Bruce Sales

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• Doctor of Philosophy and Juris Doctor
• Virginia L. Roberts Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Indiana University Bloomington

While most of the literature on the experiences of physically disabled offenders in prison is legal or anecdotal, there is next to no epidemiological exploration of this special population in our state and federal correctional facilities. This is particularly troubling because it is estimated that there are over 220,000 inmates who have some degree...

Recently introduced theories of sex offending, including the self-regulation model and the multimodal self-regulation theory, have implicated self-regulatory deficits as a key variable in the development of sexually inappropriate interests and behaviors. While dysregulation has been considered an important component of a variety of behavioral, emot...

In this chapter, we explore this area of research and consider the findings that have contributed to our understanding of sex-offending behaviors. First, we briefly discuss the early psychodynamic formulations of sexuality and personality development. Second, we address more recent conceptualizations of personality as applied to sex-offending popul...

In the 1980s, an upsurge in public awareness and media attention contributed to a significant increase in the numbers of child abuse and neglect incidents reported to law enforcement and child protection agencies. Because of the psychological trauma and distress that the child may have experienced prior to trial and the additional negative psycholo...

This book aims to transform criminal profiling into a credible science and practice that will reliably aid law enforcement investigation. Authors Scotia J. Hicks and Bruce D. Sales painstakingly critique the state of criminal profiling today and find the practice of criminal profiling to be an art more than an established science, lacking clear lin...

What type of education and training is best suited for forensic psychology? There is no simple answer. The ideal training options should be varied based on both the trainee's career goals and the educational administrative limits of the existing programs. This chapter considers both the more mundane and more nuanced aspects of training goals, appro...

Complex legal issues often involve contested facts that require expert knowledge. In such cases, legal decision makers look to experts from fields as diverse as the behavioral, social, biomedical, or physical sciences to help settle disputes. More Than the Law: Behavioral and Social Facts in Legal Decision Making provides a fascinating and accessib...

Laws Affecting Clinical Practice is a comprehensive, concise, readily understandable resource outlining the legal obligations and responsibilities of mental health professionals (MHPs). Identifying legal topics affecting mental health practices and services, Sales, Miller, and Hall address a wide range of legal topics, including licensing; privacy...

Despite laws in the United States enacted to protect individuals with disabilities in prison, there is ample case law to demonstrate that the intent of these laws has not been achieved. Using the existing US legal and social science literatures and experiences, this article considers: the problems hearing-impaired offenders face in prison that are...

The authors explore critical points in the interaction between forensic practice and law and policy. Using forensic assessment and testimony as primary examples, the authors argue that changes in the law as well as forensic practice have transformed the responsibilities of both forensic practitioners and legal actors. The difficulties posed by thes...

The decision of the United States Supreme Court to change the stan dardsfortheadmis si bilityof ex pert testimony in the fed eral courts, and the adop tion of this stan dard by many states, was thoughtto portend many changes in the pre sen tation of expert tes it-mony by psychologists (and other behavioral and social scientists). In this ar ti cle,...

Who are offenders with special needs and what kind of treatment do they need? Offering a multidisciplinary look at mental health services in the correctional field, this book comprehensively examines the field, exploring the history, rights, standards, and treatment in mental health corrections. Loaded with practical information, the book covers wh...

The Supreme Court and many state courts have assumed that jurors are capable of differentiating less accurate clinical opinion expert testimony from expert testimony based on more sound scientific footing and of appropriately weighing these two types of testimony in their decisions. Persuasion and jury decision-making research, however, both sugges...

Although divorce rates in the United States appear to be on the decline, the legal process of divorce and the psychological, social, and economic problems associated with it are still a common experience for many children. Estimates predict that over 40% of all children will be confronted with and will have to adjust to the legal divorce of their p...

Reviews the history of Anglo-American society's attempts at establishing boundaries between ordinary and special offender needs. In this review, the authors illustrate how the terms special, needs, and treatment are without clear meanings or referents in the history of special offender legislation and policy. This chapter also considers the pere...

Discusses the development and practices of the field of family mediation and examines the consequences for families and the legal system. Mediation is a task-oriented, time-limited, alternative dispute resolution process presented as an alternative to litigation. The parties involved, with the assistance of a neutral person or persons, isolate disp...

