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Introduction
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June 1969 - January 2004
Education
July 2020 - August 2020
Publications
Publications (38)
A small No. 2 fuel oil spill contaminated a Mytilus edulis population in the Cape Cod Canal, Massachusetts, USA during a three day period in April 1983. Retention and release of the fuel oil compounds were assessed over several days and months. Compounds analyzed included n-alkanes, pristane, phytane, C2 -, C3 –naphthalenes, flourene, phenanthrene,...
We chronicle the extensive influence over the past forty years of Professor Edward D. Goldberg and his call in 1975 for a "Mussel Watch" or bivalve sentinel organism approach to assess geographic status and temporal trends of several chemicals of environmental concern in the coastal ocean. Examples of local, regional, national and international pro...
Deliberate and inadvertent discharges of chemical contaminants of environmental concern to the world's coastal ocean will continue for the foreseeable future, as human population increases and human habitation intensifies in the coastal zone worldwide. The goal of the International Mussel Watch Project is to provide an assessment of the status and...
Petroleum hydrocarbons persist in salt marsh sediments in Winsor Cove (Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts) impacted from the 1974 spill of No. 2 fuel oil by the barge Bouchard 65. Intertidal sediment cores were collected from 2001 to 2005 and analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). TPHs content was greatest (as high as 8.7 mg g(-1) dry weight) i...
Large accidental oil spills such as the tanker Torrey Canyon off the United Kingdom in 1967 and the Santa Barbara Oil Well Blowout of 1969, and attendant publicity, demonstrated that oil spills could be messy, have adverse effects on birds and other wildlife by oiling, and capture the public attention. However, careful scientific study of oil spill...
The activities of modern civilization have released to the oceans a wide variety of both mobilized natural compounds and synthetic compounds not found prior to modern times. Many of these compounds provide a means of identifying sources of inputs and pathways of movement of chemicals through oceanic ecosystems and serve as molecular markers of huma...
The objective International Mussel Watch is to assess the extent of chemical contamination in the equatorial and subequatorial areas of the southern hemisphere with particular attention to coastal areas of developing countries. The First Phase took place in South America, Central America, the Caribbean and Mexico with particular emphasis on PCBs an...
The National Status & Trends (NS&T, 1986–1993) and the International Mussel Watch (IMW, 1991–1992) programmes provide a good coverage of a broad range of environmental conditions along the North, Central and South American coasts. Total concentrations of DDTs, chlordane-related compounds, PCBs and PAHs present fairly homogeneous distributions along...
Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs), coprostanol and epi-coprostanol, were detected in sediment trap and bottom sediment samples at the Deep Water Dump Site 106 located 185 km off the coast of New Jersey, in water depths from 2400 to 2900 m. These findings clearly indicate that organic pollutants derived from dumped sludge are transported through the water...
The barge Florida spilled No. 2 fuel oil into Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts on 29 September 1969. Sediments from five of the original stations were sampled in August 1989 and analysed for fuel oil hydrocarbons. Two subtidal and one intertidal marsh station showed no evidence of fuel oil. One subtidal mud core had traces of biodegraded fuel oil at 10–...
Activities of the WHOI Coastal Research Center during the period of March 1986 to July 1988 are briefly described. Major activities during this period include: (1) global climate change, (2) assimilative capacity, (3) coastal instrumentation and (4) rapid response. During this period the Georges Bank book was completed and published by MIT Press. C...
Two recirculating microcosms were used to study the fate of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) benz(a)anthracene (BA) near the sediment-water interface. In the absence of direct sunlight, degradation of 14C-labeled BA added to the water column was followed in the water column, in the sediment reservoir, and in the polychaete . Extensive meta...
The utility of the bivalve sentinel organism approach to monitoring for some chemicals of environmental concern in coastal and estuarine areas has been evaluated by regional and national programs and by smaller-scale research efforts during the past 15 years. The extent and severity of coastal contamination by chemicals such as polychlorinated biph...
Description
Offers examples where new methods and approaches of environmental monitoring are being employed. Papers elaborate on specific concerns, questions, and program criteria that characterize the development of monitoring programs and provide paradigams for future monitoring programs. Key discussion concepts include water quality, statistical...
