Bryan Saunders- PhD
- Researcher at University of São Paulo
Bryan Saunders
- PhD
- Researcher at University of São Paulo
About
188
Publications
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3,901
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Introduction
Current institution
Additional affiliations
January 2009 - September 2012
Publications
Publications (188)
Objective To conduct a systematic review and metaanalysis of the evidence on the effects of β-alanine supplementation on exercise capacity and performance. Design This study was designed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A 3-level mixed effects model was employed to model effect sizes and account for dependencies within data. Data sources 3 dat...
We investigated the effects of supplement identification on exercise performance with caffeine supplementation. Forty-two trained cyclists (age 37 ± 8 years, body mass [BM] 74.3 ± 8.4 kg, height 1.76 ± 0.06 m, maximum oxygen uptake 50.0 ± 6.8 mL/kg/min) performed a ~30 min cycling time-trial 1 h following either 6 mg/kgBM caffeine (CAF) or placebo...
Introduction: Placebos are used as a control treatment that is meant to be indistinguishable from the active intervention. However, where substantive placebo effects may occur, studies that do not include a nonplacebo control arm may underestimate the overall effect of the intervention (active plus placebo components). This study aimed to determine...
Caffeine is a popular ergogenic aid due to its primary physiological effects that occur through antagonism of adenosine receptors in the central nervous system. This leads to a cascade of physiological reactions which increases focus and volition, and reduces perception of effort and pain, contributing to improved exercise performance. Substantial...
Sodium bicarbonate (SB) is considered an effective ergogenic supplement for improving high-intensity exercise capacity and performance, although recent data suggests that women may be less amenable to its ergogenic effects than men. Currently, an apparent paucity of data on women means no consensus exists on whether women benefit from SB supplement...
Objectives: This study investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle phases on cortisol levels before and after a maximal incremental exercise test in women with and without premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: Nineteen healthy, active and eumenorrheic women completed five maximal incremental exercise tests; three of those were performed at spec...
Introduction
Evidence that caffeine supplementation is effective to improve performance in cycling time trials has been obtained in single rather than multiple time trials. We investigated whether 5 mg.kg⁻¹ of caffeine enhanced performance in multiple 4 km cycling time trials (TT4km) conducted within the same day and across different days.
Methods...
This article provides a recap of the 10 Questions/10 Experts session at the 2024 American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting. Each of the speakers considered the validity of common “myths,” while providing evidence-based opinions to support, or, bust, myths addressing the following questions: (1) Would 100 g/hr of carbohydrate be advisable f...
Taurine (TAU) has been shown to improve time to exhaustion (TTE) and fat oxidation during exercise; however, no studies have examined the effect of acute TAU supplementation on maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and related intensity to MFO (FATmax). Our study aimed to investigate the effect of acute TAU supplementation on MFO, FATmax, VO2peak, and TTE. E...
BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) boxing protocol compared to traditional high-intensity circuit training (HICT) in improving exercise motivation, engagement, and physiological responses among thirty healthy medical students.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the study was...
Background
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) boxing protocol compared to traditional high-intensity circuit training (HICT) in improving exercise motivation, engagement, and physiological responses among 30 healthy medical students.
Objective
The purpose was to compare the VR H...
This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate “The Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ)” for Brazilian athletes. The NSKQ is an Australian instrument composed of 87 questions divided into six subsections (weight control, macronutrients, micronutrients, sports nutrition, supplementation, and alcohol) designed to assess...
Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) prevent large blood pH changes, however, there is no evidence on whether regulation of acid-base balance may also support whole body homeostasis monitored...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on physical performance, neuromuscular and metabolic responses during CrossFit® exercise. Seventeen Advanced CrossFit®-trained athletes completed the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover protocol consisting of four visits, including two...
Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during endurance exercise can improve performance. However, it is unclear whether low glycemic index (GI) CHO leads to differential ergogenic and metabolic effects compared with a standard high GI CHO. This study investigated the ergogenic and metabolic effects of CHO supplementation with distinct GIs, namely, (a)...
Background
Menthol (MEN) mouth rinsing (MR) has gained considerable interest in the athletic population for exercise performance; however, the overall magnitude of effect is unknown.
