Bruce Forster

Bruce Forster
University of BC · Radiology

MSc MD FRCPC

About

253
Publications
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Introduction
Skills and Expertise

Publications

Publications (253)
Article
Full-text available
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) education into medical curricula is critical for preparing future healthcare professionals. This research employed the Delphi method to establish an expert-based AI curriculum for Canadian undergraduate medical students. A panel of 18 experts in health and AI across Canada participated in three rounds...
Article
Full-text available
The health of Canadians is already impacted by climate change due to wildfire smoke, heat domes, floods, droughts, and the changing distribution of vector borne disease. The healthcare sector contributes to climate change, accounting for approximately 4.6% of annual greenhouse gas emissions in Canada. Healthcare teams have a responsibility and oppo...
Preprint
Full-text available
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) education into medical curricula is critical for preparing future healthcare professionals. This research employed the Delphi method to establish an expert-based AI curriculum for Canadian undergraduate medical students. A panel of 18 experts in health and AI across Canada participated in three rounds...
Poster
The goal of the poster is to describe the intersection of planetary health and healthcare related greenhouse gas emissions with a focus on mitigation and adaptation opportunities in radiology.
Article
Background: The aim of this study was to analyze muscle injuries and their related risk factors during the Athletics events of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games including the differences in muscle injury rates between heats and finals. Methods: We included and analyzed in this study muscle injuries diagnosed by either magnetic resonance imaging, ultr...
Article
Full-text available
The exponential growth of artificial intelligence (AI) in the last two decades has been recognized by many as an opportunity to improve the quality of patient care. However, medical education systems have been slow to adapt to the age of AI, resulting in a paucity of AI-specific education in medical schools. The purpose of this systematic review is...
Article
Background To the best of our knowledge, no studies have attempted to correlate athletic performance with muscle injuries sustained during Paralympic Games. Aim This study reports the incidence, anatomical location, anatomical site classification, and relationship between competition results and anatomical site classification in athletes who parti...
Article
Purpose: In order to better understand the imaging of severe trauma in sport, this study describes the imaging modalities utilized to image athletes who experienced severe traumatic injuries at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games 2022, the distribution of these modalities in relation to the sporting facilities, and the types of injuries imaged in each...
Article
Objective: Bone Marrow Lesions (BMLs) are areas in bone with high fluid signal on MRI associated with painful and progressive OA. While cartilage near BMLs in the knee has been shown to be degenerated, this relationship has not been investigated in the hip. Research question: is T1Gd lower in areas of cartilage overlying BMLs in the hip? Design...
Article
The objective of this pilot investigation was to describe the novel use of venue ultrasound at the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. Portable laptop ultrasound machines were made available to cover seven Olympic sports at seven venues. The responses by both the National Olympic Committee personnel accompanying the medical room visits, and by the examining...
Article
Full-text available
Objective Muscle injury is one of the most common injuries occurring at the Olympic Games often with devastating consequences. Epidemiological injury surveillance is recognised by the IOC as essential for injury prevention and management. We aimed to describe the incidence, anatomical location and classification of MRI-detected muscle injuries in a...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose: To assess energy and cost savings when a CT scanner is powered down during overnight non-operational times compared with the CT scanner left on full power or partial shutdown mode. Materials and Methods: Temporary portable power data loggers were placed on the power supply to the CT scanner to measure the energy consumption of the CT scann...
Article
Full-text available
Introduction: We evaluated knowledge and perceptions of an established Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) model developed by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, Competence by Design (CBD), and identified evidence-informed priorities for professional development activities (PDAs). Materials and Methods: Teaching faculty an...
Article
Full-text available
Background Prevention and early detection of injuries are essential in optimising sport participation and performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology, athlete injury history, and competition withdrawal rate of imaging-detected bone stress injuries during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Methods We collected and analysed imag...
Article
Full-text available
Objective Bone marrow lesions (BMLs) are associated with painful and progressive osteoarthritis (OA). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to study early cartilage degeneration in knees with BML, but similar work has not been done in hips. The purpose of this study was to compare mean delayed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of cartil...
Article
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow lesions are associated with pain and rapidly worsening osteoarthritis. Previous quantitative MRI research of knees with BMLs has found that the cartilage immediately overlying BMLs is less healthy than the adjacent non-overlying cartilage in patients with knee OA. It is not clear how BMLs affect overlying cartilage in the h...