Analyses of PCBs in sediment, water and organisms by high resolution gas chromatographic quantitative determination of individual chlorobiphenyls revealed marked compositional differences in segments of the Acushnet River estuary ecosystem. Dramatic differences in chlorobiphenyl compositions in tissues of lobster, crab and fish compared to composit...
Polychaetes collected from New York Bight sediments near sewage sludge and harbor dredge spoil drump sites contained a series of diaromatic-tetracyclic hydrocarbons of apparent triterpenoid origin. Microbial processes in sewage sludge are a likely source of these compounds. These octahydrochrysenes were much more abundant in the polychaetes than we...
Mussel Watch II, 'Chemical changes in the coastal zone', Honolulu, Hawaii, 7-11 November 1983
Investigations into the fate of petroleum compounds in the marine environment were carried out using experimental microcosms of two sizes and designs. Aromatic hydrocarbons or No. 2 fuel oil were spiked to the water of a 13 m3 continuous flow system and to a 2281 recycled flow system. The transport and alteration of this oil was traced in the sedim...
The isolation and quantification of the various sources of trace levels of hydrocarbons in environmental samples is a difficult analytical task. Based on the hydrocarbon concentrations found in non-polluted surface sediment and an estimate of the amounts of coal particles found in similar areas we conclude that unburned coal can be a significant so...
Drinking water transported in vinyl-coated asbestos-cement pipes often contains elevated concentrations of tetrachloroethylene, which is used as solvent during application of the vinyl coating. Tetrachloroethylene contamination of drinking waters flowing in vinyl-coated asbestos-cement pipes in Falmouth, Mass., is assessed. Problems encountered in...
The vertical flux of particulate organic matter to the ocean floor is controlled by complex remineralization and transport processes. Rapidly sinking, large (>32 µm) particles may account for most of the vertical mass flux1–3. Experiments involving collection of sedimenting particles in traps deployed at varying depths in the water column provide a...
High concentrations of hydrocarbons (500–3000 μg/g dry weight) together with a complex and wide molecular weight range of composition, and low 14C activity of δ14C = −833 ± 50%. strongly indicate that fossil fuel hydrocarbons make up the bulk of hydrocarbons in and near the New York Bight dump site areas. The composition and concentrations of hydro...
The concentrations and composition of hydrocarbons in sections from a 210Pb dated core from Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts are reported. Terrigenous n-alkane concentrations remain constant throughout the 62 cm and 195 years sampled. Gas Chromatographic analysis on SCOT columns revealed an unresolved complex mixture of alkanes and cycloalkanes which de...
Abstract Three extraction procedures - Methanol : benzene Soxhlet extraction with and without pretreatment of sediment with 1N HCl and alkaline hydrolysis extraction - were applied to subsamples of a surface sediment sample. The three procedures yielded similar amounts of hydrocarbons as determined by gravimetric analysis. Gas chromatographs of the...
IN spite of very convincing evidence to the contrary, crude oil and oil
products are still occasionally considered to be ``insoluble'' in
aqueous systems. In view of recent reports of major ecological
disruptions caused by oil pollution1,2, it seemed imperative
to collect more data on the solubility of oil and oil products in water
systems3,4. We h...
The biogeochemistry of hydrocarbons in benthic ecosystems has been investigated by experimentation and field observations. A recirculating benthic chamber with field deployment and on-land experimental capabilities has been designed, constructed, tested, and used in experimentation. A C-14 benzanthracene experiment was conducted in two benthic cham...
A preliminary report is made of a BLM intercalibration sediment sample from the Santa Barbara basin spiked with South Louisiana crude oil. The two subsamples reported were analyzed by a procedure described in the appendix for which a separate abstract was written. Because of the high oil content of the sediment the usual thin layer chromatography p...
Retention and release of No. 2 fuel-oil compounds by Mytilus edulis contaminated by a small oil spill in the Cape Cod Canal in 1983 was studied for the population in situ and for a subsample transplanted to a clean laboratory seawater system. Compounds analyzed include C13 to C24 n-alkanes; pristane; phytane; C2-, C3-naphthalenes; fluorene; phenant...