Bryan Conrad

Nike Inc. | NIKE · NSRL

The sport of basketball requires repeated dynamic side-to-side movements that can cause foot sliding and place excessive stress on the athlete. Footwear that provides containment to reduce the motion of the foot relative to the shoe may have performance and injury prevention advantages. Foot containment can vary significantly across different types...

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of 2 commonly used knee braces to control knee valgus motion and subsequent strain on the medial collateral ligament (MCL) in a laboratory-controlled environment. Methods Twenty healthy individuals (6 male, 14 female; mean age, 23 ± 3 years) with no history of knee injury or brace use per...

OBJECTIVE To compare stiffness and resistance to cyclic fatigue of two 3.5-mm locking system plate-rod constructs applied to an experimentally created fracture gap in femurs of canine cadavers. SAMPLE 20 femurs from cadavers of 10 mixed-breed adult dogs. PROCEDURES 1 femur from each cadaver was stabilized with a conical coupling plating system-rod...

Objective: Prehospital personnel who lack advanced airway management training must rely on basic techniques when transporting unconscious trauma patients. The supine position is associated with a loss of airway patency when compared to lateral recumbent positions. Thus, an inherent conflict exists between securing an open airway using the recovery...

Despite the ubiquity of gait assessment in clinic and research, it is unclear how observation impacts gait, particularly in persons with chronic pain and psychological stress. We compared temporal spatial gait patterns in people with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP) when they were aware and unaware of being observed. This was a repeated-mea...

Background: Endotracheal intubation is not always an option for unconscious trauma patients. Prehospital personnel are then faced with the dilemma of maintaining an adequate airway without risking deleterious movement of a potentially unstable cervical spine. To address these two concerns various alternatives to the classical recovery position hav...

Background Context. Medial branch blocks may have unrecognized vascular uptake potentially resulting in false- negative results. Purpose. To determine the rate of unintended vascular injection of contrast medium during medial branch blocks (MBB) with digital subtraction (DS) technology in the context of negative vascular uptake as determined by liv...

Background: A patient with a suspected cervical spine injury may be at risk for secondary neurologic injury when initially placed and repositioned to the center of the spine board. Objectives: We sought to determine which centering adjustment best limits cervical spine movement and minimizes the chance for secondary injury. Methods: Using five...

Sport Research Review article published in September 2014.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that there are better alternatives to log rolling patients with unstable spinal injuries, although this method is still commonly used for placing patients onto a spine board. No previous studies have examined transfer maneuvers involving an injured football player with equipment in place onto a spine board....

Pain diagrams are a useful tool to help physicians understand the varying presentation patterns of specific pain generators. This study is the first to describe the potential pain patterns of the glenohumeral joint (GHJ) based on responses to diagnostic image-guided GHJ injections. To determine potential GHJ pain referral patterns. 162 consecutive...

The canine knee is morphologically similar to the human knee and thus dogs have been used in experimental models to study human knee pathology. To date, there is limited data of normal canine 3D knee kinematics during daily activities. The objective of this study was to characterize 3D in-vivo femorotibial kinematics in normal dogs during commonly...

Dear Editor, We concur with Doctors Knezevic, Lissounov, and Candido that pain relief resulting in the prevention of spinal surgery is one goal of interventional spine procedures. While this effect has been documented [1,2], it is a capricious outcome measure. It was serendipitous that we mentioned the avoidance of surgery as an outcome measure in...

To examine whether anchors used in arthroscopic Bankart repair increased the risk of subsequent fracture, six intact polyurethane scapulae and six with three 3.0-mm suture anchors placed along the anteroinferior glenoid were compared. An axial load of 1 mm/s was applied to the anteroinferior glenohumeral joint with a prosthetic humeral head. Outcom...

Background Glenoid resurfacing can be a challenging component of total shoulder arthroplasty when significant glenoid retroversion or deformity is present. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a newly designed glenoid-targeting guide using the parallel relationship between glenoid version and an anatomic fulcrum axis could accurately...

Objective: To examine whether runners recovering from a lower body musculoskeletal injury have different metabolic, cardiopulmonary, and gait responses compared with healthy runners. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratory at an academic institution. Methods: Healthy runners (n = 50) were compared with runners who were re...

