Bruce Boreham

Freelance Researcher

This paper is a study of a repetitive impulse device that employs a travelling conduction wave to accelerate the driver gas to high velocities. Expressions are obtained for the specific impulse, thrust and power that show that a travelling conduction wave accelerator would be capable of operating as a high specific impulse-medium thrust propulsion...

We propose that the universe is nonlocal and that the appropriate worldview or paradigm for this understanding is nonlocal realism. Currently the worldview of local realism guides and frames the understanding and interpretations of science. Local realism was the worldview employed by Einstein in his relativity theories, but the principles of this p...

In this paper, we argue that Bohm’s unbroken and undivided totality he called the holomovement, the title he gave to the concept of the self-organizing universe, is more coherently understood when viewed as universal consciousness. Bohm’s understanding of consciousness oscillates around being a quality of local minds and the interconnected totality...

It is expected that the energy spectra of electrons emitted from laser irradiated atoms in low density gases would be fundamentally different for laser intensities above and below the threshold of a correspondence principle. Below such a threshold the emission is a quantum mechanical interaction, whilst in contrast, above the threshold, it is a cla...

This paper argues that all scientific research is framed by one of two organizing principles that underpin and shape almost every aspect of scientific research as well as nonscientific inquiry. The most commonly employed principle within mainstream science is content determines content. This is a closed, circular principle that is usually unstated...

On 14 and 15 January 2022, explosive volcanic eruptions occurred on the uninhabited Hunga Tonga–Hunga Haʻapai island of Tonga in the SW Pacific about 65 km north of Tongatapu, the country's main island. Only the largest triggered an atmospheric shock wave that travelled thousands of kilometers as recorded on barometers at numerous weather stations....

We present a general discussion concerning the wholeness of what has been called infinite awareness, but here is called Omni-local consciousness. This model of consciousness has an interconnecting structure that has both local and nonlocal features, that is, the model contains local conscious human minds and locates them within an infinite (Omni) b...

Techniques for monitoring rockbursts and longwall caving in mines are similar to those used for monitoring local earthquakes with a regional seismographic network. A single case history of microseismic recording appears to predict the initial fall under massive roof conditions in an underground longwall mine. The UCQ has monitored earthquakes arou...

The Lake Edgar Fault in Western Tasmania, Australia is marked by a prominent fault scarp and is a recently reactivated fault initially of Cambrian age. The scarp has a northerly trend and passes through the western abutment of the Edgar Dam, a saddle dam on Lake Pedder. The active fault segment displaces geologically young river and glacial deposit...

The purpose of this study was to determine annual occupational exposure to UV radiation by measurement and derive ambient exposure fractions for an entire year that could be applied in the human exposure model. Using polysulphone the daily occupational erythema effective solar ultraviolet radiation exposure at selected body sites of Australia Post...

The fast ignitor scheme for achieving inertial fusion energy precompresses the DT fuel to more than 1000 times the solid state density with nanosecond laser pulses. It then employs a picosecond 10–100-PW laser pulse to deposit with very high efficiency the energy necessary to achieve the ignition temperature of approx. 4 keV. In this way the necess...

This article describes the results of an initial investigation using the MBTI with a cohort of 130 first-year education students and 30 applied physics students at Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia. The results agree with theoretical predictions of type theory in that the dominant groups are consistent with groups in the U.S., as...

The developing region of the Port of Brisbane handles more than $6 Billion worth of cargo each year. 3 000 people are employed directly on the site and around 10 Million tonnes of export goods and 20 Million tonnes of import goods pass through the port each year. It is therefore extremely important to maintain the facility as a safe working environ...

he developing region of the Port of Brisbane handles more than $6 Billion worth of cargo each year. 3 000 people are employed directly on the site and around 10 Million tonnes of export goods and 20 Million tonnes of import goods pass through the port each year. It is therefore extremely important to maintain the facility as a safe working environm...

We have recently developed a correspondence principle for electromagnetic interaction. When applied to laser interactions with electrons this correspondence principle identifies a critical laser intensity I*. This critical intensity is a transition intensity separating classical mechanical and quantum mechanical interaction regimes. In this paper w...

We report observations of photoelectron spectra for double ionisation of helium at 120 fs pulse lengths and laser intensities in the range 1.2×1015 to 2.2×1016 W/cm2. The spectra confirm recent observations of the enhancement of ion yields at fs pulse lengths where the enhancement of He2+ is beyond what would normally be expected from sequential tu...

