Braulio Sánchez-Ureña

• PhD.
• Professor (Full) at Universidad Nacional Costa

This systematic review aimed to analyze the implications of endurance exercise in environments with certain levels of air pollution. This study was developed on the basis of the consensus of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The present review is supported by articles containing the main databases PubM...

This paper is concerned with the importance of virtual reality (VR) in case of readaptation in sports. It emphasizes VR’s innovative aspect of providing recovery and many other aspects associated with performance-related enhancement, injury prevention, and interdisciplinary cohesion. According to the chosen research approach, VR creates real, virtu...

Recovery between physical efforts is essential for optimal performance in sports. Dietary supplements like cannabidiol (CBD) have been proposed to facilitate recovery and performance optimization. This systematic review aimed to: a) systematize the scientific evidence on CBD for recovery, b) associate CBD's biomedical properties with those required...

This study aimed to explore the immediate effects of smartphone-based social media use on table tennis performance variables such as reaction speed, stroke execution accuracy, and focus. A total of 14 young athletes, consisting of 7 males and 7 females (10.86 ± 1.83 years; 2.43 ± 0.65 years of experience in table tennis) participated in a randomize...

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los indicadores de carga externa e interna en balonmano juvenil durante un torneo congestionado en Costa Rica, seleccionando variables a través de Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) como técnica de reducción de datos, y determinar si existen diferencias entre sexo. Los datos se obtuvier...

This study aimed to explore the immediate effects of smartphone-based social media use on table tennis performance variables such as reaction speed, stroke execution accuracy, and focus. A total of 14 young athletes, consisting of 7 males and 7 females (10.86 ± 1.83 years; 2.43 ± 0.65 years of experience in table tennis) participated in a randomize...

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CWI and passive recovery on indicators of fatigue in handball players after three consecutive days of competition. The study was applied to 41 handball players belonging to 8 handball clubs in Costa Rica (20 men and 21 women; 20.1 ± 4.08 years; weight, 68.03 ± 13.13 kg; VO2max= 42.40 ± 5.31 ml / kg /...

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CWI and passive recovery on indicators of fatigue in handball players after three consecutive days of competition. The study was applied to 41 handball players belonging to 8 handball clubs in Costa Rica (20 men and 21 women; 20.1 ± 4.08 years; weight, 68.03 ± 13.13 kg; VO2max= 42.40 ± 5.31 ml / kg /...

This study aimed to compare the mechanical and functional muscle performance of three different competitive soccer teams of the Costa Rica professional league (U17, Pro A, and Pro B). Age 20.09 ± 4.32 years old, weight body mass 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, height 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; body fat percentage 13.9 ± 5.06 %; lean body mass 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; lean body ma...

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de basquetbolistas juveniles costarricenses según sexo, posiciones de juego y categoría de edad. Se evaluaron 99 jugadores juveniles (43 mujeres y 56 hombres; 18 bases, 51 aleros y 30 pívots; 42 categoría U16 y 57 categoría U18) de ocho equipos difer...

Background. Training muscle capacities in hypoxic conditions increases some manifestations, such as hypertrophy and muscle strength, due to a change in the muscle phenotype as a result of the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF). Despite the proven benefits of resistance training in hypoxic conditions that allow conjecture regarding the ef...

En la actualidad, la adquisición y el perfeccionamiento de las habilidades técnico-tácticas tiene un importante papel en el fútbol en edad escolar. Por ello, los objetivos del presente estudio fueron conocer en primera instancia el Perfil autodefinido y, posteriormente, analizar el Modo de actuación de dos entrenadores de fútbol en edad escolar (su...

The purpose of this study was to describe an anthropometric, aerobic and muscle power profile of young Costa Rican basketball players according to sex, play positions and age. The assessment was carried outa on 99 young players (43 women and 56 men; 18 guards, 51 forwards and 30 centers; 42 in the U16 category and 57 in the U18 category) from eight...

