Brent C Taylor

• PhD, MPH
• Deputy Director at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the "signature injury" in the Afghanistan and Iraq wars [Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan (OEF)/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF)]. Patients with combat-related TBI also have high rates of psychiatric disturbances and pain. To determine the prevalence of TBI alone and TBI with other conditions and the average co...

The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute currently defines a blood pressure under 120/80 as "normal." To examine the independent effects of diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) on mortality and to estimate the number of Americans affected by accounting for these effects in the definition of "normal." DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUR...

Frailty defined by the CHS phenotype is associated with higher subsequent total healthcare expenditures in community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries after accounting for claims-based cost indicators. However, frailty assessment using the 5 component CHS phenotype is often not feasible in clinical practice. Our objective was to determine whether fra...

Background Frailty defined by the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) phenotype is associated with higher healthcare expenditures in community‐dwelling Medicare beneficiaries after accounting for claims‐based cost indicators. However, frailty assessment using the CHS phenotype is often not feasible in routine clinical practice. We evaluated whether f...

Three evidence-based psychotherapies for depression (D-EBPs)—cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, acceptance and commitment therapy for depression, and interpersonal psychotherapy—are available in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) through its training initiative. However, training initiatives are not sufficient to move effective treatmen...

Background Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are widely used in clinical and nonclinical settings, there has been little systematic study of their potential risks. To address this gap, we examined differences in psychological and physical worsening among participants in the usual care and intervention conditions of a 3-group, randomiz...

Background This study quantifies incremental healthcare expenditures of functional impairments and phenotypic frailty in specific healthcare sectors. Methods Pooled 2023 analysis of 4 prospective cohort studies linked with Medicare claims including 4 318 women and 3 847 men attending an index examination (2002–2011). Annualized inpatient, skilled...

Importance Although mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are evidence-based treatments for chronic pain and comorbid conditions, implementing them at scale poses many challenges, such as the need for dedicated space and trained instructors. Objective To examine group and self-paced, scalable, telehealth MBIs, for veterans with chronic pain, comp...

Low neighborhood socioeconomic status is associated with adverse health outcomes, but its association with health care costs in older adults is uncertain. To estimate the association of neighborhood Area Deprivation Index (ADI) with total, inpatient, outpatient, skilled nursing facility (SNF), and home health care (HHC) costs among older community-...

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain are highly prevalent comorbid conditions. Veterans dually burdened by PTSD and chronic pain experience more severe outcomes compared to either disorder alone. Few studies have enrolled enough women Veterans to test gender differences in pain outcomes [catastrophizing, intensity, inte...

Background Most fractures occur in women aged ≥80 years but competing mortality unrelated to fracture may limit the benefit of osteoporosis drug therapy for some women in late life. Our primary aim was to develop separate prediction models for non‐spine fracture (NSF) and mortality before fracture to identify subsets of women with varying fracture...

Background: Although studies have documented higher rates of chronic pain among women Veterans compared to men Veterans, there remains a lack of comprehensive information about potential contributors to these disparities. Materials and Methods: This study examined gender differences in chronic pain and its contributors among 419 men and 392 women V...

Background Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk for multiple adverse events, several of which have been proven to be less likely with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). As a result, guidelines now recommend SGLT2i be given to those with mild to moderate CKD and type 2 diabetes. The objective o...

Background: Guidelines recommend home BP monitoring for the diagnosis and management of hypertension. The Veterans Affairs (VA) has a robust nationwide home BP monitoring telehealth (HT) program. Aims: We aimed to determine factors associated with being enrolled in the VA’s HT program using a nationwide cohort. Methods: Veterans with hypertension a...

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and chronic pain are highly prevalent comorbid conditions. Veterans dually burdened by PTSD and chronic pain experience more severe outcomes compared to either disorder alone. Few studies have enrolled enough women Veterans to test gender differences in pain outcomes [catastrophizing, intensity, int...

