Bradley A Connor

Bradley A Connor
Weill Cornell Medicine | Cornell · Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

M.D.

About

146
Publications
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Publications

Publications (146)
Article
Full-text available
Background: The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems emphasized the need for rapid and effective triage tools to identify patients at risk of severe or fatal infection. Measuring host response markers of inflammation and endothelial activation at clinical presentation may help to inform appropriate triage and care practices in pati...
Article
Background Dengue is a leading cause of febrile illness among international travellers. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of imported dengue in returning travellers evaluated at GeoSentinel sites from 2007–2022. Methods We retrieved GeoSentinel records of dengue among travellers residing in non-endemic countries. W...
Article
Background Prolonged diarrhoea is common among returning travellers and is often caused by intestinal protozoa. However, the epidemiology of travel-associated illness caused by protozoal pathogens is not well described. Methods We analysed records of returning international travellers with illness caused by Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium spp....
Article
Background Chikungunya is an important travel-related disease because of its rapid geographical expansion and potential for prolonged morbidity. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of travel-related chikungunya infections may influence prevention strategies including education and vaccination. Methods We analysed data from travellers with c...
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Background In 2020–2022, U.S. Major League Soccer (MLS) used SARS-CoV-2 mitigation protocols that included masking, social distancing, avoiding contact with others outside of training and games, testing, quarantine, and isolation. In addition to isolation for those who tested positive, a SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequencing strategy was developed to ident...
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Problem/condition: During 2012-2021, the volume of international travel reached record highs and lows. This period also was marked by the emergence or large outbreaks of multiple infectious diseases (e.g., Zika virus, yellow fever, and COVID-19). Over time, the growing ease and increased frequency of travel has resulted in the unprecedented global...
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Background Professional soccer athletes are at risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 when traveling or through domestic community transmission. The U.S. Major League Soccer (MLS) league uses protocol-based SARS-CoV-2 testing for identification of individuals with COVID-19. Methods Per MLS protocol, fully vaccinated players underwent SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testi...
Article
Background: International travellers frequently acquire infectious diseases while travelling, yet relatively little is known about the impact and economic burden of these illnesses on travellers. We conducted a prospective exploratory costing study on adult returning travellers with falciparum malaria, dengue, chikungunya, or Zika virus. Methods:...
Article
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Background The BioFire® FilmArray® Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel provides results for 22 bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens responsible for GI infection in about an hour. This test is indicated for use with stool specimens in Cary-Blair media (SCB) as a specimen type. For many patients, a stool sample can be difficult to provide during a singl...
Article
International travel has resumed while the risk of SARS-CoV-2 persists, leading to consideration of medications that can treat or prevent Covid-19 when travellers become ill abroad. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir, molnupiravir, and tixagevimab-cilgavimab are available under Emergency Use Authorization or conditional approval. We discuss the potential appli...
Article
Persistent abdominal symptoms (PAS) are among the most common complaints in returning travellers. Although most cases of travellers’ diarrhoea (TD) are acute and self-limited, a certain percentage of travellers will develop persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, often referred to as chronic or persistent TD, although the most common clinical present...
Article
This comparative effectiveness research study assesses the accuracy of single vs repeated antigen testing for diagnosis of COVID-19 among asymptomatic individuals in a workplace setting.
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Background: Non-immune international travelers are at risk of acquiring hepatitis A. Although hepatitis A vaccination is recommended for unvaccinated travelers to high or intermediate hepatitis A virus endemicity, compliance with this recommendation is not universal. Objective: To describe the demographic and travel characteristics of international...
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Background The quantitative level of pathogens present in a host is a major driver of infectious disease (ID) state and outcome. However, the majority of ID diagnostics are qualitative. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is an emerging ID diagnostics and research tool to provide insights, including tracking transmission, evolution, and identifying no...
Article
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Background As the SARS-CoV-2 (SCV-2) virus evolves, diagnostics and vaccines against novel strains rely on viral genome sequencing. Researchers have gravitated towards the cost-effective and highly sensitive amplicon-based (e.g. ARTIC) and hybrid capture sequencing (e.g. SARS-CoV-2 NGS Assay) to selectively target the SCV-2 genome. We provide an in...
