Bouillet Jean-Pierre

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• PhD
• Senior Researcher at French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development

In tropical humid Africa, sandy soils under periodically burnt herbaceous savannas exhibit generally low carbon (C) content and nitrogen (N) availability. Savanna afforestation may overcome these limitations through changes in soil functioning, yet these processes still need to be explored. In this study, we investigated whether changes in the comp...

Smallholder Eucalyptu s plantations (EP) in Madagascar Central Highlands (MCH) address substantial fuelwood demand and reduce pressure on natural forests. However, their sustainability is challenged by low soil fertility and inadequate management. While fertilization increases tree growth, high mineral fertilizer costs limit its use by smallholder...

À Madagascar, 28,5 % des ménages utilisent le charbon de bois pour cuisiner. Pour répondre à la demande, des méthodes locales de carbonisation traditionnelles et peu efficaces sont utilisées. Cette étude examine trois méthodes utilisant des matériaux forestiers locaux : i) MATI (Meule améliorée à Tirage Inversé), actuellement en phase d'extension ;...

While soil salinization is a major concern for agriculture worldwide, the application of sodium (Na) can stimulate growth in many plant species, due to its ability to replace potassium (K) in some physiological functions. We present an overview of the potential and risks associated with replacing KCl fertilizer with a mixture of KCl and NaCl in tro...

Background Soil animal communities include more than 40 higher-order taxa, representing over 23% of all described species. These animals have a wide range of feeding sources and contribute to several important soil functions and ecosystem services. Although many studies have assessed macroinvertebrate communities in Brazil, few of them have been pu...

FAO’s most recent global synthesis on planted forests was released in 2009 and the last Unasylva on planted forests was published in 2005. Developed together with a coalition of external partners, including the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) task force on planted forests and the TreeDivNet network, Issue 254 hereby res...

Soil animal communities include more than 40 higher-order taxa, representing over 23% of all described species. These animals have a wide range of feeding sources and contribute to several important soil functions and ecosystem services. Although many studies have assessed macroinvertebrate communities in Brazil, few of them have been published in...

Eucalyptus plantations are commonly fertilized at planting to sustain high biomass production over successive rotations in nutrient-poor soils. However, the dynamics of nutrient uptake by tree roots in the early stages of stand development, depending on the lateral distance from the trees and the depth in the soil, are poorly documented. We assesse...

We hypothesized that the nitrogen-fixing tree Acacia mangium could improve the growth and nitrogen nutrition of non-fixing tree species such as Eucalyptus. We measured the N-mineralization and respiration rates of soils sampled from plots covered with Acacia, Eucalyptus or native vegetation at two tropical sites (Itatinga in Brazil and Kissoko in t...

Eucalyptus is the tree most widely planted in tropical countries to satisfy growing demand for wood products, but high yields require high fertilizer inputs. Introducing N2-fixing trees (NFT), such as Acacia mangium, has been proposed to improve soil fertility and aboveground tree biomass in Eucalyptus plantations. In addition to N inputs, NFT spec...

We evaluated differential expression of genes in leaf and xylem tissues for three Eucalyptus clones in the field using Illumina sequencing, under four contrasting fertilization regimes: a control combining nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and three regimes with N, K, and P deficiency. The field results showed significantly better per...

Within agroforestry systems, trees greatly contribute to soil carbon (C) sequestration. We still know little about how this contribution varies according to tree species. Here, we quantified the soil C content derived from three main tree species, Eucalyptus robusta, Coffea arabica and Citrus clementina, used in rainfed rice-based agroforestry in t...

Le débat sur le rôle des plantations forestières sur la protection des forêts naturelles et de la biodiversité associée est ancien et a pu faire l'objet de nombreuses controverses (Aubréville 1953). Cet article se propose d'y apporter sa contribution en prenant l'exemple de Madagascar.

The savannas (called Cerrado) are the second-largest vegetation formation in Brazil after the Amazon rainforest, with about 2 million km². Roots have been found in very deep soil layers in Cerrado ecosystems, which suggests a crucial role of deep rooting in the supply of water and nutrients over dry periods. The aim of our study was to gain insight...