Conference Paper
BACKGROUND: Digital dissection is performed with computed tomography (CT) scans on near life-size anatomy visualization tables and has been used to teach radiology anatomy at our institution. These sessions were pivoted to online delivery in response to COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate students’ perceptions of the educational value o...
Preprint
Full-text available
Background Prevention and early detection of injuries are essential in optimising sport participation and performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology, history, and competition withdrawal rate of imaging-detected bone stress injuries during the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Methods We collected and analysed imaging and patient...
Article
Competence by Design (CBD) is a medical education initiative instituted by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada to improve the training of resident physicians in specialty disciplines. CBD integrates Competency Based Medical Education with traditional specialty discipline post-graduate medical education (PGME) training through the...
Article
Background Purpose In response to the pandemic, some public health agencies recommend the wearing of surgical masks in indoor spaces including radiology common reporting rooms. We aim to demonstrate whether mask wearing may lead to increased errors incidence in radiology reports. Materials and Methods Our prospective studywas conveyed in 2 parts....
Article
Rotator cuff tears are the most likely source of shoulder pain in adults and may cause protracted disability. Management of rotator cuff tears is associated with considerable costs. Accurate diagnosis can guide surgical planning and help achieve a favorable clinical outcome. While radiographs remain the initial imaging test for shoulder injury, the...
Article
Objective With the initiative of the ACR International Economics Committee, a multinational survey was conducted to evaluate radiology residency programs around the world. Methods A 31-question survey was developed. It included: economic issues, program size and length, resident's activities during daytime and call, academic aspects including syll...
Article
Full-text available
Objective To explore clinical characteristics in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) compared to individually-matched asymptomatic controls. We also explored associations between functional performance and patient-reported symptoms with patellofemoral alignment. Methods We assessed 15 individuals with PFOA and 15 individually-mat...
Article
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered how medical education is delivered, worldwide. Didactic sessions have transitioned to electronic/online platforms and clinical teaching opportunities are limited. These changes will affect how radiology is taught to medical students at both the pre-clerkship (ie, year 1 and 2) and clinica...
Article
Full-text available
Anticipated Challenges for Medical Students Choosing a Career in Radiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Article
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Crisis Leadership During and Following COVID-19
Article
Objective To evaluate gender and racial profiles of US academic radiology faculty. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective analysis of the American Association of Medical College database of radiology faculty members from 2006 to 2017 by academic rank, chair position, race or ethnicity, and gender. The data were described with annual proport...
Article
Purpose The purpose of this survey was to identify current and projected subspecialty employment needs across Canadian academic radiology practices. Methods An electronic survey was distributed to academic radiology department heads within the faculties of medicine at Canadian universities between September and October 2019. Respondents identified...
Article
Objectives This study is an evaluation of the emergency department (ED) satisfaction with the current radiologic reporting system used at a major Northeastern academic medical center. The radiology reports are the main form of communication and usually the final product of any radiological investigation delivered to clinicians. The aim of this stud...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose The aim of this study was to determine the status of radiology quality improvement programs in a variety of selected nations worldwide. Methods A survey was developed by select members of the International Economics Committee of the American College of Radiology on quality programs and was distributed to committee members. Members responde...
Article
Purpose Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not beneficial in patients with joint pain and concomitant osteoarthritis (OA). We attempt to determine whether evaluation of OA via X-rays can reduce inappropriate MRI and computed tomography (CT) arthrogram use. In our jurisdiction, CT arthrograms are used as surrogate tests because of MRI wait times....
Article
Objective The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) in Caucasian adults 20 to 49 years of age. Methods Participants were Caucasian men and women aged 20-49, recruited through random digit dialing from the population of Metro Vancouver, Canada. Participants filled out a self-administere...
Article
Rationale and aim: In virtual dissection, three-dimensional computed tomography scans are viewed on a near-life size virtual dissection table and through touchscreen technology, students work together to manipulate the data to perform their dissection. The purpose of this study was to develop a Virtual Dissection Curriculum for first year medical...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Radiology integration into medical anatomy courses is well established, but there is a paucity of literature on integrating virtual dissection into cadaveric dissection laboratories. Virtual dissection is the digital dissection of medical images on touchscreen anatomy visualization tables. The purpose of this pilot study was to investi...
