the most species-rich biome on the earth. The Dja Biosphere Reserve (DBR) in Cameroon is a biodiverse tropical forest characterized in part by upland monodominant stands of the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Gilbertiodendron dewevrei and ECM Uapaca spp. scattered along river banks. This mostly primary Guineo-Congolian evergreen for...

The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the rDNA cistron are the most commonly used DNA barcoding region in Fungi. rDNA genes are repeated dozens to hundreds of times in the eukaryotic genome and it is believed that these arrays are homogenized through concerted evolution preventing the accumulation of intragenomic, and intraspecific, variation....

Globally, many undescribed fungal taxa reside in the hyperdiverse, yet undersampled, tropics. These species are under increasing threat from habitat destruction by expanding extractive industry, in addition to climate change and other threats. Reserva Los Cedros is a primary cloud forest reserve of ~17,000 acres, and is among the last unlogged wate...

Pterulaceae was formally proposed to group six coralloid and dimitic genera [Actiniceps (=Dimorphocystis), Allantula, Deflexula, Parapterulicium, Pterula and Pterulicium]. Recent molecular studies have shown that some of the characters currently used in Pterulaceae Corner do not distinguish the genera. Actiniceps and Parapterulicium have been remov...

The mushroom-forming genus Squamanita comprises 10 described species, all parasitic on basidiomes of other members of the order Agaricales, including members of the genera Cystoderma, Galerina, Inocybe and Hebeloma. Here we report an anatomical investigation of the stipitate "mycocecidium' (¼fungus gall) formed on the basidiome of Cystoderma amiant...

1. Dracula orchids mimic mushrooms in appearance and scent, and are pollinated by mushroom flies. This study examined the guilds of insect visitors to Dracula species and to co‐occurring mushrooms in an Ecuadorean cloud forest. Significant visitor overlap was documented (mostly in the genera Zygothrica and Hirtodrosophila; Drosophilidae). To test t...

Leaf-cutting ants are often considered agricultural pests, but they can also benefit local people and serve important roles in ecosystems. Throughout their distribution, winged reproductive queens of leaf-cutting ants in the genus Atta Fabricius, 1804 are consumed as a protein-rich food source and sometimes used for medical purposes. Little is know...

HOW ARE DIFFERENT SPECIES RELATED TO EACH OTHER? THIS SIMPLE YET CRITICALLY IMPORTANT QUESTION, WHICH IS ROUTINELY ASKED ABOUT SPECIES IN ALL KINGDOMS OF LIFE, IS ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT TO ANSWER FOR FUNGI. This is because building the fungal tree of life has several significant challenges. First, similarities in the physical features of fungi,...

THE GENOMES OF FUNGI HAVE LONG BEEN OF INTEREST TO GENETICISTS BECAUSE MANY SPECIES ARE QUICK AND EASY TO GROW, THEIR DNA CAN BE EASILY MANIPULATED, AND BECAUSE MANY OF THEIR ESSENTIAL CELL PROCESSES ARE THE SAME AS IN ALL EUKARYOTES, INCLUDING HUMANS. Indeed, some of the earliest insights into how DNA encodes the information needed to build life c...

Fungi and insects are two hyperdiverse groups of organisms that have interacted for millennia. Over time, some insects have come to rely on fungi for a variety of resources, including room and board. Ants, wasps, beetles and a variety of other insects have adapted to using fungi primarily for reinforcing structures or as sources of food, with the m...

The genus Parapterulicium was first introduced to accommodate two Brazilian species of coralloid fungi with affinities to Pterulaceae (Agaricales). Despite the coralloid habit and the presence of skeletal hyphae, other features, notably the presence of gloeocystidia, dichophyses and papillate hyphal ends, differentiate this genus from Pterulaceae s...

Species used in the Russulales analyses and their GenBank accession numbers of nrITS and nrLSU sequences

Psilocybin is a psychoactive compound with clinical applications produced by dozens of mushroom species. There has been a longstanding interest in psilocybin research with regard to treatment for addiction, depression, and end-of-life suffering. However, until recently very little was known about psilocybin biosynthesis and its ecological role. Her...

Morphology and phylogenetic analyses using the ITS and LSU regions of nrDNA were carried out on bolete collections belonging to Boletus s. str., originating from the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The phylogenetic analysis outlined the existence of previously unknown species of this genus. It is described here as Boletus himalayensis. Illustrations...

Suillus himalayensis (Boletales, Suillaceae) was found associated with Pinus wallichiana during a survey of macrofungi from moist coniferous forests of Pakistan. Both, the fruiting body and ectomycorrhizae were characterized morphoanatomically as well as by molecular analysis. The identification of the fungal symbiont as Suillus himalayensis was co...

The Atlantic Forest of Brazil harbors a great diversity of boletoid fungi, many of which remain to be documented and described. Two distinct taxa of Tylopilus from Northeastern Atlantic Forest, T. dunensis and T. pygmaeus, are proposed as new based on evidence from both morphological and molecular data. We provide detailed macro- and microscopic de...

Kombocles bakaiana gen. sp. nov. is described as new to science. This sequestrate, partially hypogeous fungus was collected around and within the stilt root system of an ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree of the genus Uapaca (Phyllanthaceae) in a Guineo-Congolian mixed tropical rainforest in Cameroon. Molecular data place this fungus in Boletaceae (Boletal...

Fleshy pored mushrooms is the name given to boletes due to their porous hymenium and fleshy nature. These are ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes found in all continents except Antarctica. These mushrooms are important economically due to their edibility and medicinal value. This research work highlights the diversity of boletes in Pakistan and their co...