Fertilization is commonly used to increase growth in forest plantations, but it may also affect tree water relations and responses to drought. Here, we measured changes in biomass, transpiration, sapwood-to-leaf area ratio (As:Al) and sap flow driving force (ΔΨ) during the 6-year rotation of tropical plantations of Eucalyptus grandis under controll...

Aims Belowground interactions are still poorly understood in mixed-species forests. We investigated the effects of soil fertility on belowground processes in mixed planted forests. Methods The dynamics and traits of Eucalyptus and Acacia mangium fine roots (diameter < 2 mm) in plantations with 50% of each species were studied in a randomized bloc...

While a recent study showed that significant amounts of the nitrogen (N) requirements of young Eucalyptus trees can be provided by nitrogen-fixing trees (NFTs) in mixed-species plantations through short-term belowground N transfer, the consequences of soil fertility on this facilitation process remain unknown. We assessed the effect of fertilizatio...

Many studies have shown that introducing N2-fixing trees (e.g. Acacia mangium) in eucalypt plantations can increase soil N availability as a result of biological N2 fixation and faster N cycling. Some studies have also shown improved eucalypt P nutrition. However, the effects of N2-fixing trees on P cycling in tropical soils remain poorly understoo...

Climate change is expected to increase the frequency of droughts in most tropical regions in the coming decades. A passive phenomenon called hydraulic redistribution (HR) allows some plant species to take up water from deep and wet soil layers and redistribute it in the upper dry layers where other plants and soil biota can benefit from it. In addi...

Despite the strong ecological importance of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, their vertical distribution remains poorly understood. To our knowledge, ECM structures associated with trees have never been reported in depths below 2 meters. In this study, fine roots and ECM root tips were sampled down to 4-m depth during the digging of two independent pit...

Belowground niche complementarity between deep-rooted and shallow-rooted species in mixed forests may result in a more complete exploitation of soil resources than in monocultures. Our study aimed to assess 1) the maximum distance (horizontally and vertically) where the fine roots from common Cerrado species take up mobile nutrients in deep Ferrals...

Mixing N-fixing trees with eucalypts is an attractive option to improve the long-term soil N status in fast-growing plantations established in tropical soils. A randomized block design was replicated at four sites in Brazil to compare the biogeochemical cycles in mono-specific stands of Eucalyptus (100E) and Acacia mangium (100A) with mixed-species...

Functional specialization of fine roots was found for Eucalyptus grandis trees at harvesting age (6 years) on tropical soils. Aiming to elucidate whether functional specialization is a ubiquitous feature of eucalypts, we focused on its changes with ontogeny, tree nutrient status and soil depth. We studied the potential uptake of N, K and Ca by 2-ye...

Mixed plantations of Eucalyptus and N 2-fixing trees are ecologically beneficial because they stimulate organic matter cycling and increase carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools in the soil. However, the microbial mechanisms that contribute to the improvement of C and N dynamics remain poorly understood in managed forest ecosystems. Here, we evaluated...

This study investigates how *Eucalyptus urograndis* fine roots uptake mobile nutrients in deep Ferralsols during the dry season, considering tree age and social status. Using **¹⁵N-NO₃⁻** injections at varying depths (0.1 to 15 m) in commercial plantations, the research found that dominant trees absorbed nitrates from deeper soil layers (up to 6 m)...

Extreme climatic events and depletion of phosphorus and potassium reserves threaten the productivity and survival of crops and planted forests. Deep root exploration is crucial for adaptation, as studies in Brazil show Eucalyptus roots reaching up to 17 m. Various methods, including isotopic tracers and modeling, revealed that low-density deep fine...

Background and aimsFine-root functioning is a major driver of plant growth and strongly influences the global carbon cycle. While fine-root over-yielding has been shown in the upper soil layers of mixed-species forests relative to monospecific stands, the consequences of tree diversity on fine-root growth in very deep soil layers is still unknown....

Key message: Inter-specific interactions with eucalypts in mixed plantations increased N2fixation rate of acacia trees compared to monocultures. N2fixation was higher during the wet summer than during the dry winter both in acacia monocultures and in mixed plantations. Context: Introducing N-fixing trees in fast-growing tropical plantations may con...