We report observations of photoelectron spectra for double ionisation of helium at 120 fs pulse lengths and laser intensities in the range 1015 to 4 x 1016 W/cm2. The spectra confirm recent observations of the enhancement of ion yields at fs pulse lengths where the enhancement of He2+ is beyond what would normally be expected from sequential tunnel...

Ultrashort laser pulse systems allow examination of intense, ultrafast laser-plasma interactions. More specifically, intense laser irradiation can induce short xuv/x-ray bursts from the surface of condensed phase targets. Ultrafast xuv/x-ray detection is needed to understand laser-plasma interactions in this dynamic regime. Support of the Stockpile...

Direct-drive laser fusion received a number of setbacks from the experimental observation in the 1960s and 1970s of very complex interactions in laser plasma experiments caused by a number of nonlinear and anomalous phenomena. Although smoothing methods were introduced intuitively or empirically–succeeding in reducing these difficulties–it was not...

In the past 30 years, five of Australia's largest earthquakes have ruptured the ground surface. These five earthquakes comprise nearly half of all known historical surface rupture earthquakes in stable continental regions throughout the globe. The fault scarps produced by these earthquakes are, in some instances, quite impressive features in the la...

Experiments on electron acceleration by lasers in vacuum have shown that the approximate description of the acceleration by a ponderomotive potential can be extended to a quiver drift description. This more general description is necessary when the general non-linear forces no longer permit a conservative ponderomotive potential. One consequence is...

The earthquake hazard and soil distribution at Rockhampton were investigated as the first stages of a comprehensive risk evaluation for that city. Seismographs were used to measure the natural period of soil layers where borehole logs were available. A preliminary microzonation map of Rockhampton has been produced and recommendations made to modify...

The advent of very intense laser pulses of from 20 fs to ps duration permits an application of the collisionless nonlinear force acceleration of plasma blocks to the conical fusion reactor scheme. One such application is the elaboration of the high limit of the 111th and higher harmonics generation based on photon density relations to the fine str...

We report here the remarkable result that a correspondence principle for electromagnetic radiation can exactly reproduce the apparently anomalous behavior that has been observed by a number of experimenters in the transition regime between multiphoton ionization and tunneling ionization for tenuous gases irradiated with high intensity lasers. Furth...

We describe briefly the results of an initial investigation of the personality type of undergraduate students recruited to the Applied Physics Department of Central Queensland University. Results indicate that preferences of different personality types can be used to indicate who does, and just as importantly, who does not, choose to do physics. In...

The critical electron density, ncr for a laser frequency, w can be shown to represent a scale for an electromagnetic correspondence principle. The laser intensity, I* for which the photon density equals ncr may be interpreted as a transition value above which a classical description of photoelectron oscillation energy is appropriate. The. value of...

The current density of electrons emitted from surfaces irradiated by light is known to follow either a linear or quadratic dependence with intensity for single‐ or double‐photon absorption respectively or, at high incident light intensities, a square root dependence (depressed photoemission). In separate experiments, a Görlich (Cs 3 Sb) cathode was...

The Central Queensland University (CQU) Regional Seismic Network is made up of an array of six short-period seismometer and two strong motion accelerometer stations. The array has an aperture of about 50 km. CQU is able to resolve epicentral co-ordinates to about ±2 kilometres, with a sample rate of 100 per second, and an absolute time accuracy of...

Early measurements of the electron energy spectrum from helium atoms in the focus of an intense laser beam, as confirmed recently, were rather smooth and nearly montoneous. This could be explained by the energy, in the keV range, that the electrons gained by their lateral emission from the laser focus region due to the nonlinear (pondermotive) forc...

This paper describes the results of an initial investigation into the personality types of a cohort of 130 first year education students at Central Queensland University, Queensland, Australia. The investigation used the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator MBTI), Form G (research), from which data were gathered, analysed and compared with international and...

Scitation is the online home of leading journals and conference proceedings from AIP Publishing and AIP Member Societies

The township of Bajool, situated 30 km south of Rockhampton, Queensland, experienced two minor earthquakes, each of Richter magnitude 2.9 on 10 June 1991. The foci were located 7 km north of Bajool, at a depth of less than 10 km. The felt intensity in Bajool was generally IV‐V, with minor damage occurring to several houses. There were several fores...