The American Society of Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Professional Practice Committee charged an ASBMR Task Force on Clinical Algorithms for Fracture Risk to review the evidence on whether current approaches for differentiating fracture risk based on race and ethnicity are necessary and valid. To help address these charges, we performed a syste...

Chronic pain is a costly and debilitating problem in the US, and its burdens are exacerbated among socially disadvantaged and stigmatized groups. In a cross-sectional study of Black Veterans with chronic pain at the Atlanta VA Health Care System (N=380), we used path analysis to explore the roles of racialized discrimination in healthcare settings,...

Targeted fracture prevention strategies among late‐life adults should balance fracture risk versus competing mortality risk. Models have previously been constructed using Fine‐Gray subdistribution methods. We used a machine learning method adapted for competing risk survival time to evaluate candidate risk factors and create models for hip fracture...

Background: Health care systems need better strategies to identify older adults at risk for costly care to select target populations for interventions to reduce health care burden. Objective: To determine whether self-reported functional impairments and phenotypic frailty are associated with incremental health care costs after accounting for cla...

Black patients and those with co-occurring mental health disorders are disproportionately affected by chronic pain, but few interventions target these populations. This is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of a walking-focused proactive counseling intervention for Black Veterans with chronic musculoskeletal pain (ACTION). The primary aim w...

Background Identifying late-life men who might benefit from treatment to prevent fracture is challenging given high mortality. Our objective was to evaluate risks of clinical fracture, hip fracture, and mortality prior to fracture among men ≥80 years. Methods Study participants included 3,145 community-dwelling men (mean [SD] age 83 [2.8] years) f...

Background: Black patients in the USA are disproportionately affected by chronic pain, yet there are few interventions that address these disparities. Objective: To determine whether a walking-focused, proactive coaching intervention aimed at addressing contributors to racial disparities in pain would improve chronic pain outcomes among Black pa...

Both height loss and weight loss among the very old are associated with adverse health outcomes including fractures and mortality. However, it is not clear whether the associations between weight loss and health outcomes are attributable to specific compartmental (fat vs. fat-free) loss or whether they are attributable to overall shrinkage. Our obj...

The failure of past practices and policies related to opioid prescribing for chronic pain has led federal agencies and professional organizations to recommend multimodal approaches that prioritize evidence-based nonpharmacological pain treatments (NPTs). These multimodal approaches, which include both traditional and complementary/integrative appro...

To assess the association of height loss in old age with subsequent risk of hip and any clinical fracture in men late in life while accounting for the competing risk of mortality, we used data from 3,491 community‐dwelling men (mean age 79.2 years). Height loss between baseline and follow‐up (mean 7.0 years between examinations) was categorized as...

Prevalent vertebral fractures (PVFx) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) are both associated with incident fractures and can be ascertained on the same lateral spine images, but their joint association with incident fractures is unclear. Our objective was to estimate the individual and joint associations of PVFx and AAC with incident major ost...

Objective To prospectively examine associations between smoking and nicotine abstinence and pain trajectory over 12-months among smokers with low, moderate, and severe pain, and to assess whether these associations differ over time. Design A secondary analysis of the “Proactive Outreach for Smokers in VA Mental Health” study; a randomized controll...

We used data from 1324 women (mean age 83) at the 2002-2004 exam linked with their Medicare claims to determine the association of the frailty phenotype with healthcare costs. The frailty phenotype was categorized as robust, pre-frail or frail. Multimorbidity and a frailty indicator (approximating the deficit accumulation index) were derived from c...

Background Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are evidence-based nonpharmacological treatments for treating chronic pain. However, the predominant MBI, mindfulness-based stress reduction, has features that pose significant implementation barriers. Objectives This study will test two approaches to delivering MBIs for improving Veterans’ chronic...

Smokers with serious mental illness (SMI) face individual, interpersonal, and healthcare provider barriers to cessation treatment utilization and smoking abstinence. Proactive outreach strategies are designed to address these barriers by promoting heightened contact with smokers and facilitating access to evidence-based treatments. The present stud...