This study examines the demographic, clinical and criminal characteristics of ninety-nine felony defendants in a primarily rural county in Arizona who were referred for clinical evaluation for competency to stand trial. Ninety-two of these people had their competency status adjudicated during the time period relevant to the study, sixty of whom wer...

Because of the many problems associated with litigating divorce disputes, mediation has been proposed as an alternative. Its proponents, claiming wide-ranging benefits for both the litigants and the legal system, have had tremendous success in advancing mediation in social policy. This article critically assesses the validity of these claimed benef...

The authors critically evaluate the roles of forensic practitioners and psychological researchers in determinations of the best-interest-of-the-child standard (BICS) in child custody disputes. The authors examine (a) the existing empirical research on the adjustment of children of divorce, (b) the current forensic practice of mental health practiti...

Women who murder their children have been the subject of intensive media and public scrutiny. Reactions have varied from horror at the cruelty of the act to sympathy for the perpetrator, based on the belief that the mother must have been severely mentally disordered or at least suffering from a diminished mental capacity at the time of the offense....

Because of the many problems associated with litigating divorce disputes, mediation has been proposed as an alternative. Its proponents, claiming wide-ranging benefits for both the litigants and the legal system, have had tremendous success in advancing mediation in social policy. This article critically assesses the validity of these claimed benef...

The authors critically evaluate the roles of forensic practitioners and psychological researchers in determinations of the best-interest-of-the-child standard (BICS) in child custody disputes. The authors examine (a) the existing empirical research on the adjustment of children of divorce, (b) the current forensic practice of mental health practiti...

This introduction provides an overview of the relevant issues addressed in this special theme issue of Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, which is devoted to the topic of jury instructions. It begins with a brief history of jury instruction research. This is followed by a summary of the articles represented in this issue. Next, the strengths and w...

This introduction provides an overview of the relevant issues addressed in this special theme issue of Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, which is devoted to the topic of jury instructions. It begins with a brief history of jury instruction research. This is followed by a summary of the articles represented in this issue. Next, the strengths and w...

A Brunswikian Evolutionary-Developmental model was developed to relate the sex offending behavior of adolescents to other forms of social deviance, tracing a history of repeated frustration and failure in various competitive sexual strategies and escalation to more extreme means of obtaining sexual gratification. Four hypothetical constructs were p...

Who are offenders with special needs and what kind of treatment do they need? Offering a unique multidisciplinary look at mental health services in the correctional field, this book comprehensively examines standards and treatment in mental health corrections. Treating Adult and Juvenile Offenders with Special Needs covers what works in the treatm...

In Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., (1993), the U.S. Supreme Court considered the meaning of Federal Rule of Evidence (FRE) 702 in regard to the admissibility of scientific evidence. In this article, the authors argue that the relevance, reliability, and helpfulness framework adopted by the Court offers little guidance to judges on how...

Although Daubert (1993) describes a test for admissibility that applies to all proffers of scientific evidence in the federal courts and many state courts, its application has not been uniform across the sciences. To assess Daubert's impact for behavioral and social science evidence, the authors describe and analyze the application of a set of cr...

In Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , (1993), the U.S. Supreme Court considered the meaning of Federal Rule of Evidence (FRE) 702 in regard to the admissibility of scientific evidence. In this article, the authors argue that the relevance, reliability, and helpfulness framework adopted by the Court offers little guidance to judges on ho...

Although Daubert (1993) describes a test for admissibility that applies to all proffers of scientific evidence in the federal courts and many state courts, its application has not been uniform across the sciences. To assess Daubert's impact for behavioral and social science evidence, the authors describe and analyze the application of a set of crit...

Use and Then Prove, or Prove and Then Use? ... / D. Faust Reclaiming the Integrity of Science in Expert Witnessing / B. D. Sales et al Mental Health Professionals and the Courts / S. L. Golding Guidelines for Child Custody Evaluations in Divorce Proceedings / APA The Experimental Psychologist in Court / M. McCloskey et al Experimental Psy...

In reading the American Psychological Association Final Report on the Investigation of Memories of Childhood Abuse (J. L. Alpert et al, see record 2000-13581-002), the authors recognized that one of its most important implications for the law is whether and to what extent clinical testimony on recovered repressed memories of childhood abuse should...