Recent developments in research on drivers for inertial confinement fusion identified the need to develop laser amplifiers with efficiencies of 80% or more. This article discusses a novel free electron laser amplifier that is based on vacuum interaction of laser beams with electrons, clusters of condensed matter, or neutral atoms. The scheme is bas...

The Central Queensland Seismographic Network consisting of four short-period seismographs was established between May 1990 and March 1991 by the University of Central Queensland, the Bureau of Mineral Resources and the Queensland Department of Resource Industries. These stations have been located to provide coverage over approximately 70 000 km2 of...

The results of experimental studies of the interactions between high-intensity 25-ps pulses from a neodymium laser and tenuous plasmas are reviewed. Electrons expelled laterally from the laser focus regions were observed to have energies of up to 1.5 keV and both the maximum electron energy and the measured electron energy spectra were found to be...

This chapter describes a fast-response system consisting of a bipolar space charge source and a rapid response flux probe. The system was developed especially to study the dispersion of pollutants in the wake flow region near structures, both in wind tunnel simulations and at full scale. Bipolar space charge is employed for the simulation of disper...

The results are presented of a preliminary investigation into the feasibility of using bipolar space charge to study the dispersion of pollutants in the wake flow region behind isolated model buildings in simple terrains in wind tunnels. The investigations were carried out using a new type of fast response time ion detector specifically developed f...

A new type of ion detector probe has been evaluated under field conditions. Experiments were conducted at distances of up to 15 m downwind of a continuous point source of negative ions. The results obtained demonstrated clearly that this new device offered a significant improvement in performance over the previously used aspirator type of detectors...

A new, fast response, two-electrode, Langmuir-type flux probe for use in diffusion studies in atmospheric air is described. Unlike aspiration-type probes, this instrument can be used to make accurate concentration measurements without prior knowledge of the velocity field. A theoretical model of the probe's operation is developed and good agreement...

A new, fast response, Langmuir-type probe for use in diffusion studies in atmospheric air is described. Unlike aspiration-type probes. this instrument can be used to make accurate concentration measurements without prior knowledge of the velocity field. A theoretical model of the probe's operation is developed and good agreement is obtained betwee...

A new technique is discussed that employs bipolar space charge as a marker for the simulation and observation of the dispersion of contaminants in the atmosphere. The method is suitable for wind tunnel modelling of neutrally buoyant plumes.

The use of charged particles as markers to simulate the transport of neutrally buoyant contaminants within puffs and plumes within the atmosphere is an established technique [1]. In this paper the use of a bipolar space charge method is discussed. The main advantage of this method over the use of unipolar space charge is avoidance of the difficulti...

The use of charged particles as markers to simulate the transport of neutrally buoyant contaminants within puffs and plumes within the atmosphere is an established technique. In this paper the use of a bipolar space charge method is discussed. The main advantage of this method over the use of unipolar space charge is avoidance of the difficulties...

PRION calculates ionisation intensities and ionisation periods using the general theory of ionisation of Keldysh [1]. The ionisation threshold intensity or ionisation period and intensity at which ionisation occurs for intensities greater than the threshold, are calculated by iteration using the Keldysh ionisation probability function for the input...

A method of determining the laser intensity necessary for ionization of atomic states is described. Results are presented for ionization of argon states I–V at 10^-4 Torr using a short (25 psec)‐pulse neodymium laser at intensities up to 4×10¹⁶ W cm^-2. The results agree with computer calculations of the Keldysh tunne...

The results of an experimental program to study the ionization of atoms by intense laser beams are presented. New experimental results concerning the distribution of photo-electrons as a function of their energy and the dependence of electron emission on laser beam intensity for values up to 6 x 10*16/ W/cm*2 have been obtained.

Results of an experimental program to study ionisation of atoms by intense laser beams are presented. New experimental results concerning the distribution of photoelectrons as a function of their energy and the dependence of electron emission on laser beam intensity for values up to values up to 6 x 10*16 W/cm*2 have been obtained. Particular atten...

An experimental programme to study laser photons-electron collective effects into the relativistic regime at 1.06 microns has been undertaken and we report the results obtained up a flux density of 6 x 10*16 Watts/cm*-2.

Results are presented of an experimental programme undertaken to study the behaviour of atoms within an intense laser beam. Particular attention has been given to the free space ionization of a tenuous helium gas with experimental observations compared with the predictions of the Keldysh theory. Consideration is given to the free space ionization o...