Article
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We present two Delta (B.1.617.2) vaccine breakthrough individuals, a father and son living in separate households. The older, 63-year-old patient's symptoms were severe enough to require hospitalization. Despite having a high titer of anti-spike IgG in his serum, his symptoms resolved within 24 hours following monoclonal antibody (bamlanivimab/etes...
Article
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Background. Enteric fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi ( S. Typhi) and Paratyphi ( S. Paratyphi), is a common travel-related illness. Limited data are available on their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns among travelers. Methods. Records with a culture-confirmed diagnosis seen during or after travel from January 2007 to Decemb...
Article
Travel medicine has virtually stopped in light of the coronavirus pandemic. It is worth contemplating how travel medicine will be affected by the ongoing pandemic when international travel starts to become more possible. How will we advise patients, and utilize the coming vaccines that may be available? Travel medicine practices are well-suited to...
Article
Purpose of review: With its impact on quality of life and increasing awareness, postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is now gaining attention as one of the major health problems commonly encountered in gastrointestinal practice. Literature investigating the various pathogenic mechanisms involved is rapidly emerging. The objective of th...
Article
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is widely distributed worldwide and is endemic in developing countries. Travel-related HEV infection has been reported at national levels, but global data are missing. Moreover, the global availability of HEV diagnostic testing has not been explored so far. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiology o...
Article
Introduction: International travellers contribute to the rapid spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) and its sentinel identification globally. We describe ZIKV infections among international travelers seen at GeoSentinel sites with a focus on ZIKV acquired in the Americas and the Caribbean, describe countries of exposure and traveler characteristics, and as...
Chapter
Persistent abdominal symptoms, including diarrhea after return from travel, comprise an increasingly recognized clinical situation that has multiple potential etiologies, including infection, post-infectious processes, and organic or structural gastrointestinal disease. Thorough history, stool examinations, and other diagnostic modalities are impor...
Article
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may be emerging among international travellers and migrants. Limited data exist on mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in travellers. We describe the epidemiology of travel-associated CL and MCL among international travellers and immigrants over a 20-year period through descriptive analysis of GeoSentinel data...
Article
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Exposure to cholera is a risk for individuals and groups traveling to endemic areas, and the bacteria can be imported to cholera-free countries by returning travellers. This systematic review of the literature describes the circumstances in which cholera infection can occur in travellers and considers the possible value of the cholera vaccine for p...
Article
Background: Travelers to international mass gatherings may be exposed to conditions which increase their risk of acquiring infectious diseases. Most existing data come from single clinical sites seeing returning travelers, or relate to single events. Methods: Investigators evaluated ill travelers returning from a mass gathering, and presenting t...
Article
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may be emerging among international travelers and migrants. Limited data exist on mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in travelers. We describe the epidemiology of travel-associated CL and MCL among international travelers and immigrants over a 20-year period through descriptive analysis of GeoSentinel data....
Article
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Background The number of US students studying abroad has more than tripled over the past 20 years. As study abroad programs diversify their destinations, more students are traveling to developing regions, increasing their risk of infectious diseases. Few data exist describing infections acquired by US students while traveling internationally. We de...
Article
Background: The number of US students studying abroad more than tripled during the past 20 years. As study abroad programs' destinations diversify, students increasingly travel to resource-limited countries, placing them at risk for infectious diseases. Data describing infections acquired by US students while traveling internationally are limited....
Article
Background: Diarrhea is one of the most common ailments afflicting travelers with attack rates of 30-40% for medium to high-risk destinations. As travelers' diarrhea (TD) is syndromic and caused by a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, parasites and viruses, multiplex deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...
Article
Background: Analysis of a large cohort of business travelers will help clinicians focus on frequent and serious illnesses. We aimed to describe travel-related health problems in business travelers. Methods: GeoSentinel Surveillance Network consists of 64 travel and tropical medicine clinics in 29 countries; descriptive analysis was performed on...
Article
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With the advent of high throughput multiplex DNA extraction PCR diagnostic modalities for the diagnosis of infectious diseases, particularly gastrointestinal enteric infections, the increased sensitivity and specificity of this modality has been hailed by most as an advance in our ability to make specific etiologic diagnoses in acute and chronic ga...
Article
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The epidemiology of Japanese Encephalitis and risk to the traveler has changed and continues to evolve. The spread of Japanese Encephalitis virus into new environments, changes in agricultural practice and animal vectors, climate change, peri-urban growth, changes in international travel to Asia, personal risk factors, mosquito vector free transmis...