Introduction There is a paucity of longitudinal studies with sleep efficiency (SE) as an outcome measure. Our objective was to examine potential risk factors for incident reduced SE among community-dwelling women in late life. Methods We studied 700 women (mean age 82.5 [SD=3.0] years) with a SE ≥70% at the Year 16 (2002-04) visit of the Study of...

Healthcare provider barriers to cessation resources may be undercutting quit rates for smokers with serious mental illness (SMI). The study aim was to examine how providers influence cessation treatment utilization among smokers with SMI. Data were taken from a trial conducted among smokers in Minnesota Health Care Programs. The sample was split in...

OBJECTIVES To determine the association of the frailty phenotype with subsequent healthcare costs and utilization. DESIGN Prospective cohort study (Osteoporotic Fracture in Men [MrOS]). SETTING Six US sites. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1,514 community‐dwelling men (mean age = 79.3 years) participating in the MrOS Year 7 (Y7) examination linked with...

Background: The accuracy and harms of brief cognitive tests for identifying clinical Alzheimer-type dementia (CATD) are uncertain. Purpose: To summarize evidence on accuracy and harms of brief cognitive tests for CATD in older adults with suspected cognitive impairment. Data sources: Electronic bibliographic databases (from inception to Novemb...

Background: Effects of drug treatment of clinical Alzheimer-type dementia (CATD) are uncertain. Purpose: To summarize evidence on the effects of prescription drugs and supplements for CATD treatment. Data sources: Electronic bibliographic databases (inception to November 2019), ClinicalTrials.gov (to November 2019), and systematic review bibli...

Background: Very long-term mortality in men with early prostate cancer treated with surgery versus observation is uncertain. Objective: To determine long-term effects of surgery versus observation on all-cause mortality for men with early prostate cancer. Design, setting, and participants: This study evaluated long-term follow-up of a randomiz...

Background and aims: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) and low ankle-brachial index (ABI) are markers of multisite atherosclerosis. We sought to estimate their associations in older men with health care costs and utilization adjusted for each other, and after accounting for CVD risk factors and prevalent CVD diagnoses. Methods: This was an ob...

Introduction Family members are important supports for veterans with Posttrauamtic Stress Disroder (PTSD), but they often struggle with their own distress and challenges. The Veterans Affairs—Community Reinforcement and Family Training (VA-CRAFT) website was designed to teach family members of veterans with PTSD effective ways to interact with thei...

Study Objectives To determine the associations of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) with subsequent healthcare costs and utilization including inpatient and post-acute care facility stays among community-dwelling older men. Methods Participants were 1316 men (mean age 76.1 [SD=5.7] years) in the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men (MrOS sleep)...

Purpose: Providers' beliefs about the causes of disparities and the entities responsible for addressing these disparities are important in designing disparity-reduction interventions aimed at providers. This secondary analysis of a larger study is aimed at evaluating perceptions of providers regarding the underlying causes of racial health care dis...

Importance Advanced age is associated with lower use of drug treatment to prevent fractures, but concerns about comorbidities and prognosis increase the complexity of managing osteoporosis in this age group. Objective To determine the association of disease definition, number of comorbidities, and prognosis with 5-year hip fracture probabilities a...

Background: Optimal long-term osteoporosis drug treatment (ODT) is uncertain. Purpose: To summarize the effects of long-term ODT and ODT discontinuation and holidays. Data sources: Electronic bibliographic databases (January 1995 to October 2018) and systematic review bibliographies. Study selection: 48 studies that enrolled men or postmenop...

Introduction Previous studies have suggested that specific sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep apnea) may be associated with higher utilization of healthcare services. We examined the association of an aggregate measure of sleep health dimensions with subsequent total healthcare costs and utilization. Methods We linked 1,468 community-dwelling women...

Background: Co-morbidity of psychiatric conditions with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among service members and Veterans from recent deployments. Practice guidelines for mild TBI (mTBI) recommend management of co-occurring psychiatric conditions with existing treatments, but it is unclear whether the effectiveness of treatments for psychi...