Accurate knowledge of both the electric field intensities and the time at which ionisation occurs in any test gas is essential to a number of the projects involving the interactions of intense laser beams with matter. These include self-focussing [1] and ionisation within intense laser beams in dense plasmas [2] and the ionisation and radiation-mat...

The results of an experimental study of electrons produced by ionization of helium gas by intense 25‐psec‐duration pulses from a neodymium laser are reported. Electrons with energies up to 300 eV have been observed and both the maximum electron energy and the measured electron‐energy spectra are shown to be characteristic of electron acceleration b...

A proposal is made for a new type of free-electron laser amplifier based on recent experimental results which have confirmed the long-predicted nonlinear interaction between intense electromagnetic fields and charged particles. The proposed free-electron laser amplifier is very efficient and capable of generating multimegajoule output pulses at a r...

Experimental results are presented which reveal the important role played by nonlinear radiation or ponderomotive forces in laser plasma interactions. The existence of these nonlinear forces are clearly revealed by the properties of tenuous helium plasmas generated by focusing of intense laser beams.

The results of experimental studies of the interactions between high intensity 25 p sec pulses from a neodymium laser and tenuous plasmas are discussed [1-4]. Electrons expelled from the laser focus regions have been observed to have energies of up to 350 eV and both the maximum electron energy and measured electron energy spectra were found to be...

The results of experimental studies of the interactions between high intensity 25 p sec pulses from a neodymium laser and tenuous plasmas are discussed [1-4]. These experiments confirm the existence of non-linear effects at high intensities. The behaviour of the non-linear forces is an interesting study in itself, as well as being essential for pot...

Electrons with energies of approximately 100 eV have been detected when a 1.06 micron laser beam was focussed to intensities of or greater than 10 to the 15th power Watts/sq cm in helium gas at pressures within the range 0.01 to 0.000001 torr. Agreement is obtained between the measured electron behavior and that predicted by single and multiple par...

There has been increasing interest in the properties of intense laser photon distributions in a vacuum over recent years due to the fact that photon-photon interaction thresholds may be many orders of magnitude less (1, 2, 3, 4) than was previously thought (5, 6, 7, 8) A very effective method of utilising an output pulse train from a powerful laser...

Results are presented which show that residual particles left behind by conventional vacuum systems can be expelled from a laser focus volume via radiation pressure forces thus forming an absolute vacuum over a Small but significant volume

Condensation during decompression of gases produces anomalous behaviour; A plateau is observed in the plot of pressure versus velocity. A theory has been developed which describes this effect semi quantitatively. The theory is based on gas dynamics for a one-dimensional decompression using ideal gas laws and the method of characteristics, combined...

A one-dimensional ideal gas model is developed as a basis of predicting gas decompression pressures in fracturing gas pipelines. The effects of large gradients in the fracture velocity are included and it is shown that these lead to the formation of plateaux regions in the normalised decompression curves. Theoretical calculations made with this mod...

The traveling conduction wave accelerator is a repetitive impulse gas accelerator designed to achieve high density, high-velocity gas flow with reduced heat transfer. Two limiting modes of operation can be distinguished for this accelerator, resulting in either pulsed or pseudo-continuous gas flows, and these are treated theoretically and their sui...

A simple mathematical model for simulating gas conditions expected to exist in a fracturing pipe is investigated. The results obtained with this model are compared with experimental results contained in the Battelle Report on the CAGSL 3 experiment on pipeline decompression [1] and it is shown that apparently anomalous behaviour of decompression pr...

A theory of operation has been derived for a proposed Travelling Conduction Wave accelerator, which predicts that such a device would be capable of operating both as a medium thrust - high specific impulse space propulsion device, with round trip times to Mars of as low as one month, and as a hypersonic wind tunnel capable of simulating conditions...

The use of the oblique shock wave generated by a wedge, as a means of increasing the gas thermodynamic energy per unit mass available in a shock tube, is considered. In experiments with argon, a homogeneous sample of test gas was produced at energies of 20 eV per atom.

The proposed new type of free electron laser amplifier is based on experimental results which have verified the long predicted nonlinear interaction between intense electromagnetic fields and charged particles. The proposed free electron laser amplifier is very efficient. It is capable of producing multimegajoule output pulses at a rate required fo...

The need to determine the ionization period of atoms at a given laser beam intensity becomes increasingly important in laser-matter interaction studies using pulses of picoseconds duration. Experimental results obtained with laser irradiated tenuous helium and argon gases are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. The free space ioniz...