As reported in the medical literature, lateral asymmetries (LA) in sports may lead to overload injuries and reduction in performance. Even a lateral asymmetry of ten percent can lead to structural and functional conditions which may precipitate sub-optimal performance or increase the risk of overload injuries. The aim of this study was to explore...

Internal load is defined as a combination of biochemical and biomechanical stress on an athlete's system. Understanding the manner which blood biomarkers as internal load variables could impact external load indicators of physical performance can improve how coaches plan and prescribe physical loads in soccer. This research aimed to analyze the rel...

This study aimed to compare physical and physiological demands in youth basketball players according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes. 64 players (32 female and 32 male) from eight youth sub-elite basketball teams were monitored using an Ultra-Wide Band system and inertial measurement unit in three consecutive matches. The results s...

The present study aims to exploratory systematic review related to injuries in football 5-a-side for people with visual impairment. For the document search, the following keywords were used: «Football 5-a-side» and «Injury».The databases used were Web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus.To limit the search for manuscripts, a series of inclusion and exclu...

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática exploratoria relacionada con las lesiones en el fútbol a 5 en personas con discapacidad visual. Para la búsqueda de documentos, se emplearon las siguientes palabras clave: «Football 5-a-side» e «Injury». Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Web Of Science, Pubmed y Scopus. Pa...

This study aimed to compare physical and physiological demands in youth basketball players according to gender, playing positions, and match outcomes. 64 players (32 female and 32 male) from eight youth sub-elite basketball teams were monitored using an Ultra-Wide Band system and inertial measurement unit in three consecutive matches. The results s...

Background: Body temperature is often assessed in the core and the skin. Infrared thermography has been used to measure skin temperature (Tsk) in sport research and clinical practice. This study aimed to explore the information reported to date on the use of infrared thermography to detect short-term Tsk responses to endurance exercise and to ident...

Background: This study aimed to globally assess heat strain, dehydration, and mechanical load as acute kidney injury (AKI) indicators in amateur endurance trail athletes during a 35.3 km run. Methods: Thirty amateur experienced trail runners completed an endurance trail run (total positive ascend 1815 m). The following assessments were performed...

Background: This study aimed to globally assess heat strain, dehydration, and mechanical load as acute kidney injury (AKI) indicators in amateur endurance trail athletes during a 35.3 km run. Methods: Thirty amateur experienced trail runners completed an endurance trail run (total positive ascend 1815 m). The following assessments were performed in...

The use of therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) in sports science, medicine and rehabilitation has increased significantly in the last decade. This growth has been accompanied by a great scientific interest for the study of responses during injury treatment and the finding of optimal dosage. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review was to explore th...

El uso de la ecografía terapéutica (TUS) en la ciencia del deporte, la medicina y la rehabilitación ha aumentado significativamente en la última década. Este crecimiento ha estado acompañado de un gran interés científico por el estudio de las respuestas durante el tratamiento de lesiones y el hallazgo de la dosis óptima. Por lo tanto, el propósito...

This study aimed to assess the effect of a marathon running at a hot environmental temperature on the baseline skin temperature (Tsk) of the posterior day and to analyze the relationship between Tsk response and muscle damage markers variation. The Tsk, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase of 16 marathon runners were assessed four times befor...

Cold water immersion (CWI) is a recovery method in sports, acting through a reduction in body temperature and improvement of muscular function by limiting post-exercise inflammation processes. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of intermittent and continuous cold-water immersion (CWI) on skin temperature recovery throughout the days after the st...

Aims and Scope The purpose of this study was to compare external and internal workload according to sex and match periods in youth basketball players during a congested-fixture tournament using an exploratory factor analysis method as a data reduction technique through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Methods Sixty-four youth basketball players...

(1) Background: Data mining has turned essential when exploring a large amount of information in performance analysis in sports. This study aimed to select the most relevant variables influencing the external and internal load in top-elite 5-a-side soccer (Sa5) using a data mining model considering some contextual indicators as match result, body m...

