Brice Tseen Fu Lee

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• International Politics
• PhD Researcher at Fudan University

Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41111-023-00244-w Despite the apparent strengthening of China–LAC relations, illustrated by growing economic and political trends such as the increase in trade and investments and the expansion of the BRI to LAC, there have been few attempts to empirically analyze the evolution of Chinese economic p...

This research delves into the examination of China's potential hegemony in the regional sphere, juxtaposing its substantial military capacities, strategic ambitions, and ideological underpinnings. By leveraging a methodical triangulation of quantitative data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), theoretical implications...

This analysis explores China’s quest for international legitimacy through its leader- ship in the BRICS + expansion, a strategic maneuver to foster a multipolar world that integrates diverse political and economic systems. The evolution into BRICS+is significant, with the collective GDP of member countries reaching $30.76 trillion, accounting for 3...

A majority of Chinese high-tech firms were founded in development zones established by the Chinese government. It is necessary to identify the impacts of development zones on firms’ innovation (hereinafter referred to as “innovation effects”) as well as the possible knowledge spillover of development zones. Different types of zones, due to their di...

This study delves into the intricate interplay between state-owned enterprises (SOEs), disposable income and economic decentralisation within China’s economic landscape, all underpinned by the principles of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. It highlights the unique roles of SOEs and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), while assessing disposable income’...

This paper explores the ASEAN initiatives, such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA), the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA), and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), as well as BRICS initiatives, including the New Development Bank (NDB),...

Cyber terrorism poses a significant threat to ASEAN’s digital infrastructure, particularly as the region becomes increasingly reliant on digital economies and interconnected systems. This paper examines the role of hackers in cyber terrorism and evaluates ASEAN's efforts to address these threats through the establishment of Computer Emergency Respo...

In recent years, the Vietnamese market has seen a significant influx of Japanese baby powdered milk. Understanding the position of Japanese baby powdered milk compared to domestic and other imported brands is crucial. This study explores key product attributes perceived by Vietnamese consumers and examines how the Japanese brand origin influences p...

The ASEAN Digital Economy Framework Agreement (DEFA) represents a pivotal initiative in advancing regional digital integration and economic development. This paper explores DEFA's potential impacts on digital trade and regional economic cohesion within ASEAN. By reviewing ASEAN’s official publications and relevant literature, the study evaluates ho...

Borneo, the world's third-largest island, presents a unique intersection of diverse ecosystems and indigenous cultures set within the complexities of Southeast Asia's socio-economic and geopolitical fabric. This research delves into the developmental trajectories of Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei, emphasizing their historical resource endowments and co...

Southeast Asia plays a pivotal role in the United States (US)-China rivalry, serving as a critical arena for their competing strategies to establish legitimacy. Legitimacy, defined as the recognized authority to influence regional or global systems, underpins the efforts of both powers to align their influence with Southeast Asia’s priorities. The...

This chapter explores the security dynamics in the South China Sea, focusing on how the actions of the Philippines and China contribute to an escalating security dilemma. By examining the historical basis for territorial claims, such as the Philippines’ establishment of the Kalayaan municipality and China’s reliance on the Nine-Dash Line, the chapt...

This study explores China’s robust response to the Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic, employing health diplomacy and soft power strategies to boost international relations and global health outcomes. China’s contributions to international organisations, investments in biotechnology and provision of medical aid underline its pivotal role in health d...

Research on bilingualism has traditionally focused on its effects on language proficiency, yet a significant gap exists in understanding its broader cognitive impacts, particularly regarding executive functions and brain structure. This study aims to bridge that gap by examining the multifaceted influences of bilingualism on cognitive function, inc...

This paper examines the escalation of military expenditures in Europe in response to the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict, through the lens of the security dilemma. The security dilemma, a fundamental concept in international relations, describes how the defensive actions of one state can provoke perceptions of threat among others, potentially leadi...

Amidst ASEAN's vibrant economic expansion lies an urgent need for a specialized financial institution—an ASEAN Development Bank (ASDB)—to harness and guide this growth. The region's dynamic diversity in development stages presents a unique opportunity for the ASDB to act as the catalyst for economic resilience and regional integration. This urgency...