Although large amounts of potassium (K) are applied in tropical crops and planted forests, little is known about the interaction between K nutrition and water supply regimes on water resources in tropical regions. This interaction is a major issue because climate change is expected to increase the length of drought periods in many tropical regions...

Average wood density of 38-year-old Cariniana legalis (Mart.) Kuntze, a Brazilian native forest species, was found to increase with faster growth and lower stocking, while decreasing from pith to bark. A complete randomised block design was planted with five blocks. Ten trees were harvested in each of three spacing treatments. We hypothesised that...

Background and aims While the role of deep roots in major ecosystem services has been shown for tropical forests, there have been few direct measurements of fine root dynamics at depths of more than 2 m. The factors influencing root phenology remain poorly understood, creating a gap in the knowledge required for predicting the effects of climate ch...

Our knowledge of the rhizosphere bacterial communities in deep soils and the role of Eucalyptus and Acacia on the structure of these communities remains very limited. In this study, we targeted the bacterial community along a depth profile (0 to 800 cm) and compared community structure in monospecific or mixed plantations of Acacia mangium and Euca...

Chemical and physical properties of soil at various depths and in the different plantation systems. (DOCX)

Average abundance (n = 3) of bacterial phyla across treatments. 100A (A. mangium in a monospecific plantation system); A(A+E) (mixed plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Acacia base; 100E (E. grandis in a monospecific plantation system); and E(A+E) (plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Eucalyptus ba...

Average abundance (n = 3) of bacterial phyla in the soil layer. 100A (A. mangium in a monospecific plantation system); A(A+E) (mixed plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Acacia base; 100E (E. grandis in a monospecific plantation system); and E(A+E) (plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Eucalyptus ba...

Relative abundance (n = 3) of bacterial classes across treatments. 100A (A. mangium in a monospecific plantation system); A(A+E) (mixed plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Acacia base); 100E (E. grandis in a monospecific plantation system); and E(A+E) (plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Eucalyptu...

Average abundance (n = 3) of bacterial classes across treatments. 100A (A. mangium in a monospecific plantation system); A(A+E) (mixed plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Acacia base; 100E (E. grandis in a monospecific plantation system); and E(A+E) (plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Eucalyptus...

Average abundance (n = 3) of bacterial classes in the soil layer. 100A (A. mangium in a monospecific plantation system); A(A+E) (mixed plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Acacia base; 100E (E. grandis in a monospecific plantation system); and E(A+E) (plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Eucalyptus...

Relative abundance (n = 3) of bacterial phyla across treatments. 100A (A. mangium in a monospecific plantation system); A(A+E) (mixed plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Acacia base); 100E (E. grandis in a monospecific plantation system); and E(A+E) (plantation of A. mangium and E. grandis, with sampling at the Eucalyptus...

Background and aimsComparing root functioning under contrasting rainfall regimes can help assessing the capacity of plant species to cope with more intense and frequent drought predicted under climate change context. While the awareness of the need to study the whole root system is growing, most of the studies of root functioning through rhizospher...

Climate models predict that the frequency, intensity and duration of drought events will increase in tropical regions. Although water withdrawal from deep soil layers is generally considered to be an efficient adaptation to drought, there is little information on the role played by deep roots in tropical forests. Tropical Eucalyptus plantations man...

The introduction of N2-fixing tree species in fast growing tree plantations is a sustainable management option aiming to reduce the risk of nitrogen (N) deficiency due to a large and frequent exportation of nutrients at harvest. Differences in soil mineral N preferences between Eucalyptus urophylla×grandis and Acacia mangium may, in addition to fac...

Sustainable wood production requires appropriate management of commercial forest plantations. Establishment of industrial eucalypt plantations on poor sandy soils leads to a high loss of nutrients including nitrogen (N) after wood harvesting. An ecological intensification of eucalypt plantations was tested with the replacement of half of the Eucaly...

Supplementary information from doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.12727

The invasive potential of a species is related to the interaction between genetic and environmental characteristics, as climatic conditions and native vegetation, reflecting the species adaptation to local conditions. An ecologically-adapted alien species can alter diversity and structure of forest ecosystems. This study assessed the invasiveness p...