Objectives: Assess prevalence and severity of posttraumatic stress disorder, suicidal behavior, and depressive, substance use, and anxiety disorders in US service members or Veterans with and without a deployment-related mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) (mTBI). Design: Systematic review using multiple databases (January 2000 to October 2017). W...

Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is prevalent among Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom [OEF]) and Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom [OIF]) Veterans. With clinical video telehealth (CVT), Veterans screening positive for potential deployment-related TBI can receive comprehensive TBI evaluations by providers at specialized centers throug...

OBJECTIVES Depressive symptoms can be both a cause and a consequence of functional limitations and medical conditions. Our objectives were to determine the association of depressive symptoms with subsequent total healthcare costs in older women after accounting for functional limitations and multimorbidity. DESIGN Prospective cohort study (Study o...

Background Hospitalization-associated functional decline is a common problem for older adults, but it is unclear how hospitalizations impact physical performance measures such as gait speed. We sought to determine hospitalization-associated change in gait speed and likelihood of new limitations in mobility and activities of daily living (ADLs). Me...

Introduction: Concerns about the adverse effects of smoking cessation on alcohol use and mental health are a barrier to cessation for smokers with serious mental illness (SMI). The purpose of this study is to examine how incident smoking cessation affects binge drinking and symptoms of depression and anxiety among smokers with SMI. Methods: The...

Concerns about comorbidities and limited life expectancy increase the complexity of managing osteoporosis in late life. To determine effects of comorbidity burden and prognostic information on cumulative incidence of hip fracture among osteoporotic women in late life with and without accounting for competing risk of mortality, we studied 1115 osteo...

Objective: Evaluate narratives aimed at motivating providers with different pre-existing beliefs to address racial healthcare disparities. Methods: Survey experiment with 280 providers. Providers were classified as high or low in attributing disparities to providers (HPA versus LPA) and were randomly assigned to a non-narrative control or 1 of 2...

Table S1. Comparison of Baseline Characteristics of Men Included in the Analyses vs Men Excluded From the Analyses Table S2. Multivariable Adjusted Associations of All Covariates (HR [95% CI]) With Major ASCVD Events, Adjusted for Each Other

Objectives To determine the association between cumulative burden of depressive symptoms and risk of nursing home (NH) placement over 2 decades. Design Prospective cohort study with data linked to Medicare claims files. Setting Clinic sites in Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and the Monongahela Valley near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania....

Background Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and other measures of central obesity predict incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events in middle‐aged individuals, but these associations are less certain in older individuals age 70 years and older. Our objective was to estimate the associations of VAT and the android–gynoid fat mass r...

Background: Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is committed to providing high-quality care and addressing health disparities for vulnerable Veterans. To meet these goals, VA policymakers need guidance on how to address social determinants in operations planning and day-to-day clinical care for Veterans. Method: MEDLINE (OVID), CINAHL, PsycINFO...

Table S1. Characteristics of Men Who Died From CVD vs Non‐CVD Causes

Background: Frailty is associated with greater mortality; however, whether frail patients primarily die of cardiovascular disease (CVD) or non-CVD causes is unknown. Methods and results: We assessed the cause of death in relation to frailty status, measured at baseline, among 3135 community-dwelling older men in the MrOS Sleep (Outcomes of Sleep...

Background: Developing successful interventions for chronic musculoskeletal pain requires valid, responsive, and reliable outcome measures. The Minneapolis VA Evidence-based Synthesis Program completed a focused evidence review on key psychometric properties of 17 self-report measures of pain severity and pain-related functional impairment suitabl...

Introduction: Our aim was to determine associations of weight loss with bone strength and microarchitecture. Methods: We used data from 1723 community-dwelling men (mean age 84.5 years) who attended the MrOS study Year (Y) 14 exam and had high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans at ≥ 1 skeletal sites (distal ti...

