Brian C. Martinson

University of Minnesota Twin Cities | UMN

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is highly prevalent among Asian American immigrant subgroups. Previously, Asian language telephone Quitline services were only available in California. In 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded the national Asian Smokers' Quitline (ASQ) to expand Asian language Quitline services nationally...

Background/objective: InFLUenza Patient-reported Outcome (FLU-PRO Plus) is a 34-item patient-reported outcome instrument designed to capture the intensity and frequency of viral respiratory symptoms. This study evaluates whether FLU-PRO Plus responses could discriminate between symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza-like ill...

Background: Melanoma survivors are at increased risk of developing a second primary melanoma; however, some report sub-optimal sun behaviors and sunburns. We tested the effectiveness of a wearable device with ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-sensing technology to improve sun behaviors and reduce sunburns in cutaneous melanoma survivors. Materials and...

Background Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) can improve patient care and be crucial for symptom tracking especially during disease outbreaks. FLU-PRO Plus is a validated PROM used to track viral respiratory symptoms. Our study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using FLU-PRO© Plus, to track symptoms across three healthcare systems. Metho...

Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are valued for their ability to predict outcomes from dynamically complex data. Despite this virtue, AI is widely criticized as a “black box” i.e., lacking mechanistic explanations to accompany predictions. We introduce a novel interdisciplinary approach that balances the predictive power of data‐driven methods...

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks are of concern among immigrants and refugees settling in affluent host countries. The prevalence of CVD and risk factors among Somali African immigrants to the U.S. has not been systematically studied. Methods: In 2015-2016, we surveyed 1156 adult Somalis in a Midwestern metropolitan area using resp...

Background Concerns about research misbehavior in academic science have sparked interest in the factors that may explain research misbehavior. Often three clusters of factors are distinguished: individual factors, climate factors and publication factors. Our research question was: to what extent can individual, climate and publication factors expla...

Background Individuals who have been diagnosed with melanoma have more than a 9-fold increased risk of developing another melanoma. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure following a melanoma diagnosis can be modified to reduce risk of a new melanoma diagnosis. Yet research shows that many melanoma survivors do not report optimal sun protection pract...

National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the world largest public funder of biomedical research, investing more than $30 billion dollars to achieve its mission to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. Here, by leveraging individual‐level characteristics and contextual/time‐dependent features of professional scholarly netwo...

Background: Long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain arose amid limited availability and awareness of other pain therapies. Although many complementary and integrative health (CIH) and nondrug therapies are effective for chronic pain, little is known about CIH/nondrug therapy use patterns among people prescribed opioid analgesics. Objective: Th...

In the United States (US), long-term opioid therapy has been commonly prescribed for chronic pain. Since recognition of the opioid overdose epidemic, clinical practice guidelines have recommended tapering long-term opioids to reduced doses or discontinuation. The Effects of Prescription Opioid Changes for veterans (EPOCH) study is a national popula...

Breaches of research integrity have sparked interest in the factors that may help explain when research misbehavior is more likely to occur. Often three clusters of factors are distinguished: individual factors, climate factors and publication factors. Our research question is: to what extent can individual, climate and publication factors explain...

Background Immigrant acculturation to the United States has been found to correlate with cardiovascular risks. Little extant research has evaluated the relationship between acculturation and blood pressure in Somali immigrants. Methods We surveyed and measured blood pressures of 1156 Somali immigrants in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota. Latent clas...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41073-016-0024-5.].

Research needs an authoritative forum to hash out collective problems, argue C. K. Gunsalus, Marcia K. McNutt and colleagues. Research needs an authoritative forum to hash out collective problems, argue C. K. Gunsalus, Marcia K. McNutt and colleagues.

Breaches of research integrity have shocked the academic community. Initially explanations were sought at the level of individual researchers but over time increased recognition emerged of the important role that the research integrity climate may play in influencing researchers’ (mis)behavior. In this study we aim to assess whether researchers fro...

Non-response survey. (PDF)

Academic research climate Amsterdam protocol. (PDF)

Modifications in SOuRCe items for current study. (PDF)

Variance Inflation correction tests for association models with academic rank. Clustering refers to situations where there is non-independence of observations in the data, resulting in “design effects” or “intraclass-correlations” (ICCs) in the data. In our study, respondents are clustered (or nested) in departments, that are again nested within di...