This paper delves into the transformative role of the expanded BRICS bloc, referred to as BRICS+, in the evolving global economic landscape and its implications for dedollarization. The inclusion of nations such as Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Egypt, and the UAE diversifies the bloc's economic and geopolitical reach, extending its influence into n...

Link: https://stratsea.com/marcos-jr-s-triple-trouble/ An op-ed by stratsea on the impact of the US election on the Philippines. If Donald Trump is re-elected, his potential rollback of US commitments, similar to his previous withdrawal from the TPP and the Paris Climate Agreement, could leave the Philippines vulnerable in its maritime disputes wi...

This paper explores the strategic enhancement of Brunei's military capabilities under the guidelines of the Brunei Defense White Paper 2021, focusing on establishing a robust minimal level deterrence. It emphasizes transitioning from conventional defense paradigms to an integrated, technologically advanced military structure tailored to contemporar...

This paper examines ASEAN's need for structural reform amidst the US-China rivalry, highlighting the limitations of its consensus approach during crises. It proposes majority voting as an emergency measure and advocates for a Permanent Secretary-General position, ensuring consistent leadership. The analysis balances the benefits and challenges of t...

Brunei Darussalam's national vision, WAWASAN 2035, sets forth ambitious goals for the nation's development, emphasizing a centralized governance paradigm. However, the potential of decentralized governance, as exemplified by China's mayor-led districts, offers a compelling model for achieving national aspirations. This research explores the feasibi...

This research paper examines the role of "fat talk" in relationships in Bruneian Chinese society. "Fat talk" refers to negative comments about one's weight or body shape towards oneself or others. Using qualitative research methods, the study explores the perceptions and experiences of Bruneian Chinese individuals regarding "fat talk", factors lead...

The naval build-up of India in contemporary times reflects its major power ambitions. Owing to its development of advanced naval capabilities coupled with its long-standing desire to develop a blue-water navy is a major driver of this build up. These blue water ambitions stir instability in Indian Ocean Region (IOR) affecting Pakistan’s threat perc...

How did France’s refusal to take part in the war on Iraq in 2003 has created the conditions that legitimizes its future military interventions abroad? In this paper, a discourse analysis of the official French Foreign Policy Discourse is done to show why saying no to war in 2003 paradoxically allows France to carry out military interventions in 201...

This study delves into the intricacies of power projection strategies and counter-terrorism measures, emphasizing their relevance to small states, with a specific focus on Brunei Darussalam. Using a dual matrix model, the research categorizes various strategies based on risk-reward parameters, offering a structured insight into potential approaches...

This study investigates the effectiveness of border control in containing the spread of COVID-19. Through a literature review and discourse analysis, the study examines the pandemic response of China, the UK, Brunei Darussalam, Australia, and Germany, with a focus on their border control policies. The data collected suggests that countries with clo...

This study analyses the trilateral cooperation among China, Japan, and Korea in the realm of environmental issues, focusing on the Trilateral Environment Ministers Meeting (TEMM) as the representative institution. Through a theoretical perspective based on rational design theory, this paper examines the rationality of TEMM's design and how it has a...

Published in Journal of Strategic and Global Studies (ISSN: 2620-7249). This study examines the effects of China's zero-covid policy on its economy and investigates whether the policy reflects a broader shift in the country's development paradigm. Employing a mixed- methods approach, we analyze key macroeconomic indicators, conduct case studies of...

Published in Journal of Terrorism Studies. This paper examines China's response to the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar from a theoretical perspective, drawing on both liberal and Asian cultural values. The study adopts a qualitative approach and employs document analysis to collect data. The findings suggest that China's response to the crisis can be ex...

Paper is published in Journal of Autonomy and Security Studies (ISSN 2489-4265). This paper explores the role of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in managing the Rohingya conflict in Myanmar with a focus on ASEAN’s non-interference principle and avoidance of the use of force, as well as the various factors that have influenced i...

Deterrence policies are adopted to promote stability; however, in South Asia they have worked against the notion. Instead, they have pushed the participating countries, both regional and global, into an arms race, thereby promoting regional instability. This paper therefore makes an attempt to provide narratives to explain how deterrence policies o...

Many policy measures are included in China's 2020 poverty reduction schedule by 2020. The advantages of digitization have been used to break through the realistic difficulties of traditional financial inclusion and effectively solve the problem of the last mile of financial inclusion. Using a generalized difference-indifferences method,this paper s...