Brenton M. Wiernik

• Ph.D.
• Professor (Assistant) at University of South Florida

For decades researchers have explored the link between the Big Five personality traits and job performance, conducting studies across various contexts and sectors. The study seeks to test the link between the Big Five dimensions of personality and job performance in Türkiye, for which an integration of 38 studies involving 18,021 participants was p...

Beyond the challenge of keeping up to date with current best practices regarding the diagnosis and treatment of outliers, an additional difficulty arises concerning the mathematical implementation of the recommended methods. Here, we provide an overview of current recommendations and best practices and demonstrate how they can easily and convenient...

Scholars have suggested that leaders’ ethical failures at the beginning of the twenty-first century have raised awareness about the importance of ethical leadership (EL). Yet, there has been no systematic effort to evaluate whether this awareness indeed led to changes in EL or how followers react to this leadership style over time. To address this...

Beyond the challenge of keeping up-to-date with current best practices regarding the diagnosis and treatment of outliers, an additional difficulty arises concerning the mathematical implementation of the recommended methods. Here, we provide an overview of current recommendations and best practices and demonstrate how they can easily and convenient...

People differ in their reaction to situations, resulting in Person × Situation interactions. These interactions have been emphasized by many theoretical accounts of personality. Nevertheless, empirical progress on Person × Situation interactions has been slow. This is in part attributable to an insufficient distinction of person and situation varia...

In both theoretical and applied research, it is often of interest to assess the strength of an observed association. Existing guidelines also frequently recommend going beyond null-hypothesis significance testing and reporting effect sizes and their confidence intervals. As such, measures of effect sizes are increasingly reported, valued, and under...

Unlabelled: In an increasingly urbanized world, understanding the determinants of urban well-being will continue to grow in importance. Although the effects of different indicators of living conditions on well-being have been widely studied individually, little is known about their relative impact when examined jointly. In this study, we use a uni...

People differ in their reaction to situations, resulting in person × situation interactions. These interactions have been emphasized by many theoretical accounts of personality. Nevertheless, empirical progress on person × situation interactions has been slow. This is in part attributable to an insufficient distinction of person and situation varia...

The {datawizard} package for the R programming language provides a lightweight toolbox to assist in key steps involved in any data analysis workflow: (1) wrangling the raw data to get it in the needed form, (2) applying preprocessing steps and statistical transformations, and (3) compute statistical summaries of data properties and distributions. T...

The {datawizard} package for the R programming language (R Core Team, 2021) provides a lightweight toolbox to assist in key steps involved in any data analysis workflow: (1) wrangling the raw data to get it in the needed form, (2) applying preprocessing steps and statistical transformations, and (3) compute statistical summaries of data properties...

To help move researchers away from heuristically dismissing “small” effects as unimportant, recent articles have revisited arguments to defend why seemingly small effect sizes in psychological science matter. One argument is based on the idea that an observed effect size may increase in impact when generalized to a new context because of processes...

Abstract Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) is a prominent rehabilitation programme for individuals with post-stroke aphasia. The present meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of MIT while considering outcome measure quality, experimental design, influence of spontaneous recovery, MIT protocol, and level of generalisation. An extensive literature s...

Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) is a prominent rehabilitation program for individuals with post‐stroke aphasia. Our meta‐analysis investigated the efficacy of MIT while considering quality of outcomes, experimental design, influence of spontaneous recovery, MIT protocol variant, and level of generalization. Extensive literature search identified 6...

Scatterplots are among the most widely used visualization techniques. Compelling scatterplot visualizations improve understanding of data by leveraging visual perception to boost awareness when performing specific visual analytic tasks. Design choices in scatterplots, such as graphical encodings or data aspects, can directly impact decision-making...

Scatterplots are among the most widely used visualization techniques. Compelling scatterplot visualizations improve understanding of data by leveraging visual perception to boost awareness when performing specific visual analytic tasks. Design choices in scatterplots, such as graphical encodings or data aspects, can directly impact decision-making...

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationships between teacher language practices in early childhood classrooms, using a systemic functional linguistic theoretical framework. We included studies with typically developing preschool or kindergarten-aged children that conducted 1 or more observations of teachers in which teachers...

We present initial structural validity evidence for a serious game designed for personnel selection and classification for cybersecurity roles in the US Air Force (USAF). Based on literature review and input from USAF cybersecurity subject‐matter‐experts, we targeted six constructs for assessment. We describe the development process used to build a...

Yarkoni highlights patterns of overgeneralization in psychology research. In this comment, we note that such challenges also pertain to applied psychological and organizational research and practice. We use two examples – cross-cultural generalizability and implicit bias training – to illustrate common practices of overgeneralization from narrow re...