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Background: There is increasing recognition of the contribution of community-acquired cases to the global burden of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). The epidemiology of CDI among international travellers is poorly understood, and factors associated with international travel, such as antibiotic use and changes in gut microbiota, could potenti...
Article
Background: Pertussis is a highly contagious, vaccine-preventable respiratory infection that is endemic worldwide. There are limited data regarding the occurrence of pertussis in travelers. The objective of this study is to identify travel-related pertussis cases reported to the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. Methods: This is a descriptive, r...
Article
BACKGROUND: : Travelers' diarrhea causes significant morbidity including some sequelae, lost travel time and opportunity cost to both travelers and countries receiving travelers. Effective prevention and treatment are needed to reduce these negative impacts. METHODS: : This critical appraisal of the literature and expert consensus guideline develop...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Due to increasingly exotic travel, displacement of migrant populations, and expanding vector ranges, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is emerging among international travelers and migrants, and limited data exist on mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in travelers. We describe the epidemiology of travel-associated CL and MCL among international travelers...
Article
Full-text available
Purpose of review Although travelers’ diarrhea is a self-limited illness in most persons, it can be associated with post-infectious sequelae, which can be prolonged and disabling. In some individuals, a bout of travelers’ diarrhea leads to persistent gastrointestinal symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, episodic abdominal pain and bloating, constipat...
Article
The fields of travel and international medicine are rapidly changing and growing. The role of occupational and travel health nurses is expanding and should be a focus for the future. At the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Annual meeting on March 24, 2015, in Boston, five presentations were included in the session, An Update on Tr...
Article
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Given the recent interest in the human gut microbiome in health and disease, we have undertaken a review of the role of the gut microbiome as it relates to travel. Considering the microbiome as the interface with the external world of the traveler, not only from the perspective of protection from enteric infection by colonization resistance but als...
Article
Acute diarrheal infections are a common health problem globally and among both individuals in the United States and traveling to developing world countries. Multiple modalities including antibiotic and non-antibiotic therapies have been used to address these common infections. Information on treatment, prevention, diagnostics, and the consequences...
Article
Japanese Encephalitis is an often fatal and vaccine preventable disease. New vaccine recommendations are needed due to changes in travel and disease patterns.
Article
Full-text available
Measles remains a risk for travelers, with 94 measles diagnoses reported to the GeoSentinel network from 2000 to 2014, two-thirds since 2010. Asia was the most common exposure region, then Africa and Europe. Efforts to reduce travel-associated measles should target all vaccine-eligible travelers, including catch-up vaccination of susceptible adults...
Article
In this edition of the Journal of Travel Medicine , DuPont and colleagues report the results of a well‐conducted phase 3 randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial evaluating a non‐absorbable antibiotic, Rifamycin SV, formulated with an enteric coating and a patented multimatrix (MMX®) technology that targets the delivery of the antibiotic to...
Article
Background: US residents make 60 million international trips annually. Family practice providers need to be aware of travel-associated diseases affecting this growing mobile population. Objective: To describe demographics, travel characteristics and clinical diagnoses of US residents who present ill after international travel. Methods: Descrip...
Article
In this edition of The Journal of Travel Medicine , Nair and colleagues report that a significant percentage of patients experience persistent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, specifically abdominal pain and change in bowel habits, following an episode of travelers' diarrhea (TD).1 What makes the Nair study unique is the pathogen‐specific survey ide...
Article
We thank Mutsch and colleagues for pointing out and summarizing a travelers' diarrhea (TD) study that we failed to include in our recent review.1 The omission was inadvertent and the authors are familiar with the study. While the rates of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI‐IBS) were lower in this prospec...
Article
Travelers' diarrhea (TD) has generally been considered a self-limited disorder which resolves more quickly with expeditious and appropriate antibiotic therapy given bacteria are the most frequently identified cause. However, epidemiological, clinical, and basic science evidence identifying a number of chronic health conditions related to these infe...
Article
As a rule, travelers' diarrhea is a self-limited bacterial infection that affects approximately 40 % of travelers to developing countries. Health-care professionals who see returning travelers have noted that some travelers afflicted with diarrhea do not recover completely but, instead, develop chronic diarrhea or a persistent change in gastrointes...