The extensive use of wearable sensors in sport medicine, exercise medicine, and health has increased the interest in their study. That is why it is necessary to test these technologies’ efficiency, effectiveness, agreement, and reliability in different settings. Consequently, the purpose of this article was to analyze the magnetic, angular rate, an...

1) Background: This study aimed to explore wearable sensors′ potential use to assess cumulative mechanical kidney trauma during endurance off-road running. (2) Methods: 18 participants (38.78 ± 10.38 years, 73.24 ± 12.6 kg, 172.17 ± 9.48 cm) ran 36 k off-road race wearing a Magnetic, Angular Rate and Gravity (MARG) sensor attached to their lower ba...

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore which urinary markers could indicate acute kidney injury (AKI) during prolonged trail running in outpatient settings. Materials and Methods: Twenty-nine experienced trail runners (age 39.1 ± 8.8 years, weight 71.9 ± 11 kg, height 171.9 ± 8.3 cm) completed a 35 km event (cumulative...

e main objective of this study was to compare the acute effect of static and dynamic inter-set stretching on performance during resistance training. Thirty physically active and apparently healthy male subjects took part in the study with a minimum experience of four months in resistance training. e mean of age was 23.4 ± 3.2 years; the body mass...

New technological advances are constantly being developed to assess fatigue and muscle damage in sports. Tensiomyography (TMG) has been used as an alternative method to indirectly assess these physiological responses. The aim of this study was to explore the potential use of TMG parameters (muscle radial deformation [Dm], time of contraction [Tc],...

In recent decades, the search for non-doping substances that enhance sports performance has increased. Ergogenic aids such as beetroot juice (BRJ) and BRJ rich in nitrates (NO 3 À) are widely used to cause physiological benefits that may lead to physical improvements. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to explore the knowledge rep...

Background: Harness resistance training have been used extensively by coaches and trainers in different sport, but it effectiveness have to be proved. Objective: Aim of this study was to explore the effects of an assisted harness resistance training program on vertical jump associated with squat and counter-movement jumps, biochemical fatigue marke...

Reaction in team sports involves a series of systemic processes integrating functions to develop a response considering situation, time and space. The aim of this study was to analyze the agreement and reliability of a neuromuscular and cognitive test based on light stimuli to assess integrative reaction time in sports. Fourteen active participants...

During mountain running events, athletes can experience muscular impairment as well as adverse health conditions of cardiovascular, immunological, renal and hepatic nature. Specifically, regarding the renal system, it has been shown that physical stress is a factor that contributes to the transitory decrease of renal function known as acute kidney...

Background: Congested-fixture championships are common during the selection of the athletes and teams participating in the Olympic Games. Throughout these tournaments, it is fundamental to perform optimally, rest well, and recover between competitions. This study aimed to a) explore the effectiveness of the use of intermittent pneumatic compression...

The increase of wide-spread participation in endurance events in sports such as open water swimming, cycling, running and triathlons, has given rise to a concern about potential implications for renal function and kidney health. This study aimed to delve into the findings on exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in endurance...

The purpose of the study was to analyze the variation of running speed and heart rate in amateur runners during a marathon in a hot environment. Eighteen runners (weight: 65.2 ± 12.21 kg, height: 168.4 ± 10.6 cm, VO2max: 52.9 ± 7.1 ml/kg/min) took part of a beach-side marathon (42195 m) under a temperature of 27.8 ± 3.52 ºC and at 0-80 m altitude....

The purpose of the study was to analyze the variation of running speed and heart rate in amateur runners during a marathon in a hot environment. Eighteen runners (weight: 65.2 ± 12.21 kg, height: 168.4 ± 10.6 cm, VO2max: 52.9 ± 7.1 ml/kg/min) took part of a beach-side marathon (42195 m) under a temperature of 27.8 ± 3.52 ºC and at 0-80 m.a.s.l. Pea...