Analyzing immunization coverage data is crucial to guide decision-making in national immunization programs and monitor global initiatives such as the Immunization Agenda 2030. We aimed to assess the quality of reported child immunization coverage data for 194 countries over 20 years. We analyzed child immunization coverage as reported to the World...

We systematically review and meta-analyze quantitative prediction models for hurricane evacuation decisions. Drawing on data from 33 prediction models and 29,873 households, we estimate distributions of effects on evacuation decisions for 25 predictors. Mobile home occupancy, evacuation orders, and having an evacuation plan showed the largest posit...

We systematically review and meta-analyze quantitative prediction models for hurricane evacuation decisions. Drawing on data from 33 prediction models and 29,873 households, we estimate distributions of effects on evacuation decisions for 25 predictors. Mobile home occupancy, evacuation orders, and having an evacuation plan showed the largest posit...

Within the context of modern, turbulent careers, perceived employability (PE)—one's perceived chances of obtaining a new job—has risen in importance as a crucial psychological resource that enables individuals to better cope with and navigate this environment. Increased attention to the construct has brought tremendous interest into its determinant...

Background Among people receiving residential treatment for a substance use disorder (SUD), premature treatment termination predicts poor post-treatment outcomes. We examined the utility of the alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) for predicting premature residential SUD treatment termination, including interactions with age and gende...

The see package is embedded in the easystats ecosystem, a collection of R packages that operate in synergy to provide a consistent and intuitive syntax when working with statistical models in the R programming language (R Core Team, 2021). Most easystats packages return comprehensive numeric summaries of model parameters and performance. The see pa...

The see package is embedded in the easystats ecosystem, a collection of R packages that operate in synergy to provide a consistent and intuitive syntax when working with statistical models in the R programming language (R Core Team, 2021). Most easystats packages return comprehensive numeric summaries of model parameters and performance. The see pa...

Findings from cross-sectional studies point to a positive correlation between commuting willingness and commuting behavior. Individuals who currently commute long distances to work express a greater willingness to do so in the future. In terms of policy and planning, planners and policymakers often regard the willingness to commute long distances a...

Judgments about the self compared to internalized standards are central to theoretical frameworks of social anxiety. Yet, empirical research on social comparisons-how people view themselves relative to others-and social anxiety is sparse. This research program examines the nature of everyday social comparisons in the context of social anxiety acros...

Psychological researchers currently lack guidance for how to evaluate the practical relevance of observed effect sizes, i.e. whether a finding will have impact when translated to a different context of application. Although psychologists have recently highlighted theoretical justifications for why small effect sizes might be practically relevant, s...

Background: Due to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been recommended to receive vaccinations against human papillomavirus, meningitis C and hepatitis A/B. This review aimed to compare the rates of vaccine acceptability , uptake and completion, and to identify d...

Background Due to an increased risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) have been recommended to receive vaccinations against human papillomavirus, meningitis C and hepatitis A/B. This review aimed to compare the rates of vaccine acceptability, uptake and completion, and to identify det...

The paper reports findings from a crowdsourced replication. Eighty-four replicator teams attempted to verify results reported in an original study by running the same models with the same data. The replication involved an experimental condition. A “transparent” group received the original study and code, and an “opaque” group received the same unde...

Yarkoni (2020) highlights patterns of overgeneralization in psychology research. In this comment, we note that such challenges also pertain to applied psychological and organizational research and prac-tice. We use two examples—cross-cultural generalizability and implicit bias training—to illustrate common practices of overgeneralization from narro...

Findings from 162 researchers in 73 teams testing the same hypothesis with the same data reveal a universe of unique analytical possibilities leading to a broad range of results and conclusions. Surprisingly, the outcome variance mostly cannot be explained by variations in researchers’ modeling decisions or prior beliefs. Each of the 1,261 test mod...

Background Prior research has demonstrated that various substances of abuse play a contributing role to acts of physical and verbal aggression. It is less clear if and to what extent substance use is associated with an increased risk in perpetrating cyber aggression, an emerging form of aggressive behavior that occurs through digital communication....

Goldammer et al. (2020) examined the performance of careless response detection indices by experimentally manipulating survey instructions to induce careless responding, then compared the ability of various indices to detect these induced careless responses. Based on these analyses, Goldammer et al. concluded that metrics designed to detect overly...

Objectives According to objectification theory, being treated as an object leads people, especially women, to perceive themselves as objects. This self-objectification increases body surveillance and feelings of body shame. While this relation is well-established in the literature, little is known about factors that can buffer against detrimental c...

Patterns or configurations of predictors are popular ways for researchers and science consumers to understand phenomena. Criterion profile analysis (CPA; Davison & Davenport, 2002) is a regression-based pattern matching procedure that identifies patterns of predictors that are maximally related to a criterion of interest. This technique allows rese...

Research interest in personality dynamics over time is rapidly growing. Passive personality assessment via mobile sensors offers an intriguing new approach for measuring a wide variety of personality dynamics. In this paper, we address the possibility of integrating sensor-based assessments to enhance personality dynamics research. We consider a va...