Article
Purpose: To determine medical students' and radiologists' attitude toward radiology electives at a distributed medical school and identify specific areas for improvement. Methods: During a single academic year, both students and faculty preceptors were surveyed anonymously following a senior radiology elective. The survey was based on an establi...
Article
Full-text available
Objective Radiographic measurements of the alpha angle and the lateral center edge (LCE) angle in the hip joint are important for the diagnosis of femoroacetabular syndrome, a potential risk factor for hip osteoarthritis. Our objective was to determine whether these measurements are associated with hip‐related patient‐reported outcomes in young and...
Article
Purpose: There is a lack of evidence for developing radiology mobile apps for medical students. This study identifies the characteristics which students perceive as most valuable to teaching radiology with mobile apps (m-learning). Methods: An online anonymous survey was administered to second- to fourth-year medical students at a single institu...
Article
Introduction In virtual dissection, near life‐sized three‐dimensional computed tomography (CT) scans are used to study human anatomy. Preferred pedagogical approaches for peer‐to‐peer teaching using this technology have not yet been explored. Aim To identify preferred pedagogical approaches in peer‐to‐peer teaching and to better understand how thi...
Article
Introduction Virtual dissection is a novel method for teaching anatomy through radiological images. While the role of peer learning has been studied in cadaveric dissection, not much is known about the role of peer teaching in virtual dissection. Aim To determine first year medical students' satisfaction with peer‐to‐peer teaching using this emerg...
Article
Adolescent low back pain has received limited research attention despite its potentially considerable impact on quality of life. The role of diagnostic triage to identify serious or specific pathology and/or order relevant investigations is considered. An overview of contemporary pain mechanisms is provided, with specific reference to the wide rang...
Article
Full-text available
Patellofemoral (PF) osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and clinically important knee OA subgroup. Malalignment may be an important risk factor for PF OA. However, little is known about alignment in PF OA, particularly in an upright, weightbearing environment. Using a vertically‐oriented open‐bore MR scanner, we evaluated 3D knee alignment in 15 PF...
Article
Rationale and Aim As medical schools reduce the hours of anatomy teaching, residents in anatomy-intensive residency programs like radiology must independently acquire the anatomy knowledge needed to achieve competency. The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate a 4-week competency-based self-directed anatomy rotation for junior residents...
Article
Scientific and technological advances in medical imaging have had a profound impact on health care around the world including Canada. The cost of imaging, however, continues to rise along with innovation. Building a practical subspecialty musculoskeletal imaging service offers the specialty of radiology an opportunity to show how radiologists can c...
Article
Since 2011, the University of British Columbia (UBC) medical curriculum has taught anatomy in conjunction with radiology in order to give students a greater understanding of anatomical relationships and their application to clinical practice. Based on student preference, we are preparing a learning resource which encompass highly‐interactive comput...
Article
Full-text available
Background: To use Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to characterize the severity, location, prevalence, and demographics of shoulder injuries in athletes at the Rio de Janeiro 2016 Summer Olympic Games. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all routine shoulder MRIs obtained from the Olympic Village Polyclinic during the Rio 2016 Summer...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe knee abnormalities and the occurrence of MRI-detected sports-related knee abnormalities by evaluating MRI examinations performed during the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games held in August 2016. Conclusion: There were 11,274 athletes at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, and 113 of them underwent at leas...
Article
Background Radiology is one of the cornerstones of modern medicine, playing an important role in patient diagnosis and management. All physicians, regardless of their speciality, are now expected to provide preliminary interpretations of radiological studies throughout their careers. Many medical undergraduate anatomy programs are beginning to teac...
Article
Background Virtual dissection is an emerging area in undergraduate medical anatomy teaching as it incorporates clinical radiology into students' dissection experience. Virtual dissection is performed on near life‐size anatomy visualization tables (AVTs), which are very similar to hospital radiology workstations. Patient CT scans are loaded into the...
Article
Background Virtual dissection is performed on near life‐size anatomy visualization tables (AVTs), which are like hospital radiology workstations. Patient CT scans are loaded into these tables and through powerful software interactions students work together to manipulate the data and perform their dissection. The purpose of this study was to develo...