Objective
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of menthol MEN MR and the impact it has on exercise capacity and performan...
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of combined beta-alanine (BA) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on exercise capacity and performance. Four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web Of Science and MEDLINE) were searched using relevant terms for studies involving healthy (e.g. no chronic diseases or conditio...
Introduction
In prolonged physical activities, water replacement and muscle glycogen content are limiting factors in marathon runners. Carbohydrate-loading (CHO) in the days prior to endurance competition is a commonly employed method to optimise muscle glycogen stores and optimise exercise performance. Since each gram of muscle glycogen binds ∼2.7...
Introduction
In prolonged physical activities, water replacement and muscle glycogen content are limiting factors in marathon runners. Carbohydrate-loading (CHO) in the days prior to endurance competition is a commonly employed method to optimise muscle glycogen stores and optimise exercise performance. Since each gram of muscle glycogen binds ∼2.7...
Introduction: In prolonged physical activities, water replacement and muscle glycogen content are limiting factors in marathon runners. Carbohydrate-loading (CHO) in the days prior to endurance competition is a commonly employed method to optimise muscle glycogen stores and optimise exercise performance. Since each gram of muscle glycogen binds ~2....
Introdução: Em atividades físicas prolongadas a reposição hídrica e o conteúdo de glicogênio muscular são fatores limitantes em corredores de maratonas. O carregamento de carboidrato (CHO) nos dias anteriores à competição de resistência é um método comumente empregado para otimizar os estoques de glicogênio muscular e o desempenho no exercício. Uma...
The idiom ‘more high-quality research is needed’ has become the slogan for sport and exercise physiology-based research in female athletes. However, in most instances, it is challenging to address this gap of high-quality research in elite female athletes at a single study site due to challenges in recruiting enough participants with numerous menst...
![Current recommendations for buffering agents [1, 7]. BM body mass](publication/374969915/figure/fig1/AS:11431281212586249@1702697060329/Current-recommendations-for-buffering-agents-1-7-BM-body-mass_Q320.jpg)
This narrative review evaluated the evidence for buffering agents (sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate and beta-alanine), with specific consideration of three discrete scenarios: female athletes, extreme environments and combined buffering agents. Studies were screened according to exclusion and inclusion criteria and were analysed on three levels:...
Purpose
To summarise and meta-analyse existing evidence regarding the influence of CYP1A2 genotypes on the acute effects of caffeine for exercise performance, and to investigate the interaction between genotype, dosage, and timing of caffeine supplementation.
Methods
Six databases were searched for studies determining the effect of caffeine (excep...
This double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over study utilized comprehensive monitoring of blood bicarbonate (HCO 3¯) kinetics and evaluation of gastrointestinal (GI) upset to determine their impact on an ergogenic potential of sodium bicarbonate (SB) co-ingested with carbohydrate (CHO). Nineteen CrossFit athletes performed 6 bouts of 15 s Wingate...
The effects of caffeine mouth rinse (Caff-MR) on sports performance have been evaluated by recent studies presenting contrasting results. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of Caff-MR on sports performance. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommenda...
β-Alanine (BA) is one of the most widely used sport supplements, due to its capacity to improve high-intensity exercise performance by increasing muscle carnosine (MCarn) content, and consequently, the buffering capacity of the muscle. BA is also available in a variety of animal foods, but little is currently known about the influence of dietary BA...
Citation: Naderi, A.; Gobbi, N.; Ali, A.; Berjisian, E.; Hamidvand, A.; Forbes, S.C.; Koozehchian, M.S.; Karayigit, R.; Saunders, B. Carbohydrates and Endurance Exercise: A Narrative Review of a Food First Approach. Nutrients 2023, 15, 1367. https://doi. Abstract: Carbohydrate (CHO) supplements such as bars, gels, drinks and powders have become ubi...
Objective
To investigate if a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in healthy young individuals.
Methods
Nine participants (sex, female/male: 6/3; age: 13±1 years; VO2peak: 44.5±5.5 mL/kg/min) underwent a progressive square-wave test at four intensities: (1) 80% of ventilat...