Objectives: According to objectification theory, being treated as an object leads people, especially women, to perceive themselves as objects. This self-objectification increases body surveillance and feelings of body shame. While this relation is well-established in the literature, little is known about factors that can buffer against detrimental...

In the latest salvo in the century-long lexical-dimensionality-reduction debate (Galton, 1884), Ashton and Lee (2020) argue their HEXACO model is superior to Big Five models. We argue that debates comparing alternative low-dimensional personality structures no longer advance personality science or practice. Instead, researchers should embrace the i...

Meta-analysis is frequently combined with multiple regression or path analysis to examine how the Big Five/Five-Factor Model (FFM) personality traits relate to work outcomes. A common approach in such studies is to construct a synthetic correlation matrix by combining new meta-analyses of FFM-criterion correlations with previously published meta-an...

Co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders is well-documented. Recent quantitative efforts have moved toward an understanding of this phenomenon, with the ‘general psychopathology’ or p-factor model emerging as the most prominent characterization. Over the past decade, bifactor model analysis has become increasingly popular as a statistical approach to...

Co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders is well documented. Recent quantitative efforts have moved toward an understanding of this phenomenon, with the general psychopathology or p-factor model emerging as the most prominent characterization. Over the past decade, bifactor model analysis has become increasingly popular as a statistical approach to d...

Most published meta-analyses address only artifactual variance due to sampling error and ignore the role of other statistical and psychometric artifacts, such as measurement error variance (due to factors including unreliability of measurements, group misclassification, and variable treatment strength) and selection effects (including range restric...

We describe a development process for serious games to create psychometrically rigorous measures of individual aptitudes (abilities, skills) and traits (habits, tendencies, behaviors). We begin with a discussion of serious games and how they can instantiate appropriate cognitive states for relevant aptitudes and traits to manifest. This can have nu...

We describe a development process for serious games to create psychometrically rigorous measures of individual aptitudes (abilities, skills) and traits (habits, tendencies, behaviors). We begin with a discussion of serious games and how they can instantiate appropriate cognitive states for relevant aptitudes and traits to manifest. This can have nu...

We describe a taxonomy of diverse types of workplace behaviors that contribute to or detract from environmental sustainability goals in organizational settings. The Green Five taxonomy was developed using critical incidents methodology and includes 5 major content-based meta-categories of employee green behaviors (EGB): Transforming, Avoiding Harm,...

Most published meta-analyses address only artefactual variance due to sampling error and ignore the role of other statistical and psychometric artefacts, such as measurement error (due to factors including unreliability of measurements, group misclassification, and variable treatment strength) and selection effects (including range restriction/enha...

Range restriction is a common problem in organizational research and is an important statistical artifact to correct for in meta-analysis. Historically, researchers have had to rely on range-restriction corrections that only make use of range-restriction information for one variable, but it is not uncommon for researchers to have such information f...

Background Parental characteristics and practices predict borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms in children. However, it is difficult to disentangle whether these effects are genetically or environmentally mediated. The present study examines the contributions of genetic and environmental influences by comparing the effects of familial ris...

Range restriction is a common problem in organizational research and is an important statistical artifact to correct for in meta-analysis. Historically, researchers have had to rely on range-restriction correc-tions that only make use of range-restriction information for one variable, but it is not uncommon for researchers to have such information...

Constructs versus measures in personality and other domains: What distinguishes normal and clinical? - Volume 12 Issue 2 - Brenton M. Wiernik, Marina A. Bornovalova, Stephen E. Stark, Deniz S. Ones

The protean/boundaryless career concepts refer to people becoming more self-directed and flexible in managing their careers in response to societal shifts in work arrangements. A sizable literature has emerged on protean/boundaryless career orientations/preferences (PBCO). Questions remain, however, about the structure of PBCO and whether they pred...

In an era of mass migration, social scientists, populist parties and social movements raise concerns over the future of immigration-destination societies. What impacts does this have on policy and social solidarity? Comparative cross-national research, relying mostly on secondary data, has findings in different directions. There is a threat of sele...

This figure presents a schematic depiction of conceptual relationships among dimensions of job performance as described by Campbell and Wiernik (2015) and Viswesvaran and Ones (2000) and the three broad domains of employee responsible behaviors—employee (organizational) citizenship behaviors, employee ethical behaviors, and employee green behaviors...

The protean/boundaryless career concepts refer to people becoming more self-directed and flexible in managing their careers in response to societal shifts in work arrangements. A sizeable literature has emerged on protean/boundaryless career orientations/preferences (PBCO). Questions remain, however, about the structure of PBCO and whether they pre...