During mountain running events, athletes can experience muscular impairment as well as adverse health conditions of cardiovascular, immunological, renal and hepatic nature. Specifically, regarding the renal system, it has been shown that physical stress is a factor that contributes to the transitory decrease of renal function known as acute kidney...

Cold water immersion (CWI) is a commonly recommended recovery technique for athletes. Few studies, however, have analyzed the effects of CWI protocols, specifically in internal and external load in congested fixture tournament. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of continuous cold water immersion (CCWI) protocols and passive...

The addition of a hypoxic stimulus during resistance training is suggested to increase the metabolic responses, enhancing hypertrophy and muscle strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training performed at submaximal intensities combined with normobaric hypoxia on muscular performance, body composition and...

With the development of new microsensor technology to assess load in sports, some indicators of external load through accelerometry-based data have been created by sport technology companies. Thus, the study aim was to analyze the agreement between different accelerometry-based external load indicators (ABELIs) available in sport science. A U-16 ma...

The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of altitude and environmental temperature on muscle mechanical and functional activation after 30' Time Trial run (30' TT). Twenty physical active males (Age= 20.4 ±3.21 years, VO2max= 47.2 ±5.2 ml/kg/min) performed a 30' TT in three different conditions of altitude and temperature: Control Con...

Athlete ́s trust in professionals, self-determination, and compromise and communication of all the health providers of the athlete in the process of recovering from an injury, is essential to recover the physical and psychological form necessary to return to play and sport and medical all clear (Kraemer et al., 2009; Podlog et al., 2011). Consideri...

Muscle and kidney injury in endurance athletes is worrying for health, and its relationship with physical external workload (eWL) needs to be explored. This study aimed to analyze which eWL indexes have more influence on muscle and kidney injury biomarkers. 20 well-trained trail runners (age = 38.95 ± 9.99 years) ran ~35.27 km (thermal-index = 23.2...

Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad, el nivel de actividad física y autoestima de la población escolar de II Ciclo del cantón central de Heredia Método: este fue un estudio descriptivo-comparativo transversal en el que se analizaron 442 niños, de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado escolar, de los cuales 234 fueron niños y 208 niñas...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar las preferencias de matrícula según sexo, del estudiantado de cursos libres de la Escuela Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Calidad de Vida (CIEMHCAVI) de la Universidad Nacional en Costa Rica, en cuanto a las modalidades de fitness o wellness. Procedimiento: Esta investigación se desarrolló con un enf...

INTRODUCTION: In current team sports (including volleyball), the players have to play numerous competitive matches without time to recover. Volleyball can be defined as a moderate duration exercise including repeated bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with brief periods of low to moderate active recovery or passive rest. A match is char...

Participating in marathons in hot and humid weather may lead to fatigue, syncope, injuries or even death. In the diagnosis and monitoring of delayed onset muscle soreness and fatigue status, infrared thermography (IRT) has been used as a non-invasive method for the assessing skin temperature as a response of muscle hyperthermia after exercise. Purp...

In sport, recovery is a multifactorial process and one modality commonly recommended for athletes is cold water immersion (CWI). The physiologic benefits of CWI have been touted in several studies and reviews. Few studies, however, have analyzed the psychological effects of CWI protocols, specifically with regards to pain and perceived recovery. Pu...

Objective: to determine the kinematic and technical parameters performed by soccer players according to their playing position that were related with sport performance of teams in the World Cup 2014. Material and Methods: The data reported by FIFA of 350 soccer players and 793 observations obtained during the competition were used. The playing posi...

INTRODUCTION: In current team sports (including volleyball), the players have to play numerous competitive matches without time to recover. Volleyball can be defined as a moderate duration exercise including repeated bouts of high-intensity activity interspersed with brief periods of low to moderate active recovery or passive rest. A match is chara...

BACKGROUND: Resistance training performed under hypoxia conditions has been shown to cause major metabolic and hormonal responses. However, the influence of hypoxia on an acute session has been barely studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of an intermittent hypoxic resistance training (IHRT) to muscle failure on bench pre...

