Bruno GauthierUniversité de Montréal | UdeM · Department of Psychology
Bruno Gauthier
Doctor of Psychology
About
44
Publications
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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (44)
Background
Systematically collecting data on clientele databases allows for describing the clientele's needs and addressing various clinical research questions. Conducted in a university psychology clinic, this initiative seeks to improve the overall quality of care provided by integrating evidence‐based practices. This study works to bridge the ga...
Background
The Alouette‐R (2005) by Lefavrais is one of the most widely used tools to assess reading skills in French. However, this instrument does not have normative data specific to the French‐speaking population of Quebec, Canada.
Aims
The validity of an assessment being strongly compromised when using inappropriate norms, the first objective...
Background: Tourette syndrome (TS) and Chronic Tic Disorder (CT) are neurodevelopmental conditions involving motor and/or phonic tics. Youth with tics may encounter feelings of isolation, diminished self-esteem and quality of life, and academic difficulties. A growing body of scientific literature suggests sex differences in youth with tics, but fi...
Background:
Tourette syndrome (TS) can be accompanied by neurocognitive impairment. Only a few studies have focused on executive function assessment in TS using design fluency, providing preliminary results. This study aimed to characterize the detailed design fluency profile of children with TS compared with neurotypical children, while addressin...
Le test de Hayling mesure l’inhibition verbale et est largement utilisé chez l’adulte. Les données psychométriques sont restreintes pour la version Junior et les normes pour les enfants québécois sont inexistantes. L’objectif de cette étude était de produire des normes préliminaires du Test de Hayling Junior pour les enfants québécois selon certain...
La majorité des outils d'évaluation de lecture de mots employés au Québec sont européens et ne permettent pas d'évaluer adéquatement les habiletés de lecture des enfants québécois, en raison de leur inadéquation sur les plans linguistique et psychométrique. Pour répondre à ce manque d'outils adaptés, le Test d'évaluation du langage écrit québécois...
Les sous-tests « Lecture de mots et de pseudomots » et « Dictée de mots et de pseudomots » du Test d'évaluation du langage écrit québécois ont été développés et prévalidés pour permettre l'évaluation de la dyslexie/dysorthographie chez les enfants francophones québécois de la 2 e à la 6 e année primaire (Beaudry et al., 2020; Laniel et al., 2022)....
Les avancées technologiques rapides auxquelles nous assistons depuis les dernières décennies contribuent au déploiement de nouvelles modalités thérapeutiques pour les jeunes présentant un trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDAH). Ces outils novateurs peuvent être utilisés en conjoncture avec d’autres types d’intervention, dont la phar...
Objective: ADHD and its associated inhibition deficits might promote creativity. However, results in the literature are conflicting, possibly due to the heterogeneity of ADHD. To control for this heterogeneity, creativity, and inhibition were investigated in the predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and combined (ADHD-C) presentations. Method: Partici...
Background:
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often associated with frontal executive impairment in children. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and anxiety disorders (AD) frequently accompany ADHD, but the impact of these comorbid disorders on cognition remains elusive. The five-point test (FPT), a design fluency task, has been...
Objective: Supervisors in neuropsychology have an ethical responsibility to continuously improve their ability to supervise. Despite a growing interest in the field, there exist little data on the actual practice and few guidelines to help the practitioner through the process of neuropsychology supervision. This study aims to characterize neuropsyc...
This study examine the effects of the Cogmed training program among youths 7 to 13 years old, while controlling presence and presentation of ADHD‐related comorbidity. Participants were under pharmacological treatment for ADHD. They were randomized into an experimental group that received the Cogmed program and an active control group. They were eva...
The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of the Cogmed training program on working memory among youths 7 to 13 years old, with ADHD type and comorbidity controlled for. A secondary objective was to examine the generalization of effects to ADHD symptoms, non‐verbal reasoning, attentional and executive functions, inhibition, rea...
Résumé
Introduction
L’entraînement de la mémoire de travail par le programme Cogmed est une intervention proposée dans le cadre de la prise en charge des jeunes présentant un trouble du déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDA/H). L’efficacité à plus long terme de ce type d’intervention n’est cependant pas clairement démontrée à l’heure actuelle....
La plupart des outils disponibles en clinique pour évaluer la dysorthographie ont été créés en Europe et ne permettent pas de mesurer adéquatement les habiletés d'orthographe des enfants québécois. Pour répondre à ce manque d'outils adaptés, le Test d'évaluation du langage écrit québécois a été créé. L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire la pe...
Ce guide pédagogique a été conçu pour accompagner les vidéos créées par la Fondation Jasmin Roy Sophie Desmarais pour faciliter l'inclusion des élèves présentant un trouble du déficit de l'attention-hyperactivité (TDAH). Il a pour objectif d'aider les parents, les enseignants et toute autre personne côtoyant un enfant ayant un TDAH : à mieux compre...