Over the past four decades, psychometric meta-analysis (PMA) has emerged a key way that psychological disciplines build cumulative scientific knowledge. Despite the importance and popularity of PMA, software implementing the method has tended to be closed-source, inflexible, limited in terms of the psychometric corrections available, cumbersome to...

In this commentary on Miner et al. (2018), we highlight the role of both individual differences and social-structural factors for gender representation in STEM. We emphasize that women are active agents in guiding their own careers and that women make choices which optimize their goal pursuit in light of their individual differences traits, persona...

Employee ethical behaviors are a frequent topic of business research and a critical criterion for organizations seeking to implement socially responsible, ethical business practices. They, alongside organizational citizenship behaviors and employee green behaviors, reflect one of the three major domains of employee responsible behaviors through whi...

It is widely believed that female and male leaders have fundamentally different characteristics and styles, which are thought to explain why organizations with more gender-diverse top management teams perform somewhat better. Unfortunately, few studies have concretely specified such differences or examined whether men and women in leadership roles,...

Previous research indicates that employees with long commutes suffer from impaired health. In this paper, we argue that this relation should be conceptualized within a stress–strain framework. Using data from 1928 expatriate employees of the German Foreign Office, we test the mediating role of perceived stress in the relation between daily commutin...

Purpose The protean and boundaryless career concepts have dominated recent career research. Demographic groups are posited to differ on these “new career orientations,” with implications for career development and social equity. The purpose of this paper is to test these hypotheses by systematically reviewing research on demographic differences in...

Previous meta-analyses have established the Big Five personality traits as important predictors of job performance around the globe. This study extends the international generalizability of Big Five criterion-related validity through systematic review and meta-analyses of personality–performance research conducted in South Africa. We meta-analyzed...

Generalization in meta-analyses is not a dichotomous decision (typically encountered in papers using the Q test for homogeneity, the 75% rule, or null hypothesis tests). Inattention to effect size variability in meta-analyses may stem from a lack of guidelines for interpreting credibility intervals. In this commentary, we describe two methods for m...

Research on careers, career development, and career management has been growing rapidly in vocational psychology, IWO psychology, management, and organizational behavior. Studies across these different fields have adopted a myriad of definitions, models, and methodologies for studying individual careers. We review these diverse conceptualizations o...

Mõttus alerts us to the widespread predictive heterogeneity of different indicators of the same trait. This heterogeneity violates the assumption that traits have causal unity in their developmental antecedents and effects on outcomes. I would go a step further: broader traits are useful units for description and prediction but not for explaining p...

Recent economic and societal developments have led to an increasing emphasis on organizational environmental performance. At the same time, demographic trends are resulting in increasingly aging labor forces in many industrialized nations. Commonly held stereotypes suggest that older workers are less likely to be environmentally responsible than yo...

The present study used intraindividual criterion profile analysis to investigate the relationship between creative artistic and investigative interests and the Big Five personality traits. In 19 samples, we found that artistic and investigative interests showed distinct intraindividual personality profile patterns. Investigative interests were asso...

In Ones et al. (2016), we reported results for analyses using meta-analytic data to conduct a variance decomposition of a typical other-rated Achievement measure. In this online supplement, we present the details of those analyses.

In Ones et al. (2016), we reported results for analyses using meta-analytic data to conduct a variance decomposition of a typical other-rated Achievement measure. In this online supplement, we present the details of those analyses.

Environmental sustainability is one of the most pressing issues facing societies today. Employees play a key role in contributing to organizational environmental performance. This article describes the domain of employee green behaviors (pro-environmental behaviors at work), distinguishes them from related constructs, provides an overview of determ...

A dominant general factor (DGF) is present when a single factor accounts for the majority of reliable variance across a set of measures (Ree, Carretta, & Teachout, 2015). In the presence of a DGF, dimension scores necessarily reflect a blend of both general and specific factors. For some constructs, specific factors contain little unique reliable v...

Investigations of the link between the Big Five personality traits and vocational interests have typically found no consistent relationships between personality traits and Realistic interests. The present article uses intraindividual criterion profile analysis in two studies to identify patterns in the relationships between personality traits and R...

Individual work role performance drives the entire economy. It is organizational psychology and organizational behavior's (OP/OB's) most crucial dependent variable. In this review, alternative specifications for the definition and latent structure of individual performance are reviewed and summarized. Setting aside differences in terminology, the a...

Since the publication of scales to measure boundaryless and protean career orientations by Briscoe et al. (2006) and Baruch and Quick (2007), quantitative research on contemporary career development has increased dramatically. However, results of quantitative studies of these career attitudes have variable and inconsistent, leading some researchers...

LeBreton, Scherer, and James (2014) raise important questions about the implications of unreliable criterion measurement in industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology. Although we do not share the authors’ bleak outlook concerning the state of cumulative knowledge in our field, we do agree that continuing to rely on a criterion with an average reli...