Purpose This pilot study tested whether FiberWire provides similar protection to steel wire against repair displacement in patella fractures. Methods Thirteen cadaver knees were cyclically loaded with 10 cycles (0–90° flexion) and fracture displacement was recorded. Fixation methods were also tested in load to failure (>3 mm displacement). Result...

Study objective: To compare the amount of segmental vertebral motion produced with the lateral recovery position and the HAINES technique when performed on cadavers with destabilized cervical spines. Methods: The cervical spines of 10 cadavers were surgically destabilized at the C5-C6 vertebral segment. Sensors from an electromagnetic tracking d...

Objective: To compare accuracy of a noninvasive single-plane fluoroscopic technique with radiostereometric analysis (RSA) for determining 3-D femorotibial poses in a canine cadaver with normal stifle joints. Sample: Right pelvic limb from a 25-kg adult mixed-breed dog. Procedures: A CT scan of the limb was obtained before and after metal beads...

Objective: To compare accuracy of a noninvasive single-plane fluoroscopic analysis technique with radiostereometric analysis (RSA) for determining 3-D femorotibial poses in a canine cadaver stifle joint treated by tibial-plateau-leveling osteotomy (TPLO). Sample: Left pelvic limb from a 25-kg adult mixed-breed dog. Procedures: A CT scan of the...

The purposes of this study were to compare the oxygen cost, metabolic parameters and temporalspatial variables between barefoot and shod running in trained mid-forefoot runners. Experienced runners (N=21; 30.0±10.9 years; 16 men) performed two separate 20 minute treadmill running bouts at ~77% of estimated maximal heart rate. Rate of oxygen consump...

To evaluate if trainee involvement (Resident and fellow) during transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI) results in higher rates of vasovagal reactions. Retrospective study on consecutive patients SETTING: Single Academic Medical Center with multiple attending physicians and trainees. 2642 consecutive subjects undergoing 4482 TFESI were a...

To compare biomechanical properties of (1) 4.5 mm cortical screws and Fitz Fenestrated Tubular Transcondylar (F2T2) screws; (2) normal humeri and humeri with an intracondylar osteotomy; and (3) humeri with an intracondylar osteotomy stabilized with either a 4.5 mm cortical screw or a F2T2 screw. Cadaveric biomechanical assessment. 4.5 mm cortical s...

Background Lumbar transforaminal epidural injections are commonly utilized to treat radicular pain due to intervertebral disc herniation. Objective This study aims to determine if there was a major difference in effectiveness between particulate and nonparticulate corticosteroids for acute radicular pain due to lumbar disc herniation. DesignA multi...

Objectives To evaluate if trainee involvement (Resident and fellow) during transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI) results in higher rates of vasovagal reactions. Design Retrospective study on consecutive patients Setting Single Academic Medical Center with multiple attending physicians and trainees. Participants 2642 consecutive subj...

Androgen administration protects against musculoskeletal deficits in models of sex-steroid deficiency and injury/disuse. However, it remains unknown whether testosterone prevents bone loss accompanying spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition that results in a near universal occurrence of osteoporosis. Our primary purpose was to determine whether test...

Transection of the canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) is a well-established osteoarthritis (OA) model. The effect of CCL loss on contact pressure and joint alignment has not been quantified for stifle loading in standing. The purposes of the study were to measure femorotibial contact areas and stresses and joint alignment following transection...

To compare the effects of four months of isolated lumbar resistance exercise and total body resistance exercise on walking performance in obese, older adults with chronic low back pain (LBP). A secondary analysis examined whether responsiveness to training modulated walking improvement. Randomized, controlled trial (RCT) SETTING: Research laborator...

Background This study created an anatomic reconstruction of the distal oblique bundle (DOB) of the interosseous membrane to determine its effect on distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability and compare this technique with distal radioulnar ligament (DRUL) reconstruction. Questions/Purposes We hypothesized that this reconstruction would provide equ...

Although it is essential to maintain a secure airway in a trauma patient, it is also critical to protect the potentially injured cervical spine. It has previously been suggested that the jaw thrust maneuver be used in place of the head tilt-chin lift in the suspected spine-injured patient. We sought to examine whether the jaw thrust was in fact saf...