![Mean ± SD blood [HCO3⁻] (a) pH (b) and lactate (c) responses to the...](publication/367467316/figure/fig2/AS:11431281159419576@1684375082303/MeanSD-blood-HCO3-a-pH-b-and-lactate-c-responses-to-the-2km-time-trial-during_Q320.jpg)
Purpose
Sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation can improve exercise performance, but few studies consider how effective it is in female athletes. The aim of the study was to establish the effect of individually timed pre-exercise SB ingestion on 2 km rowing time trial (TT) performance in female athletes.
Methods
Eleven female CrossFit® athletes (...
Purpose:
Investigate whether a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in untrained individuals.
Methods:
Healthy participants (n = 35; 17 men, age 30 [4] y, and 18 women, age 28 [5] y) underwent a progressive square wave test at 4 intensities: (1) 80% of ventilatory anaerob...
Background: Menthol (MEN) mouth rinsing (MR) has gained considerable interest in the athletic population for exercise performance; however, the overall magnitude of effect is unknown.
Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the efficacy of menthol MEN MR and the impact it has on exercise capacity and perform...
Background:
The lack of a national table informing the caffeine contents in foods, drinks, dietary supplements, and medications sold in Brazil added to the noncompulsory disclosure of caffeine contents on labels of food products makes it difficult to estimate caffeine consumption in the Brazilian population. Therefore, this study aimed to develop...
This study investigated the ability of the Brazilian Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ-BR), full and brief versions, to differentiate genetic profiles regarding the polymorphisms of the CYP1A2 (rs 762551) and ADORA2A (rs 5751876) genes in a cohort of Brazilian athletes. One-hundred and fifty participants were genotyped for CYP1A2 and ADORA2...
The potential ergogenic benefits of caffeine (CAF) are well known within the athletic community, often leading to its use in adolescent swimming cohorts to enhance their performance. However, it has previously been reported that CAF has sleep-disturbing effects, which could be detrimental to performance over consecutive days in multiday competition...
To identify how variables such as exercise condition, supplementation strategy, participant characteristics and demographics, and practices that control oral microbiota diversity could modify the effect of inorganic nitrate ingestion (as nitrate salt supplements, beetroot juice, and nitrate-rich vegetables) on exercise performance, we conducted a s...
Objective
The aim was to quantify the proportion of the literature on caffeine supplementation that reports habitual caffeine consumption, and determine the influence of habitual consumption on the acute exercise response to caffeine supplementation, using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach.
Methods
Three databases were searched, and a...
Background
Beetroot juice (BJ) and caffeine (CAF) are considered as ergogenic aids among athletes to enhance performance, however, the ergogenic effects of BJ and CAF co-ingestion are unclear during team-sport-specific performance. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of BJ and CAF co-ingestion on team-sport-specific performance, compa...
Objective: To investigate if wearing a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in healthy young individuals.
Methods: In a crossover design, 9 participants (sex, female/male: 6/3; age: 13±1 years; BMI: 18.4±2.1 kg/m2; sexual maturity rating, I/II/III/IV: 0/3/4/2; VO2peak: 44.5...
Highlights:
This study determined the effect of Caff-gum on exercise performance, using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fourteen studies, totalling 200 participants performing a variety of endurance and strength/power exercise tests were included. The relative Caff-gum dose ranged from 1.27-4.26 mg/kg BM and timing ranged from 120 min prior...
Background
Extracellular buffering supplements [sodium bicarbonate (SB), sodium citrate (SC), sodium/calcium lactate (SL/CL)] are ergogenic supplements, although questions remain about factors which may modify their effect.
Objective
To quantify the main effect of extracellular buffering agents on exercise outcomes, and to investigate the influenc...
Energy is a finite resource that is competitively distributed among the body’s systems and biological processes. During times of scarcity, energetic “trade-offs” may arise if less energy is available than is required to optimally sustain all systems. More immediately essential functions are predicted to be prioritized, even if this necessitates the...
Objectives: To investigate whether wearing a cloth facemask could affect physiological and perceptual responses to exercise at distinct exercise intensities in non-trained men and women.