Objectives To determine the association of the frailty phenotype with subsequent healthcare costs and utilization. Design Prospective cohort study (Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF)). Setting Four U.S. sites. Participants Community‐dwelling women (mean age 80.2) participating in SOF Year 10 (Y10) examination linked with their Medicare claims...

The association of weight loss with health care costs among older women is uncertain. Our study aim was to examine the association of objectively measured weight change with subsequent total health care (THC) costs and other health care utilization among older women. Our study population included 2,083 women (mean age 80.2 years) enrolled in the St...

Background: We examined the effects of mobility and cognition on maintenance of independence among women in late life. Methods: Prospective 5-year study of 1,010 independent community-dwelling women (mean age 88.0 years) participating in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Year 20 examination (2006-2008). Mobility, ascertained by walk speed, was...

Introduction: Our objective was to compare and contrast predictors of changes in TBS, total hip BMD, and lumbar spine BMD. Methods: Our study population was 3969 Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort participants (mean age 72.8 years) with repeat measures of TBS, lumbar spine and total hip BMD, body mass index (BMI) less than 37 kg/m(2), a...

Introduction: Our objective was to determine the association of protein intake by source (dairy, non-dairy animal, plant) with bone strength and bone microarchitecture among older men. Methods: We used data from 1016 men (mean 84.3 years) who attended the Year 14 exam of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study, completed a food frequency...

Background To examine the associations between objective physical activity measures and subsequent health care utilization. Methods We studied 1,283 men (mean age 79.1 years, SD 5.3) participating in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. Participants wore a SenseWear® Pro Armband monitor for 1 week. Data was summarized as daily (i) step counts,...

Prior data in women suggest that incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic vertebral fractures (VFs) often are symptomatic, but misclassification of incident clinical VF may have biased these estimates. There are no comparable data in men. To evaluate the association of incident clinically undiagnosed radiographic VF with back pain symptoms and...

Background: The optimal approach for selecting men for bone mineral density (BMD) testing to screen for osteoporosis is uncertain. Objective: To compare strategies for selecting older men for screening BMD testing. Design: Prospective cohort study. Participants: A total of 4043 community-dwelling men aged ≥70 years at four US sites. Main me...

Fractures are binary events (they either occur or they do not), and predicting whether fractures may occur involves assigning probabilities of one or more of those events occurring over time to populations and to individuals. Fracture risk prediction has become central to the management of osteoporosis and fracture prevention in clinical practice,...

Background This study examines effects of mobility and multimorbidity on hospitalization and inpatient and post-acute care (PAC) facility days among older men. Methods Prospective study of 1701 men (mean age 79.3 years) participating in MrOS Study Year 7 (Y7) examination (2007-2008) linked with their Medicare claims. At Y7, mobility ascertained by...

Examination of trends in Veterans Health Administration (VHA) healthcare utilization and costs among veterans with mild Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is needed to inform policy, resource allocation and treatment planning. The objective of this study was to assess the patterns of VHA healthcare utilization and costs in the three years following TBI s...

Background . The Berlin Initiative Study (BIS) eGFR equations were developed specifically for aged populations, but their predictive validity compared to standard formulae is unknown in older women. Methods . In a prospective study of 1289 community-dwelling older women (mean age 79.5 years), we compared the performance of the BIS1 SCr-based equati...

The association of Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) with incident clinical and radiographic vertebral fractures in older men is uncertain. TBS was estimated from baseline spine DXA scans for 5,831 older men (mean age 73.7 years) enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the associat...

Study Objective Determine the associations of sleep disturbances with hospitalization risk among older women. Methods 1,827 women (mean age 83.6 years) participating in Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Year 16 (Y16) examination (2002-2004) linked with Medicare and/or HMO claims. At Y16 examination, sleep/wake parameters were measured by actigraphy...

Objective: Determine whether serum phosphate is associated with concurrent cognitive impairment and subsequent cognitive decline in older men independent of demographic covariates and atherosclerotic risk factors. Methods: In a prospective study of 5529 men enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study, we measured baseline serum phosphate...