To determine the rate of vasovagal (vv) complications in fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures. Retrospective case series analysis of prospectively collected data from March 8, 2004 to January 30, 2009. A single academic medical center. Four thousand one hundred eighty-three subjects undergoing 8,010 consecutive injections. Pearson's ch...

This study examined the changes in synovial fluid levels of cytokines, oxidative stress and viscosity six months after intraarticular hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment in adults and elderly adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA). This was a prospective, repeated-measures study design in which patients with knee OA were administered 1% sodium hyaluronate...

To (1) compare the effect of cyclic loading on craniocaudal tibial translation in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL)-deficient stifles after extracapsular stabilization, and (2) evaluate the effect of peak force during cyclic loading on the rate of development of craniocaudal laxity. Biomechanical cadaveric study. Cadaveric pelvic limbs (n = 24 pairs...

Context: Two methods have been proposed to transfer an individual in the prone position to a spine board. Researchers do not know which method provides the best immobilization. Objective: To determine if motion produced in the unstable cervical spine differs between 2 prone logrolling techniques and to evaluate the effect of equipment on the mot...

As prehospital emergency rescuers prepare cervical spine-injured adult patients for immobilization and transport to hospital, it is essential that patients be placed in a favorable position. Previously, it was recommended that patients with cervical spine injuries be immobilized in a slightly flexed position using pads placed beneath the head. Howe...

Commercially available binder devices are commonly used in the acute treatment of pelvic fractures, while many advocate simply placing a circumferential sheet for initial stabilization of such injuries. We sought to determine whether or not the T-POD would provide more stability to an unstable pelvic injury as compared to circumferential pelvic she...

Spinal stenosis is defined as neurogenic claudication due to narrowing of the spinal canal lumen diameter. As the disease progresses, ambulation and gait may be impaired. Self-report measures are routinely used in the clinical setting to capture data related to lumbar pain symptoms, function and perceived disability. The associations between self-r...

There are several factors that can affect the fatigue life of a bone plate, including the mechanical properties of the plate and the complexity of the fracture, position of the screws can influence construct stiffness, plate strain and cyclic fatigue of the plate. No studies have investigated these variables in implants utilized for long bone fract...

To evaluate whether cerclage wire or a lateral plate increases the peak-torque load to failure, compared to femora without adjunctive fixation, in femora implanted with Zurich Cementless stems. In vitro biomechanical study. Paired femora from adult dogs (n = 24) weighing 28–35 kg. Pairs of femora were implanted with a stem and randomly assigned to...

Trenbolone (TREN), a potent testosterone analog, does not undergo 5[alpha]‐reduction to the more potent metabolite dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and may produce androgenic effects without DHT‐mediated adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the trenbolone – induced augmentation of LABC muscle mass in orchi...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the pull-through force of soft-tissue allografts increases over time after being hydrated with saline-soaked sponges. Eighteen aseptic soft-tissue, fresh-frozen anterior tibialis allograft specimens were thawed and sized using standard sizing guides. After sizing, initial pull-through force was mea...

Objective: This study determined whether kinesiophobia levels were different among older adults with chronic low back pain (LBP) and varying body mass index and whether kinesiophobia predicted perceived disability or walking endurance. Design: This study was a secondary analysis from a larger interventional study. Older adults with obesity with...

Objective: This study determined whether mobility and functional pain were different among older men and women with chronic low-back pain and varying body mass index levels. Design: This was a comparative, descriptive study of older adults with obesity with low-back pain (N = 55; 60-85 yrs). The participants were stratified on the basis of body...

Excessive spinal motion generated during multiple bed transfers of patients with unstable spine injuries may contribute to neurological deterioration. To evaluate spinal motion in a cadaveric model of global spinal instability during hospital bed transfers using several commonly used techniques. Design/participants: A motion analysis and evaluation...

Objective: To compare the effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) intra-articular knee injections on pain and functional outcomes in persons with knee osteoarthritis (OA) over 6 months, and to determine whether or not changes in functional pain are related to improvements in quality of life. Design: A prospective cohort study. Setting: A research labor...

Background: The effects of advanced airway management on cervical spine alignment in patients with upper cervical spine instability are uncertain. Methods: To examine the potential for mechanical disruption during endotracheal intubation in cadavers with unstable cervical spines, we performed a prospective observational cohort study with 3 cadav...