Methods: In a crossover design, participants (17 men and 18 women) underwent a progressive square-wave test at four intensities (i. at 80% of the ventilatory anero...
We determined the effects of wearing a cloth facemask on exercise performance and subjective responses during training of track and field athletes. Track and field athletes (n = 10, sprinters and long jumpers) performed two training sessions with and without a three-layered antiviral cloth facemask. The training session simulated the specific deman...
Previous studies have investigated caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) in isolation and combined during exercise in males. However, the potential synergistic effect during high-intensity exercise remains unknown in female athletes. Seventeen female team-sport athletes participated (age: 23.4 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.68 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 59.5 ± 2.2 kg...
A comment on “CYP1A2 Genotype Modifies the Effects of Caffeine Compared With Placebo on Muscle Strength in Competitive Male Athletes” by Wong et al. (2021)
Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing seems to improve performance in exercises lasting 30-60 min. However, its effects on intermittent exercise are unclear. It is also unknown whether serial CHO mouth rinses can promote additional ergogenic effects when compared with a single mouth rinse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of single and s...
The COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world’s largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19 th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (1.04 billion), and one billion has been...
Based on a comprehensive review and critical analysis of the literature regarding the effects of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on exercise performance, conducted by experts in the field and selected members of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), the following conclusions represent the official Position of the Society:
1. Sup...
Freshwater turtles found in higher latitudes can experience extreme challenges to acid-base homeostasis while overwintering, due to a combination of cold temperatures along with the potential for environmental hypoxia. Histidine containing dipeptides (HCDs; carnosine, anserine and balenine) may facilitate pH regulation in response to these challeng...
Creatine has been considered an effective ergogenic aid for several decades; it can help athletes engaged in a variety of sports and obtain performance gains. Creatine supplementation increases muscle creatine stores; several factors have been identified that may modify the intramuscular increase and subsequent performance benefits, including basel...
Large inter-individual variability is present in most health and performance interventions but little is known about the factors that underpin this variation.
PURPOSE: To estimate the average group effect and intervention response variation from beta-alanine (BA) supplementation on high intensity cycling capacity.
METHODS: Individual participant...
Background: The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) is the international standard for pre-participation risk stratification and screening. In order to provide a practical and valid screening tool to facilitate safe engagement in physical activity and fitness assessments for the Brazilian population, this study aimed to t...
This study investigated the effects of caffeine mouth rinse on cycling time to exhaustion (TTE) and physiological responses in trained cyclists. In a double-blinded randomized counterbalanced cross-over design, 10 recreationally trained male cyclists (mean ± SD : 32 ± 3 years, 72.8 ± 5.3 kg, 1.78 ± 0.06 m, 13.9% ± 3.3% body fat, peak power output =...
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of using face masks during sports is likely balanced by coaches and athletes between the risk of infection and their impact on exercise performance. To inform this decision, we aimed to test the effects of wearing a cloth face mask on exercise performance and subjective responses during training of track...
Hilkens et al. (1) raise an interesting question - should low bone mass in elite road-cyclists be treated? We believe the extent of low bone mass should determine if direct treatment is warranted. Although cyclists may have lower bone mass than other groups (1), their T-scores generally reside toward the lower end of population norms and many don’t...
This study determined the influence of a high (HI) vs. low-intensity (LI) cycling warm-up on blood acid-base responses and exercise capacity following ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (SB; 0.3 g·kg-1 body-mass (BM)) or a placebo (PLA; maltodextrin) 3-hours prior to warm-up. Twelve men (21±2 years, 79.2±3.6 kg BM, maximum power output (Wmax) 318±36 W...
This study investigated the effect of beta-alanine supplementation on short-duration sprints and final 4-km simulated uphill cycling time-trial performance during a comprehensive and novel exercise protocol representative of the demands of road-race cycling, and determined if changes were related to increases in muscle carnosine content. Seventeen...
Currently, little is known about the extent of interindividual variability in response to beta-alanine (BA) supplementation, nor what proportion of said variability can be attributed to external factors or to the intervention itself (intervention response). To investigate this, individual participant data on the effect of BA supplementation on a hi...