In this study, we aimed to determine whether a new measure of fine motor skills, the Pen Stroke Test (PST), can discriminate between children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Twelve children with ADHD and 12 controls age 8–11 were asked to produce handwriting strokes on a digitizer. The sigma-lognormal model derived...
Neurocognitive functioning in Tourette syndrome (TS) has been the subject of intensive research in the past 30 years. A variety of impairments, presumably related to frontal and frontostriatal dysfunctions, have been observed. These impairments were found in various domains, such as attention, memory, executive functions, language, motor and visuom...
Pré-validation d’un outil d’évaluation de l’écriture de et de la lecture de mots adapté aux enfants québécois.
The neuropsychology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been extensively studied, with a general focus on global performance measures of executive function. In this study, we compared how global (i.e., endpoint) versus process (i.e., dynamic) measures of performance may help characterize children with and without ADHD using a des...
La mémoire de travail est une fonction cognitive souvent affectée, dans le contexte d’un TDAH . L’entraînement de la mémoire de travail par le programme informatisé Cogmed est une intervention qui est proposée auprès des patients présentant un TDAH . Le but de cette intervention est l’amélioration de la mémoire de travail par la répétition d’exerci...
Introduction: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are key symptoms of ADHD. It is typically associated with working memory deficits at the cognitive level. For this reason, interventions have been designed to train working memory in ADHD. Currently,...
Infant-directed speech (IDS) is believed to facilitate language learning. However, the benefit may be either due to clearer acoustic correlates to linguistic structures, or simply increased attention from infants induced by IDS exaggerated prosody. This study investigated the pure effect of IDS pitch on lexical tone learning, with attentional/affec...
This study uses connectionist modeling to explore whether and how infants might learn prosodic focus directly from continuous speech input. Focus is a communicative function that serves to put emphasis on a particular part of an utterance, and it is mainly encoded by pitch variations. The acquisition of focus entails two major difficulties. The fir...
Infants develop phonetic categories by simply being exposed to adult speech. It remains unclear, however, how they handle the extensive variability inherent to speech, and how they process multiple linguistic functions that share the same acoustic parameters. Across four neural network simulations of lexical tone acquisition, self-organizing maps w...
We explore in this study how infants may derive phonetic categories from adult input that are highly variable. Neural networks in the form of self-organizing maps (SOMs; ) were used to simulate unsupervised learning of Mandarin tones. In Simulation 1, we trained the SOMs with syllable-sized continuous F(0) contours, produced by multiple speakers in...
The surface F0 patterns of lexical tones contain variability from many different sources, which raises questions as to how infants can learn tones based on such highly variable input. A recent modeling study showed that the velocity profiles of F0 (i.e., first derivatives, or D1) enable naive learners to successfully categorize the four Mandarin to...
Previous work showed that 8‐month‐old French‐learning infants segment both highly and moderately frequent function words from continuous speech [Shi and Gauthier, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2426 (2005)]. In the present study we examine if high‐frequency function words are segmented by even younger infants. Participants were 6‐month‐old Quebec‐French‐...
Functional elements are crucial for the structure of the grammar. Both innatist and inductionist frameworks of language acquisition pay particular attention to the development of these elements. Classic work showed that function words and functional morphemes start to emerge in children's speech much later than content words; children's early produ...
Perception studies have shown that by the age of six months, infants show particular response patterns to tones in their native language. The present study focuses on how infants might develop lexical tones in Man‐ darin. F0 is generally considered the main cue in tone perception. However, F0 patterns in connected speech display extensive contextua...
Previous work has shown that German-learning 7-9-month-old infants recognize function words (Hoehle and Weissenborn, 2003). English-learning infants recognize function words around 10.5-11 months (Schafer et al. 1998; Shady, 1996; Shi et al., 2003, 2004), and the highly frequent determiner ``the'' at 8 months (Shi et al., 2004). The present study i...
Previous research has shown that the perception of speech in infants moves gradually from being language-general to be ing language-specific during the first year of life. Recently, it was found that infants learning a tone language begin to show particular response patterns to tones in their native language during their first year [1]. In this stu...
The habituation techniques used in infant speech perception studies are based on the fact that infants show renewed interest towards novel stimuli. Recent work has shown the possibility of using artificial neural networks to model habituation and dishabituation (e.g., Schafer and Mareschal, 2001). In our study we examine weather the self-organizing...
Cette thèse explore le développement de la parole chez l'enfant durant la première année de vie. Elle vise précisément à caractériser le mécanisme à la base de l'acquisition des catégories phonétiques. Les nombreuses recherches dans le domaine offrent un portrait compréhensible de la trajectoire développementale de la perception de la parole. Les m...