Study design: A gross anatomic and motion analysis study in cadavers. Objective: Assess spinal motion in a cadaveric spinal fracture model and investigate the ability of external orthoses to control this motion. Summary of background data: External orthoses are frequently prescribed for patients who have experienced burst fracture of the thora...

Purpose. We have observed worsening thumb pain following carpal tunnel release (CTR) in some patients. Our purpose was to determine the effect of open CTR on thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) biomechanics. Methods. Five fresh-frozen cadaver arms with intact soft tissues were used. Each specimen was secured to a jig which fixed the forearm at 45° supinati...

To evaluate the effect of proximal ulnar rotational osteotomy (PURO) on the contact mechanics and 3-dimensional (3D) alignment of cadaveric normal dog elbows. Ex vivo biomechanical study. Unpaired thoracic limbs from 12 dogs (mean ± SD weight, 26 ± 4 kg). PURO consisted of a transverse osteotomy with 30° external rotation of the proximal segment. W...

Objective: To determine mechanical properties of various prosthetic materials secured to cadaveric canine femurs via various methods and to compare results with those for isolated loops of prosthetic material. Sample: 80 femurs obtained from cadavers of skeletally mature large-breed dogs. Procedures: 10 femoral constructs in each of 8 groups (...

One major concern regarding soft tissue allograft use in surgical procedures is the risk of disease transmission. Current techniques of tissue sterilization, such as irradiation have been shown to adversely affect the mechanical properties of soft tissues. Grafts processed using Biocleanse processing (a proprietary technique developed by Regenerati...

To evaluate the effects of antebrachial rotation at 3 elbow flexion angles on contact mechanics and 3-dimensional (3D) alignment of normal dog elbows. Ex vivo biomechanical study. Unpaired thoracic limbs from 18 dogs (mean ± SD weight, 27 ± 4 kg). With the limb under 200 N axial load, digital pressure sensors measured contact area (CA), mean contac...

Testosterone enanthate (TE) administration attenuates bone loss in orchiectomized (ORX) rats. However, testosterone administration may increase risk for prostate/lower urinary tract related adverse events and polycythemia in humans. Trenbolone enanthate (TREN) is a synthetic testosterone analogue that preserves bone mineral density (BMD) and result...

Objective: Most trauma centers place pelvic binders on unstable pelvic fractures for acute management and control of hemorrhage. It has been proposed that the binders be placed at the level of the greater trochanters of the femur. Our hypothesis was that application of the T-POD at this site would provide better immobilization of an unstable pelvi...

Currently, up to 25% of patients with spinal cord injuries may experience neurologic deterioration during the initial management of their injuries. Therefore, more effective procedures need to be established for the transportation and care of these to reduce the risk of secondary neurologic damage. Here, we present more acceptable methods to minimi...

Objective: Both estrogen and mechanical loading regulate bone maintenance. However, mechanical overload seems less effective in enhancing bone mineral density (BMD) in estrogen-deficient women. The aim of this study was to determine whether estradiol (E2) influences early-phase bone adaptations to reambulation (REAMB) and/or rehabilitation exercis...

Many studies have compared the restriction of motion that immobilization collars provide to the injured victim. No previous investigation has assessed the amount of motion that is generated during the fitting and removal process. The purpose of this study was to compare the three-dimensional motion generated when one-piece and two-piece cervical co...

Most institutions treating pelvic fractures use some method of acute mechanical stabilization. This typically involves use of pelvic binders or circumferential sheeting, and/or external fixation. The comparative value of these different modalities is controversial. We hypothesized that an external fixator would provide more stability to an unstable...

Biomechanical cadaveric study. We sought to analyze the amount of motion generated in the unstable cervical spine during various maneuvers and transfers that a trauma patient would typically be subjected to prior to definitive fixation, using 2 different protocols. From the time of injury until the spine is adequately stabilized in the operating ro...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent cause of disability in the United States, with the medial compartment of the knee being most commonly affected. The initiation and progression of knee OA is influenced by many factors, including kinematics. In response to loading during weight-bearing activity, cartilage in healthy knees demonstrates spatial...

Introduction Obesity rates continue to rise and more total hip arthroplasty procedures are being performed in progressively younger, obese patients. Hence, maintenance of long term physical function will become very important for quality of life, functional independence and hip prosthesis survival. Presently, there are no reviews of the long term e...