Privacy policy academic research climate Amsterdam. (PDF)

Variance Inflation correction tests for association models with disciplinary field. Clustering refers to situations where there is non-independence of observations in the data, resulting in “design effects” or “intraclass-correlations” (ICCs) in the data. In our study, respondents are clustered (or nested) in departments, that are again nested with...

Scientists and non-scientist are increasingly concerned about academic research and its lack of valid and reliable results due to research misbehavior. In this light, the role of the research integrity climate has gained increasing attention. In our manuscript, we assess whether researchers from different academic ranks and disciplinary field exper...

Background: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is committed to providing high-quality care and addressing health disparities for vulnerable Veterans. To meet these goals, VA policymakers need guidance on how to address social determinants in operations planning and day-to-day clinical care for Veterans. Method: MEDLINE (OVID), CINAHL, PsycINFO...

Brian C. Martinson imagines how rationing the number of publications a scientist could put out might improve the scientific literature.

Background: Researchers have long hypothesized that acculturation (duration of U.S. residence [DOR]) is associated with increases in blood pressure in immigrant populations. However, little is known about the potential effects of acculturation on hypertension (HTN) in refugees living in ethnic-enclave neighborhoods. We conducted a cross-sectional s...

Background Assessing the integrity of research climates and sharing such information with research leaders may support research best practices. We report here results of a pilot trial testing the effectiveness of a reporting and feedback intervention using the Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SOuRCe). Methods We randomized 41 Veterans...

Background An important step toward enhancing the efficacy of weight loss maintenance interventions is identifying the pathways through which successful interventions such as the Keep It Off trial have worked. PurposeThis study aimed to assess the viability of mediated relationships between the Keep It Off Guided intervention, conceptually and empi...

We read with great interest the recent article by Redman and Caplan “Improving research misconduct policies”. While we generally agree with the authors’ main premise that most regulatory policies aimed at addressing research misconduct are not sufficiently informed by empirical evidence, we would like to respond to their critique on two particular...

Background Codes of conduct mainly focus on research misconduct that takes the form of fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism. However, at the aggregate level, lesser forms of research misbehavior may be more important due to their much higher prevalence. Little is known about what the most frequent research misbehaviors are and what their impa...

Table of contents I1 Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Research Integrity Concurrent Sessions: 1. Countries' systems and policies to foster research integrity CS01.1 Second time around: Implementing and embedding a review of responsible conduct of research policy and practice in an Australian research-intensive university Susan Patricia O'...

Introduction: Team-based interventions for hypertension care have been widely studied and shown effective in improving hypertension outcomes. Few studies have evaluated long-term effects of these interventions; none have assessed broad-scale implementation. This study estimates the prospective health, economic, and budgetary impact of universal ad...

Background: In service to its core mission of improving the health and well-being of veterans, Veterans Affairs (VA) leadership is committed to supporting research best practices in the VA. Recognizing that the behavior of researchers is influenced by the organizational climates in which they work, efforts to assess the integrity of research clima...

Background: The Healthy Homes/Healthy Kids Preschool (HHHK-Preschool) pilot program is an obesity prevention intervention integrating pediatric care provider counseling and a phone-based program to prevent unhealthy weight gain among 2- to 4-year-old children at risk for obesity (BMI percentile between the 50th and 85th percentile and at least one...

Poster http://www.iceps.fr/en/iceps-conference-2015/

Poster: http://www.iceps.fr/en/iceps-conference-2015/ 3rd edition, March 19-21, 2015, Montpellier The international conference on the evidence of Non Pharmacological Interventions (NPIs) Abstract: Human body energy storage operates as a stock-and-flow system with inflow (food intake) and outflow (energy expenditure). In spite of the ubiquity of st...

At least since the 2002 Institute of medicine report, “Integrity in Scientific Research: Creating an Environment That Promotes Responsible Conduct,” the importance of local research environments as factors influencing behaviors in research has been recognized. Yet until recently, there have been no gold standard measures of local organizational env...

The historical discourse around research integrity has heavily emphasized as a primary threat the malfeasance of individual researchers, whose motivations to misbehave have typically been framed in terms of avarice, moral defect, or psychopathology. In conjunction with this framing, the discourse has also been focused primarily on examples of behav...

The Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SOuRCe) is a new instrument that assesses dimensions of research integrity climate, including ethical leadership, socialization and communication processes, and policies, procedures, structures, and processes to address risks to research integrity. We present a descriptive analysis to characterize diff...

Human body energy storage operates as a stock-and-flow system with inflow (food intake) and outflow (energy expenditure). In spite of the ubiquity of stock-and-flow structures, evidence suggests that human beings fail to understand stock accumulation and rates of change, a difficulty called the stock–flow failure. This study examines the influence...

To compare between accelerometry (MVPA-A) and self-reported activity (MVPA-SR) in activity-maintenance (Keep Active Minnesota; KAM) and weight loss-maintenance (Keep It Off; KIO) trials. Linear regression estimated moderation of study, treatment, or time on MVPA-A and MVPA-SR associations. MVPA-A was similar between studies (KAM 119 minutes, KIO 11...

To document the role job control and schedule control play in shaping women's physical activity, and how it delineates educational and racial variability in associations of job and social control with physical activity. Prospective data were obtained from a community-based sample of working women (N = 302). Validated instruments measured job contro...

Objective: The Keep It Off trial evaluated the efficacy of a phone-based weight loss maintenance intervention among adults who had recently lost weight in Minnesota (2007-2010). Methods: 419 adults who had recently lost ≥ 10% of their body weight were randomized to the "Guided" or "Self-Directed" intervention. Guided participants received a 10 s...

Background Researchers theorize that interventions increase physical activity by influencing key theory-based mediators (e.g., behavioral processes). However, few studies have been adequately powered to examine the importance of mediators. Purpose This study examined both physical activity behavior and psychosocial mediators in a randomized trial s...

Introduction. Racial differences in women's regular physical activity are well documented, but explanations are elusive. Characteristics of paid work, specifically control over when and how work is done and schedule control, are frequently overlooked in studies of physical activity habits. Method. Pedometer data were obtained four-times across a...

The Survey of Organizational Research Climate (SORC) is a validated tool to facilitate promotion of research integrity and research best practices. This work uses the SORC to assess shared and individual perceptions of the research climate in universities and academic departments and relate these perceptions to desirable and undesirable research pr...

Development and targeting efforts by academic organizations to effectively promote research integrity can be enhanced if they are able to collect reliable data to benchmark baseline conditions, to assess areas needing improvement, and to subsequently assess the impact of specific initiatives. To date, no standardized and validated tool has existed...

Universities have been churning out PhD students to reap financial and other rewards for training biomedical scientists. This deluge of cheap labour has created unhealthy competition, which encourages scientific misconduct.

Obesity may cluster in families due to shared physical and social environments. This study aims to identify family typologies of obesity risk based on family environments. Using 2007-2008 data from 706 parent/youth dyads in Minnesota, we applied latent profile analysis and general linear models to evaluate associations between family typologies and...

Exercise during pregnancy is associated with reduced rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, anxiety, insomnia, and excessive weight gain. Continued exercise during the postpartum period is important for healthy weight loss and reduced anxiety. Unfortunately, pregnant and postpartum women are significantly less active than nonpregnant women. T...

Objective. To determine the accuracy of self-reported body weight prior to and following a weight loss intervention including daily self-weighing among obese employees. Methods. As part of a 6-month randomized controlled trial including a no-treatment control group, an intervention group received a series of coaching calls, daily self-weighing, an...

Background/Aims: Increasing concerns about cognitive decline and dementia in the aging populations of most westernized countries suggests the need for interventions that can preserve cognitive function, are cost-effective, and feasibly implemented on a large scale. Empirical evidence is accumulating that points to the potential beneficial effects o...

Research is limited on how the social environment of the home is related to childhood obesity. The purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between positive family meal practices, family stressors, and the weight of youth and to examine parental weight status as a moderator of these relationships. The study enrolled 368 parent/chil...

To build upon state-of-the-art theory and empirical data to estimate the strength of multiple mediators of the efficacious Keep Active Minnesota (KAM) physical activity (PA) maintenance intervention. The total, direct, and indirect effects through which KAM helped randomized participants (KAM n = 523; UC n = 526) maintain moderate or vigorous PA (M...