Abstract – Cantharellus miniatescens is lectotypified. An epitype sequenced for four gene regions (LSU, mitSSU, RPB2 and Tef1-alpha) is selected among recent collections from Cameroon and Central African Republic and fully described and illustrated. Complete ITS sequences have been deposited as barcodes. The systematic position is determined using...

The fungal kingdom is a hyperdiverse group of multicellular eukaryotes with profound impacts on human society and ecosystem function. The challenge of documenting and describing fungal diversity is exacerbated by their typically cryptic nature, their ability to produce seemingly unrelated morphologies from a single individual and their similarity i...

Five species of Cortinarius subgenus Callistei, are recognized in Europe and North America. Cortinarius callisteus, C. infucatus, and C. neocallisteus sp. nov. have a broad distribution, extending from western North America to Europe. Cortinarius tofaceus is known from eastern North America and Europe, while C. callistei sp. is known only from one...

Notes on 113 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper, including 11 new genera, 89 new species, one new subspecies, three new combinations and seven reference specimens. A wide geographic and taxonomic range of fungal taxa are detailed. In the Ascomycota the new genera Angustospora (Testudinaceae), Camporesia (Xylariaceae), Clematidis, Crassiparies (...

Xerocomus doodhcha and Hortiboletus indorubellus (Boletaceae) from broadleaf montane forest in Sikkim, India, are proposed as new. They are described in detail with supporting morphological illustrations and compared with related taxa using molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS and 28S rDNA sequences. Xerocomus doodhcha is characterized by a pale...

Flowers use olfactory and visual signals to communicate with pollinators. Disentangling the relative contributions and potential synergies between signals remains a challenge. Understanding the perceptual biases exploited by floral mimicry illuminates the evolution of these signals. Here, we disentangle the olfactory and visual components of Dracul...

The scientific basis to underpin the final restoration strategy and protocols for the Darwin Plus project “Caicos pine forests: mitigation for climate change and invasive species” is described here. This work, which was carried out from April 2014 to March 2016, included fieldwork in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) and processing of samples and...

The National Tree of TCI, Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis (Griseb.) W.H.Barrett & Golfari is at risk of extirpation due to the invasive pine tortoise scale insect, Toumeyella parvicornis Cockerell (Hamilton, 2007; Malumphy et al., 2012). As such, the variety has been assessed and listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List (Sanchez et al., 2013). To a...

The scientific basis to underpin the final restoration strategy and protocols for the Darwin Plus project “Caicos pine forests: mitigation for climate change and invasive species” is described here. This work, which was carried out from April 2014 to March 2016, included fieldwork in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) and processing of samples and...

The sequestrate false truf es Elaphomyces favosus, E. iuppitercellus, and E. labyrinthinus spp. nov. are described as new to science from the Dja Biosphere Reserve, Cameroon. Elaphomyces adamizans sp. nov. is described as new from the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana. The Cameroonian species are the rst Elaphomyces taxa to be formally described from A...

Understanding how mutualisms evolve in response to a changing environment will be critical for predicting the long-term impacts of global changes, such as increased N (nitrogen) deposition. Bacterial mutualists in particular might evolve quickly, thanks to short generation times and the potential for independent evolution of plasmids through recomb...

Figure S1. Tanglegram of ITS/nifH. Figure S2. Tanglegram of ITS/nodD. Figure S3. Tanglegram of nifD/nifH. Figure S4. Tanglegram of nifD/nodD. Figure S5. Tanglegram of nifH/nodD.

Figure S6. Bullseye plot showing partner quality mapped to the fan phylogenies of ITS, nifH, and nodD‐A. Traits, from inside out: shoot mass, leaf number, stolon number, and chlorophyll content. Darker colors represent values that are further away from the mean, with blue indicating below the mean (‐) and red indicating above the mean (+).

Boletus recapitulatus, collected from subtropical forest in the east District of Sikkim (India) is proposed here as new to science. It is characterized by its peculiar mushroom-shaped terminal cells of hyphae in the pileus and stipe cuticles. A detailed morphological description and illustrations are provided. besides morphological features phyloge...

A new cyphelloid mushroom from Great Britain, Rectipilus afibulatus Lucas & Dentinger, is described as new, using morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Based on phylogenetic analysis of the ITS barcode region, the new taxon is related to other cyphelloid taxa that form a clade nested within mycenoid agarics, likely representing an evoluti...

Boletus lakhanpalii is proposed here as new to science, with detailed morphological features and illustrations. Comparisons with allied Asian and extralimital taxa are provided. Phylogenetic analysis of the ITS barcode region show it to be closely related to an unnamed sequence from New Guinea. These sequences are recovered with uncertain placement...

The enormity of the breadth and depth of specimens held within the world's biological collections offers unparalleled opportunities to capture genomic data from across the entire range of known biological diversity. Such a task would take many lifetimes to complete if we could rely only on fresh samples. High-throughput sequencing provides a techni...

Suillus marginielevatus sp. nov. and S. triacicularis are reported from Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan in association with conifers. Morphologically S. marginielevatus is close to S. sibiricus, S. granulatus and S. intermedius but it can be distinguished by uplifted pileus margin and curved stipe with no ring at all stages. Phylogene...

Austroboletus olivaceoglutinosus sp. nov., is described from subalpine coniferous forest in northern Sikkim, India. It can be immediately recognised in the field by its glutinous, olive (often umbonate) pileus, overhanging margin that covers the hymenophore completely in young basidiomata, white to yellow lacunose-reticulate or lacerate, exceptiona...