Purpose: To estimate the proportion of the ergogenic effect that could be explained by placebo with well-known effective ergogenic aids including caffeine and buffers by meta-analysing data from studies containing both placebo and non-placebo control sessions. Methods: MedLine, Embase and SPORTDiscus were used to identify articles using relevant te...
Freshwater turtles found in higher latitudes can experience extreme challenges to acid-base homeostasis while overwintering, due to a combination of cold temperatures along with the potential for environmental hypoxia. Histidine containing dipeptides (HCDs; carnosine, anserine and balenine) may facilitate pH regulation in response to these challeng...
Background: Expectation of ingesting buffering and caffeine supplements, but having ingested placebo, can improve exercise performance in double-blind placebo-controlled studies. We determined the placebo effects associated with caffeine and buffering supplements with specific focus on factors modifying the size of these effects, including exercise...
To compare the pharmokinetic and gastrointestinal (GI) symptom responses between an equal dose of sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate using delayed-release capsules. Thirteen active males (age 20.5 ± 2.1 y, height 1.82 ± 0.1 m and body mass 76.5 ± 9.6 kg) consumed either 0.3 g.kg−1 BM sodium bicarbonate, sodium citrate or a placebo, using a doubl...
Purpose: Women’s professional cycling has grown in popularity, and this increase is also apparent in Brazil, which has increased its female cycling calendar in recent years. The aim of this observational study was to (1) determine training and competition loads of a top-level Brazilian female cycling team, (2) evaluate nutrition and clinical health...
![Mean (±SD) temporal blood pH (A) and bicarbonate concentration [HCO3-]...](publication/348937018/figure/fig1/AS:11431281239005286@1714137515141/Mean-SD-temporal-blood-pH-A-and-bicarbonate-concentration-HCO3-B-responses_Q320.jpg)
Introduction: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) is a well-established nutritional ergogenic aid that is typically ingested as a beverage or consumed in gelatine capsules. While capsules may delay the release of NaHCO3 and reduce gastrointestinal (GI) side effects compared with a beverage, it is currently unclear whether the capsule size may influence aci...
Purpose
This study assessed whether caffeine mouth rinsing affects 10-km run performance and vertical jump in recreational runners.
Methods
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted. Ten well-trained volunteers performed two trials, following caffeine or placebo mouth rinse, separated by seven days. Immediately before the 1...
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate if acute caffeine mouth rinse improved 800-m running time-trial
performance compared with placebo in recreational runners.
Methods In a randomized, crossover, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study, seven recreationally endurance-trained men
(age 24.6 ± 11.5 years; body mass 78.2 ± 7.9 kg...
Questions
Questions (3)
I have previously used Cosmed's K4 and although the actual data it collects is usually fine, we found that the equipment itself constantly ran into issues that needed servicing. This meant long waiting time during repairs and incredibly high repair costs.
Does anyone have any experience with the K5? Have they fixed the issues with the previous models and improved the reliability of this system? Also, anyone with an opinion, positive or negative, it would be great to have your input so I can make a decision as to whether pursue this equipment or search out alternatives.
Thanks!
I am looking to purchase a reliable heart rate monitor for research use. Despite the obvious quality of Polar HR equipment (I used Polar team in my previous institution), the majority of the new monitors appear only to have software for use on a mobile phone (e.g. Polar H7). I am concerned about the limitation of this software to allow detailed analysis of the data collected.
I would be keen to hear opinions on good (i.e. valid, reliable) heart rate monitors that connect to software that allows detailed analysis of a session (i.e. mean HR, peak HR, analysis of HR within different time periods).
I have already had a trawl around Research Gate and seen some interesting information, but these mainly relate to HR monitors for specific HRV measurements. I would be using the device to record HR during short and long duration exercise tests (i.e. max tests, performance tests).
Thanks!
I am trying to determine which portable lactate monitor is the best to use for research. Since it will be used in exercise testing, it needs to be accurate and reliable at both low (<5 mmol/L) and high (>10 mmol/L) concentrations.
There are many on the market with several papers detailing supposed reliability so it is not the most straight forward decision.
Any information or recommendations would be greatly appreciated.