Tropical tree plantations are rapidly expanding to meet the growing demand for wood and nonwood forest products. Current research—combining ecophysiology, genetics and functional genomics—aims to enhance the climate change mitigation role of these plantations and their adaptation. The positive effect of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide co...

Tropical tree plantations are rapidly expanding to meet the growing demand for wood and nonwood forest products. Current research-combining ecophysiology, genetics and functional genomics-aims to enhance the climate change mitigation role of these plantations and their adaptation. The positive effect of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide co...

Potassium (K) is an important limiting factor of tree growth, but little is known of the effects of K supply on the long-distance transport of photosynthetic carbon (C) in the phloem and of the interaction between K fertilization and drought. We pulse-labelled 2-year-old Eucalyptus grandis L. trees grown in a field trial combining K fertilization (...

Unlike Eucalyptus monocultures, nitrogen fixing trees are likely to improve the soil nutrient status through the decomposition of N-enriched litter. The Home Field Advantage (HFA) hypothesis states that plants can create conditions that increase the decomposition rates of their own litter. However, there may not be any HFA when most of the decompos...

Cette communication expose des méthodes, basées sur la modélisation, pour estimer les stocks de carbone dans l'écosystème et les produits forestiers, et la façon dont ces stocks répondent à quelques variations de sylviculture. Une application à la distinction entre forêts anciennes et récentes est proposée.

Les plantations d'arbres tropicaux sont en expansion rapide pour satisfaire la demande croissante en bois et produits non ligneux. Les recherches actuelles visent à améliorer le rôle d'atténuation du changement climatique de ces plantations ainsi que leur adaptation, en associant écophysiologie, génétique et génomique fonctionnelle. L'effet positif...

Many field observations suggest that ECM contribute to a number of key ecosystem functions such as carbon cycling, nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter and soil minerals, providing a link between trees through common mycorrhizal networks. In Brazil, the ECM form symbiotic associations with species of great economic importance, belonging t...

Global climate change is expected to increase the length of drought periods in many tropical regions. Although large amounts of potassium (K) are applied in tropical crops and planted forests, little is known about the interaction between K nutrition and water deficit on the physiological mechanisms governing plant growth. A process-based model (MA...

Background and aims The introduction of Acacia mangium in Eucalyptus urophylla x grandis stands improves wood production on poor sandy soils of coastal plains of the Congo. We assessed the impact of A. mangium plantations in pure stands and in mixture with eucalypt trees on the physico-chemical properties of the soil after one rotation. Methods Bu...

A basic understanding of nutrition effects on the mechanisms involved in tree response to drought is essential under a future drier climate. A large‐scale throughfall exclusion experiment was set up in Brazil to gain an insight into the effects of potassium ( K ) and sodium ( N a) nutrition on tree structural and physiological adjustments to water...

Dès son introduction à Madagascar, Eucalyp- tus robusta a été retenu comme espèce de reboisement pour sa remarquable capacité d'adaptation. L’extension de sa plantation par les populations rurales a abouti à la créa- tion d’un massif de près de 140 000 hectares autour d’Antananarivo. Son bois est devenu la principale source d’énergie utilisée par l...

Since it was introduced in Madagascar, Eucalyptus robusta has been considered as a suitable species for reforestation thanks to its outstanding ecological adaptability. With further plantings in rural communities, the species now covers some 140 000 hectares around Antananarivo. Its timber has become the main source of fuel for urban and rural hous...

Background and Aims Recent studies showed a positive tree response to Na addition in K-depleted tropical soils. Our study aimed to gain insight into the effects of K and Na fertilizations on leaf area components for a widely planted tree species. Methods Leaf expansion rates, as well as nutrient, polyol and soluble sugar concentrations, were measu...

The association of N2-fixing species (NFS) could be an attractive option for achieving a sustainable increase of Eucalyptus plantations (EP) productivity through a positive balance between facilitative effects and competition between species. A randomised block design was replicated at four sites (Cenibra, USP, Suzano and IP) in Southern Brazil and...