Performance in team sports is the expression of complex, dynamic, interactive and multidimensional processes. It is now well-established that optimum recovery after practice or match is a key factor of team sport performance. During season and tournaments, improving recovery could offer an advantage for following performance. As a consequence of th...

Propósito: Analizar las relaciones entre autoeficacia, ansiedad precompetitiva y percepción subjetiva del rendimiento deportivo en futbolistas de diferentes categorías (sub 17 y juvenil) de un club de fútbol costarricense. Metodología: Participaron 32 jugadores: 17 de la categoría sub 17 (todos con 16 años de edad) y 15 de la categoría juvenil (18...

Gutiérrez-Vargas, R, Martín-Rodríguez, S, Sánchez-Ureña, B, Rodríguez-Montero, A, Salas-Cabrera, J, Gutiérrez-Vargas, JC, Simunic, B, and Rojas-Valverde, D. Biochemical and muscle mechanical postmarathon changes in hot and humid conditions. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The aim of this study was to compare biochemical changes and mechani...

Purpose: To examine the maintenance of functional capacity and hemodynamic responses to exercise in cardiac patients two and a half years after discharge from cardiac rehabilitation program. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with CVD were contacted after discharge from our university-based phase II cardiac rehabilitation program between 2011 and 2014....

Cold water immersion (CWI) has become a highly used recovery method in sports sciences, which seeks to minimize fatigue and accelerate recovery processes; however, tensiomyography (TMG) is a new method to analyze the muscle mechanical response as a recovery indicator after CWI protocols, this relative new tool of muscle function assessment, can lea...

Purpose: Compare the effect of two protocols cold water immersion on indicators of recovery in female handball players. Methods: 12 female handball players (Age: 14 ± 0.7 years, body mass: 58.44 ± 7.8 kg, Height: 161± 7.1 cm, fat %: 21.5± 3) were involved in a "cross-over" experimental design. After three training sessions (Avg heart rate 183 ± 9,...

Introduction. Actually, scientific evidence presents a big amount of data concerning to anthropometric and conditional profile of both genders in basketball. However, there is no evidence comparing junior players (both genders) during pre-camp. Aim. The main purpose of the present investigation was to analyze pre-camp variation in anthropometric an...

El propósito de este estudio fue determinar las características antropométricas y el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2máx) de ciclistas élite costarricenses. Participaron un total de 22 ciclistas con un promedio de edad de 24.7 ± 3.7 años, un peso corporal de 64.5 ± 2.7 kg, estatura de 1.73 ± 0.02 m y una experiencia en competencias de 10 ± 2.3 años....

Resumen El propósito del estudio fue comparar las características antropométricas y las capacidades neuromusculares en futbolistas costarricenses según su posición en el terreno de juego. Se evaluó un total de 84 futbolistas de cinco equipos de la división de alto rendimiento del fútbol costarricense con una edad promedio de 17.8 ± 1.2 años. El por...

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs are effective on reducing levels of stress and improvement in mood states. However, when those benefits occur within eight weeks of exercise training is unknown. Purpose: to determine the weekly effect of exercise-based CR on perceived stress and mood states in patients with coronary artery diseas...

Cold water immersion (CWI) is a recovery method used frequently in sport. Multiple studies indicate a potential role for CWI after training and competition in various sports. However, a critical review of the medical literature reveals a paucity of studies regarding use of CWI specifically in team handball. As a high intensity sport, handball is ch...

Objective: The main objective of this study was to compare two cold water immersion protocols, continuous or intermittent, on recovery in basketball players. Methods: Ten male basketball players (age: 14±0.4 years, body mass: 65.4±9.1 kg, height: 175±7.3 cm, body fat %: 10.3±4) were included in the study. After three 90-minute training sessions (av...