The professional behavior of scientists, for good or ill, is likely associated with their perceptions of whether they are treated fairly in their work environments, including their academic department and university and by relevant regulatory bodies. These relationships may also be influenced by their own personal characteristics, such as being ove...

This analysis, based on focus groups and a national survey, assesses scientists' subscription to the Mertonian norms of science and associated counternorms. It also supports extension of these norms to governance (as opposed to administration), as a norm of decision-making, and quality (as opposed to quantity), as a evaluative norm.

To evaluate the efficacy at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-up of Keep Active Minnesota (KAM), a telephone and mail-based intervention designed to promote physical activity (PA) maintenance among currently active adults age 50 to 70. Participants who reported having recently increased their MVPA to a minimum of 2d/wk, 30 min/bout, (N=1049) were recrui...

To assess the representativeness of older adults recruited to a physical activity maintenance RCT by conducting sequential comparisons to characterize study sample composition changes occurring between sampling frame construction and study enrollment. Study subjects (N = 1049) were 50 to 70 year old men and women who had increased physical activity...

Private industry involvement is viewed as tainting research with self-interest, whereas public funding is generally well regarded. Yet, dependence on "soft money" also triggers researcher and university self-interest. No empirical research has compared these factors' effects on academic researchers' behaviors. In 2006-2007, a survey was mailed to 5...

To test the effects of telephone counseling and telemonitoring on weight loss. A randomized-controlled trial was conducted over 18 months. Participants were assigned to an immediate or delayed-start group. The intervention included a Thin-Link((R)) home telemonitoring scale and biweekly telephone counseling over 6 months. The immediate group lost s...

Caregivers of stroke patients may adapt to changes in patient functioning over time. If adaptation occurs, then caregiver burden and health may be influenced more by worsening in patient functioning than by static levels of functioning. This study examines the relationship between patients' baseline and changes in functioning and caregivers' subjec...

Frequent self-weighing has been proposed as an adjuvant strategy to promote weight loss. Not all experts agree on its utility, and the literature supporting its effectiveness is somewhat limited by methodologic shortcomings related to the subjective assessment of self-weighing frequency. A prospective cohort design was utilized to examine 100 parti...

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that women with low-risk pregnancies participate in moderate-intensity exercise during their pregnancy. Currently, only 15.1% of pregnant women exercise at the recommended levels, which is significantly lower than the general population's 45%. One potential reason is that exercise d...

Since many individuals who initiate physical activity programs are highly likely to return to a sedentary lifestyle, innovative strategies to efforts to increase the number of physically active older adults who successfully maintain beneficial levels of PA for a substantial length of time are needed. The Keep Active Minnesota Trial is a randomized...

Introduction: Exercise during pregnancy is associated with reduced rates of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, anxiety, insomnia, and excessive weight gain. Continued exercise during the postpartum period is important for healthy weight loss and reduced anxiety. Unfortunately, pregnant and postpartum women are significantly less active than nonpre...

We evaluate the 6-month efficacy of Keep Active Minnesota, a phone- and mail-based physical activity maintenance intervention designed for use with adults age 50 to 70 years who have increased their physical activity within the past year. Participants (N=1049) recruited in 2004 and 2005 from one large managed-care organization in Minnesota were ran...

NORMS OF BEHAVIOR IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH represent ideals to which most scientists subscribe. Our analysis of the extent of dissonance between these widely espoused ideals and scientists' perceptions of their own and others' behavior is based on survey responses from 3,247 mid- and early-career scientists who had research funding from the U.S. Nati...

Competition among scientists for funding, positions and prestige, among other things, is often seen as a salutary driving force in U.S. science. Its effects on scientists, their work and their relationships are seldom considered. Focus-group discussions with 51 mid- and early-career scientists, on which this study is based, reveal a dark side of co...

Funding woes plague US biomedical researchers. But calls for more funding ignore the structural problems that push universities to produce too many scientists, argues Brian C. Martinson.

The authors examine training in the responsible conduct of research and mentoring in relation to behaviors that may compromise the integrity of science. The analysis is based on data from the authors' 2002 national survey of 4,160 early-career and 3,600 midcareer biomedical and social science researchers who received research support from the U.S....