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured by computed tomography (CT) is related to insulin resistance, lipids, and serum inflammatory markers. Our objective was to compare the strength of the associations of VAT measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA-VAT) and CT (CT-VAT) with insulin resistance, serum lipids, and serum markers of inflam...

Background The association between various definitions of sarcopenia and hospitalization has not been evaluated in community-dwelling older men. Methods We used data from 1,516 participants at Visit 3 of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study who also had linked Medicare Fee-For-Service Claims data available. We examined the association be...

Background Rates of chronic pain are rising sharply in the United States and worldwide. Presently, there is evidence of racial disparities in pain treatment and treatment outcomes in the United States but few interventions designed to address these disparities. There is growing consensus that chronic musculoskeletal pain is best addressed by a biop...

The supplementary materials provided include four tables. The first shows the 4 equations used to estimate GFR in this manuscript. The second table outlines the net reclassification improvement formulae used. Finally, the last two tables display the results of Cox proportional hazards regression analysis using quartiles of eGFR instead of categorie...

Dietary protein is a potentially modifiable risk factor for fracture. Our objectives were to assess the association of protein intake with incident fracture among older men and whether these associations varied by protein source or by skeletal site. We studied a longitudinal cohort of 5875 men (mean age 73.6, SD = 5.9 years) in the Osteoporotic Fra...

Purpose: Nocturnal cardiac conduction abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). However, few population-based studies have examined the association between SDB and daytime cardiac conduction abnormalities. Methods: We examined a random sample of 471 community-dwelling men, aged ≥67 years, enrolled in...

Objectives: To determine whether slow gait speed increases the risk of costly long-term nursing home residence when accounting for death as a competing risk remains unknown. Design: Longitudinal cohort study using proportional hazards models to predict long-term nursing home residence and subdistribution models with death as a competing risk. S...

Background This study examines the association between cystatin C (cysC) levels and risks of progression of frailty status or death in older men. Methods Prospective study of 2,613 men without overt frailty aged 67 years and older enrolled in the MrOS ancillary sleep study. Baseline measurements included serum cysC, serum creatinine, and frailty s...

Background: In 2012, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based prostate cancer screening for all men. Objective: To inform educational materials addressing patient questions and concerns about the 2012 USPSTF guidelines, we sought to: (i) characterize patient perceptions a...

Introduction: The aim of this study is to estimate the associations of individual pre-fracture characteristics with total health care costs after hip fracture, using Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) cohort data linked to Medicare claims. Methods: Our study population was 738 women age 70 and older enrolled in Medicare Fee for Service (FFS)...

Purpose of study: Individualized interdisciplinary care is the hallmark for rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Veterans Health Administration (VHA) utilizes an electronic note template to document Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation and Community Reintegration (IRCR) care plans for Veterans with TBI requiring rehabilitation. All V...

Background: Although there are several consensus definitions of sarcopenia, their association with health care utilization has not been studied. Methods: We included women from the prospective Study of Osteoporotic Fractures with complete assessment of sarcopenia by several definitions at the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Year 10 (Y10) exam (199...

Background: Recently, the first estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formula specifically developed for community-dwelling older adults, the Berlin Initiative Study Equation 2 (BIS2), was reported. To date, however, no study has examined the performance of the BIS2 to predict death in older adults as compared to equations used clinically an...

Trabecular bone score (TBS) has been proposed as a dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived measure of underlying quality of trabecular bone, however TBS is not considered valid for those with body mass index (BMI) >37 kg/m(2) . Our objective was to determine the association between TBS and lumbar spine (trabecular) volumetric BMD (LS-VBMD) and to e...

Background Current guidelines advise providers to assess smokers’ readiness to quit, then offer cessation therapies to smokers planning to quit and motivational interventions to smokers not planning to quit. Objectives We examined the relationship between baseline stage of change (SOC), treatment utilization, and smoking cessation to determine whet...