El propósito de este estudio fue comparar el efecto de la superficie artificial (AT) y la natural (NG) sobre el desempeño físico y técnico de los jugadores profesionales de fútbol. Un total de 17 jugadores de fútbol en buen estado de salud (24.0 ± 4.1 años, peso 174 ± 6.1 cm; peso corporal 73.4 ± 6.3 kg; porcentaje de grasa corporal 14.2 ± 2.3; VO2...

Introduction. Actually, scientific evidence presents a big amount of data concerning to anthropometric and conditional profile of both genders in basketball. However, there is no evidence comparing junior players (both genders) during pre-camp. Aim. The main purpose of the present investigation was to analyze pre-camp variation in anthropometric an...

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Las características antropométricas y fisiológicas en el fútbol según posición de juego se han estudiado con el objetivo de medir su relevancia en la competición. Sin embargo, la comparación de métodos de composición corporal es poco conocida en jugadores de fútbol costarricense. Propósito: comparar la composición corporal mediante el uso de la abs...

The objective of this paper was to determine the effects of the modification of soccer´s rule number 11 and its variations on the technical and physiological response of the players. Eleven male soccer players (mean ± DS, age 17.82±1.11 years, height 170.82±4.20 cm; weight 66.29±7.10 kg; body fat % 14.87±4.22; VO2max 53.60 ± 4.22 ml/kg/min) who tra...

Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento neuromuscular posterior a la competencia en jugadores profesionales de fútbol de Costa Rica por medio de tensiomiografía. Metodología: 10 jugadores masculinos (27.78 ± 2.87 años, estatura 175.43 ± 4.04 cm, peso corporal 69.00±3.68 kg, 13.17±3.88% de grasa corporal). Se realizó una medición tensiomiográfica de r...

The aim of this meta-analysis was to study the effect of cold water immersions and the contrast immersions of cold/hot water. METHODOLOGY: We analyzed studies including search terms in the: title, keywords and abstract. From the analysis overall and corrected (Hedges’s g) effect sizes, 95% confidence intervals, meta-analysis Z, Cochran’s Q and I2 f...

The aim of this meta-analysis was to study the effect of cold water immersions and the contrast immersions of cold/hot water. METHODOLOGY: We analyzed studies including search terms in the: title, keywords and abstract. From the analysis overall and corrected (Hedges’s g) effect sizes, 95% confidence intervals, meta-analysis Z, Cochran’s Q and I2 f...

The aim of this study was to establish a psychological characterization in professionals Costa Rica first division soccer and basketball players. Methodology: two hundred and forty players were recluted for this study (140 soccer players and 99 basketball players. The "Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento" (C...

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The aim of this study was to establish a psychological characterization in professionals Costa Rica first division soccer and basketball players. METHODOLOGY: two hundred and forty players were recluted for this study (140 soccer players and 99 basketball players. The "Cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento" (C...

Objetivo: Evaluar indicadores antropométricos, fisiológicos y de aptitud física relacionados con la salud en trabajadores costarricenses. Método: Participaron 965 sujetos (379 hombres y 586 mujeres) trabajadores de diferentes empresas públicas y privadas, con una edad promedio de ±40,34 años. El peso fue determinado con una balanza validada, con un...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess anthropometric, physiological and physical fitness indicators related to Costa Rican employee´s health. Methods: A total of 965 subjects (379 men and 586 women) participated in this study. They came from different public and private companies, with an average age of 40,34 ± years. The weight was me...

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los niveles estresrecuperacion en deportistas costarricenses de alto rendimiento. Metodología: participaron un total de 239 sujetos, con una media de edad de 25,4 } 4,8 anos y con un promedio de 6,4 } 4,6 anos de entrenamiento en la primera division de su disciplina deportiva. Se utilizo la version...

The purpose of this study was to determine stress-recovery levels in Costa Rican high performance athletes. Methods: 239 subjects, (25.4±4.8 years) answered, 6, 4 ± 4,6 years of training in the first division of his sport. We used the Spanish version of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for athletes. Results: mean scores for recovery variables were...