Nutrient remobilizations in tree ligneous components have been little studied in tropical forests. A complete randomized block design was installed in Brazilian eucalypt plantations to quantify the remobilizations of phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na) within stem wood. Three treatments were studied: control...

Although highly weathered soils cover considerable areas in tropical regions, little is known about exploration by roots in deep soil layers. Intensively managed Eucalyptus plantations are simple forest ecosystems that can provide an insight into the belowground growth strategy of fast-growing tropical trees. Fast exploration of deep soil layers by...

Although vast areas in tropical regions have weathered soils with low potassium (K) levels, little is known about the effects of K supply on the photosynthetic physiology of trees. This study assessed the effects of K and sodium (Na) supply on the diffusional and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis in Eucalyptus grandis leaves. A field experi...

The present study was carried out in Quercus ilex forest of the Middle Moroccan Central Atlas (Tafachna and Reggada). It aims at the determination of the organic carbon stock in the various layers of the soils, the litter and the various components of the tree (wood of the trunk, bark, branches, smal branches and leaves). It comes out from this stu...

a b s t r a c t The introduction of nitrogen fixing species (NFS) in fast-growing tree plantations is an alternative option to reduce fertilizer inputs. However, the success of mixed-species plantations depends on the balance between positive interactions among species (resulting from facilitation and/or complementarity) and the negative effects of...

Understanding the light absorption and light use efficiency of each species at the tree scale is essential to disentangle the effects of intra- and inter-species interactions on productivity in mixed-species forest plantations. A complete randomized block design was set up using Eucalyptus grandis (E) and Acacia mangium (A), which is a N2-fixing sp...

The consequences of diversity on belowground processes are still poorly known in tropical forests. The distributions of very fine roots (diameter <1 mm) and fine roots (diameter <3 mm) were studied in a randomized block design close to the harvest age of fast-growing plantations. A replacement series was set up in Brazil with mono-specific Eucalypt...

Land use changes such as savannah afforestation with eucalypts impact the soil carbon (C) balance, therefore affecting soil CO2 efflux (F s ), a major flux in the global C cycle. We tested the hypothesis that F s increases with stand age after afforestation, due to an increasing input of fresh organic matter to the forest floor. In a Eucalyptus pla...

Soil microorganisms and microbial processes are influenced by the quality and quantity of plant waste entering the soil, by its seasonal and spatial distribution, by the ratio of above- to below-ground inputs, and by changes in nutrient inputs. Soil management strategies sometimes promote mixed-species plantations to mitigate the loss of soil nutri...

Introducing nitrogen-fixing tree species in fast-growing eucalypt plantations has the potential to improve soil nitrogen availability compared with eucalypt monocultures. Whether or not the changes in soil nutrient status and stand structure will lead to mixtures that out-yield monocultures depends on the balance between positive interactions and t...

The objectives of this study were: (i) to test whether near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to assess site fertility in sandy and ferralitic soils of the Congo; (ii) to evaluate the comparative advantages of this methodology with respect to classical regressions with chemical and physical analysis of soils; and (iii) to assess...

The Carajás steel industry sector in the Brazilian Amazon has aroused protest on environmental grounds because of its heavy reliance on charcoal. The charcoal is mainly produced from natural forest biomass, with direct and indirect impacts on deforestation and forest ecosystem degradation. Establishing eucalyptus plantations for fuel on degraded pa...

Understanding the underlying mechanisms that account for the impact of potassium (K) fertilization and its replacement by sodium (Na) on tree growth is key to improving the management of forest plantations that are expanding over weathered tropical soils with low amounts of exchangeable bases. A complete randomized block design was planted with Euc...

Summary1. Little is known about the role of deep roots in the nutrition of forest trees and their ability to provide a safety‐net service taking up nutrients leached from the topsoil.2. To address this issue, we studied the potential uptake of N, K and Ca by Eucalyptus grandis trees (6 years of age – 25 m mean height), in Brazil, as a function of s...

1. Little is known about the role of deep roots in the nutrition of forest trees and their ability to provide a safety-net service taking up nutrients leached from the topsoil. 2. To address this issue, we studied the potential uptake of N, K and Ca by Eucalyptus grandis trees (6 years of age – 25 m mean height), in Brazil, as a function of soil de...