Article
Educators must select the best tools to teach anatomy to future physicians and traditionally, cadavers have always been considered the “gold standard” simulator for living anatomy. However, new advances in technology and radiology have created new teaching tools, such as virtual dissection, which provide students with new learning opportunities. Vi...
Article
Rationale and objectives: Recently, the relevance of the postgraduate year 1 (PGY-1) Basic Clinical Year for radiology residents has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of radiologists and trainees toward this year and which clinical rotations they perceived as most valuable to clinical practice. Materials and...
Article
Objective: 1) To assess the association of FAI and dGEMRIC T1 relaxation values (RV). 2) To evaluate whether subtypes of FAI (cam, pincer, mixed) are associated with region-specific dGEMRIC T1 RVs. Methods: A population-based sample of Caucasian subjects with and without hip pain, aged 20-49, was selected through random digit dialing. A sample o...
Chapter
The elbow is a complex hinge synovial joint. It is comprised of three bones and three articulations, allowing for flexion, extension, supination, and pronation of the forearm. The elbow is less commonly imaged than many of the other large joints in the musculoskeletal system, usually limited to competitive and recreational athletes, as well as thos...
Article
Full-text available
Objective To investigate the role of diagnostic imaging in the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up management of patients in response to disasters. Methods A MEDLINE (OVID) search of original research articles identified 177 articles on this topic published since 2000. A bibliometric analysis was conducted on the top 100 articles ranked b...
Article
Purpose: To develop methods for evaluating 3D patellofemoral and tibiofemoral alignment in vertical open-bore magnetic resonance (MR) scanners, with participants upright and fully weight-bearing; and to evaluate the repeatability of these methods in individuals with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (OA) and in asymptomatic knees. Materials and metho...
Article
Over the past two decades there have been significant advances in the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the vascular system. New imaging sequences and improvements in magnet design have enabled the creation of higher spatial resolution images. MRI is now a viable alternative imaging modality when compared to both invasive angiograph...
Article
Purpose: To determine whether point-of-care clinical decision support can effectively reduce inappropriate medical imaging of patients who present to the emergency department (ED) with low-back pain (LBP). Materials and methods: This was a prospective, single-center study of lumbar imaging referrals made by 43 emergency physicians at a major acu...
Article
Study/Objective This study aims at analyzing recent articles depicting the roles of diagnostic imaging in disaster management. Background Disasters, natural or human-made, can cause significant mobility and mortality, leading to substantial economic and human loss. It is thus important to analyze how imaging has been utilized in disaster managemen...
Article
Stress fractures are common injuries in endurance athletes, and are due to high-intensity, repetitive training activities.1 ,2 Although these fractures occur more frequently in weight-bearing bones, the ribs are a common site for non-weight-bearing stress fractures.3 Rib stress fractures are the most common type of stress fracture in rowers, with a...
Article
In this article, we discuss the importance of mentorship in Radiology and more specifically mentorship in Radiology research to help ensure the advancement of our specialty. We also describe how research mentorship is conducted at our institution.
Article
Full-text available
Objectives: The purpose of the study was to determine if physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for persistent or recurrent hip pain in young and middle-aged persons with and without radiographic findings of cam or pincer morphology (CPM). Methods: A population sample of persons aged 20-49 with (cases) and without (controls) hip pain in Metro V...
Article
Inappropriate imaging for low back pain (LBP) can cause harm in three ways: 1. Misinterpretation of results by clinicians resulting in unhelpful advice, needless subsequent investigations (downstream testing) and invasive interventions, including surgery;1 2. Misinterpretation of results by patients resulting in catastrophisation, fear and avoid...
Article
Rationale and objectives: In order to ease the transition from internship to diagnostic radiology residency, a year-long didactic introduction to radiology course was offered to post-graduate year one (PGY-1) diagnostic radiology residents during their internship, which consisted of 27 hours of lecture over 9 months. The purpose of this study was...
Article
Full-text available
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a radiographic diagnosis of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) by a non-radiologist. Symptomatic FAI is prevalent and thought to be a cause of hip osteoarthritis. However, the diagnosis is often delayed by 1–2 years, in large part because radiographic findings are often subtl...