Article
Full-text available
To describe patient characteristics and disease spectrum among foreign visitors to Haiti before and after the 2010 earthquake, we used GeoSentinel Global Surveillance Network data and compared 1 year post-earthquake versus 3 years pre-earthquake. Post-earthquake travelers were younger, predominantly from the United States, more frequently internati...
Article
Dignitary Protection Medicine (DPM) is a new area of medical expertise that incorporates elements of virtually all medical and surgical specialties, drawing heavily from travel, tactical and expedition medicine. The fundamentals of DPM stem from the experiences of White House, State Department and other physicians who have traveled extensively with...
Article
Travel Medicine, 3rd Edition, by Dr. Jay S. Keystone, Dr. Phyllis E. Kozarsky, Dr. David O. Freedman, Dr. Hans D. Nothdruft, and Dr. Bradley A. Connor, prepares you and your patients for any travel-related illness they may encounter. Consult this one-stop resource for best practices on everything from immunizations and pre-travel advice to essentia...
Article
 International travel poses a risk of destination-specific illness and may contribute to the global spread of infectious diseases. Despite this, little is known about the health characteristics and pretravel healthcare of US international travelers, particularly those at higher risk of travel-associated illness.  We formed a national consortium (Gl...
Article
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is one cause of a poor response to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and persistent symptoms in celiac disease. Rifaximin has been reported to improve symptoms in non-controlled trials. To determine the effect of rifaximin on gastrointestinal symptoms and lactulose-hydrogen breath tests in patients with poorly re...
Article
Diarrhea and gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common complaints in returned travelers. Acute diarrhea is of lesser magnitude in the post-travel setting and might be caused either by bacterial pathogens or by protozoan parasites. Treatment is dictated by the pathogen recovered in stool, but empirical treatment according to clinical symptoms is...
Article
The second edition of this popular text features a team of international experts who discuss all aspects of travel medicinefrom immunizations and pre-travel advice for adults and childrento the latest information on cruise travel, bird flu, and SARSto the essentials of post-travel screening. It reflects current best practices and remains both the l...
Article
Burchard and colleagues 1recommend a new Japanese encephalitis vaccine (Ixiaro) for any individual with a travel itinerary that includes a rural area in Asia. They also present an array of medical indications for the vaccine applicable to urban travelers. Since no duration or season is specified, their recommendations effectively encompass the grea...
Article
Infectious gastrointestinal disease (IGD) is a significant cause of morbidity in returned international travellers. This study aims to elucidate host and travel characteristics associated with IGD presentation, and describe the broad spectrum of aetiological pathogens responsible by geographic region of acquisition and reason for travel. We analyze...
Article
Increased international business travel to moderate or high endemic areas of hepatitis A and B may leave many business travelers at risk for infection if not vaccinated. Many international business travelers depart for hepatitis A and B endemic areas within 2 months of the decision to travel. Many of these travelers do not seek pretravel medical ad...
Article
Data on relative rates of acquisition of gastrointestinal infections by travelers are incomplete. The objective of this study was to analyze infections associated with oral ingestion of pathogens in international travelers in relation to place of exposure. We performed a multicenter, retrospective observational analysis of 6,086 travelers ill enoug...
Article
Hepatitis A and B represent a significant threat to international travelers. Both diseases are preventable through vaccination, though fewer than half of at-risk visitors in endemic regions are protected. Current vaccination recommendations should be revised to ensure adequate immunity for all international travelers against hepatitis A and B, as b...
Book
The second edition of this popular text features a team of international experts who discuss all aspects of travel medicinefrom immunizations and pre-travel advice for adults and childrento the latest information on cruise travel, bird flu, and SARSto the essentials of post-travel screening. It reflects current best practices and remains both the l...
Article
Typhoid fever is endemic in many parts of the world. In the United States, nearly three quarters of all cases are contracted by persons who traveled to regions with endemic disease. Typhim Vi, a vaccine containing the purified cell surface Vi polysaccharide of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, was developed to provide protection against typhoi...
Article
Combined hepatitis A and B vaccine administered on an accelerated schedule provides a rapid immune response against both hepatitis A and B viruses, which might be especially relevant for individuals who need protection quickly. A prospective, open-label, randomized study to compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the combined hepatitis A a...

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