Borros Arneth

University of Giessen | JLU

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation and autoimmune responses. This review explores the participation of T cells, particularly certain CD3+CD20+ T cells, in the clinical manifestations of MS and highlights their presence in diagnosed patients. These T cells show aberrant expression o...

The Hafele‐Keating experiment showed the occurrence of time dilation in clocks placed on two airplanes, one moving eastward and one moving westward relative to the Earth’s rotation. However, the application of the special theory of relativity failed to account for the significant differences in the data. This problem is solved by a novel approach t...

Introduction: Insulin resistance is a common condition affecting thousands of people worldwide. This paper aims to examine the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance among people suffering from obesity. Methods and Design: This study entailed identifying articles related to insulin resistance and obesity. The publications were obtained using diff...

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) describes how mass is created at the quark level. This mechanism is special because the binding of quarks does not result in a mass loss or a release of energy, as in the case of the nuclear mass defect. Rather, mass is created by the binding of quarks. To achieve this binding, energy must be expended. At the same time,...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) through inflammation. MS symptoms become acute if the disease progresses to the relapsing phase. Aim: This review aimed to evaluate the role played by regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathogenesis of MS. Methods: This review used scholarly j...

Specific critical functions of endocrine and immune cells ensure that an individual remains healthy and free from infection. This study aimed to explore immune–endocrine associations involved in disease. Methods: The PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant articles using the following search terms and phras...

Introduction: The Krebs cycle is an important set of reactions that synthesize different molecules and substances that affect various organs. The objective of this paper was to compare the effects of Krebs cycle intermediates on the endocrine system and the immune system. Methods and Materials: The articles used in this paper were obtained from a s...

Background: The positive implications of using free light chains in diagnosing multiple sclerosis have increasingly gained considerable interest in medical research and the scientific community. It is often presumed that free light chains, particularly kappa and lambda free light chains, are of practical use and are associated with a higher probabi...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system; the cause of this condition remains unknown. Researchers have analyzed different biomarkers related to MS. Here, experimental laboratory biomarkers for MS are identified and analyzed. Methods: The current study examined articles investigating biom...

Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by neurologic dysfunction. The symptoms worsen as the disease progresses to the relapsing stage. Aim This study aimed to examine the role of T cells in MS pathogenesis. Materials and methods The review was performed based on articles obtained from PsycINFO, PubMed,...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS). The diagnosis of the disease is quite challenging due to its variation among patients. As a result, the need to enhance diagnostic procedures, evaluate objective prognostic markers and promote effective monitoring of patients’ responses to treatment has...

Clinical Trial Registration Information URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT04353583.

Significant advances have been observed in the field of cell biology, with numerous studies exploring the molecular genetic pathways that have contributed to species evolution and disease development. The current study adds to the existing body of research evidence by reviewing information related to the role of leftover viruses and/or viral remnan...

Bariatric surgery has emerged as an effective treatment option in morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, worsening or new onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis have been observed. Caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18) has been established as a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis, a key event in...

Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been implicated in host immune responses. Attempts have been made to examine how NETs affect the pathogenesis of complications such as autoimmune and vascular disorders. Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between NETs and vasculitis. Material and Methods: The current study entail...

Various autoimmune diseases are associated with defects in protein degradation and NETosis. This review aims to examine defects in ubiquitination and NETosis and their associations with human disease. This study involved a systematic search of electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, and LILACS, to locate articles on the relationship between...

The innate immune system acts rapidly in an identical and nonspecific way every time the body is exposed to pathogens. As such, it cannot build and maintain immunological memory to help prevent reinfection. Researchers contend that trained immunity is influenced by intracellular metabolic pathways and epigenetic remodeling. The purpose of this revi...

The mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetes is complex and poorly understood. Recent investigations have revealed that insulin gene mutations can lead to the development of specific subtypes of diabetes. This systematic review aimed to explore the associations of insulin gene mutations and insulin translocation defects with diabetes. This...

Background: Incompatibilities between the mother and unborn baby can cause complications that must be identified early to initiate the appropriate treatment. For example, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN), and morbus hemolyticus neonatorum affect children worldwide. Aim: This literature review aims...

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, severe neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Nevertheless, the actual cause of MS remains unknown. Smoking has been studied with respect to MS development and progression. The objectives of this review were to examine the relationship between smoking and MS and to understand the possibl...

Background: Inflammation increases diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) progression and severity. T2DM patients are at high risk of the rapid development of chronic periodontitis (CP). Topical presence, high numbers, and bactericidal effects of immune cells are challenged by augmented antigen-induced inflammation, which promotes both diseases. Objecti...

Background and objectives: The tumor microenvironment has been widely implicated in tumorigenesis because it harbors tumor cells that interact with surrounding cells through the circulatory and lymphatic systems to influence the development and progression of cancer. In addition, nonmalignant cells in the tumor microenvironment play critical roles...

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by the production of autoantibodies specific for components of the cell nucleus and that causes damage to body tissues and organs. The pathogenesis of SLE remains unclear, with numerous studies pointing to a combination of genetic and environmenta...

Introduction: Multiple well-recognized conditions, such as Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) and myasthenia gravis (MG), have been associated with neuronal antibodies. Materials and methods: A search was performed using Embase, PubMed, and CINAHL. An initial search of each database was conducted using keywords and terms related to the aim...

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system and compromises the health and well-being of millions of people worldwide. B cells have been linked to MS and its progression. This review aimed to determine the role of B cells in MS development. Methods: Articles used in this review w...

We determined the prevalence of autoantibodies against an extended number of established and novel neural antigens in children and adolescents with suspected autoimmune encephalitis, epilepsy, single seizures, or marked epileptiform activity in electroencephalography (EEG). Prospectively, 103 patients were recruited aged between 0 and 18 years and...

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are chronic diseases that affect nearly 425 million people worldwide, leading to poor health outcomes and high health care costs. High-throughput metabolomics screening can provide vital insight into the pathophysiological pathways of DM and help in managing its effects. The primary aim of this study was to...

Background Closure or amputation of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is a common therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF). As the LAA is a hormone-producing organ, however, amputation is still somewhat controversial. We examined patients after surgical AF therapy with or without LAA amputation to determine the influence of LAA amputation on pro-atrial n...

Background Prediction, early diagnosis, and therapy of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) are challenging. We prospectively tested a staged approach to identify patients at high risk for CSA-AKI combining clinical risk stratification and early postoperative quantification of urinary biomarkers for AKI. Methods All patients, ex...

Background Higher organisms rely on the coagulation and immune systems to fight disease-causing pathogens and other foreign invaders in the body. Coagulation has an important role as a barrier against foreign bodies, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. The protective responses associated with the coagulation and immune systems can protect th...

Background: Although existing studies show that reactivation of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERVs) plays a leading role in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression, the practitioners are yet to establish effective approaches for managing MS without jeopardizing the patients' immune systems. Aim: To provide up-to-date knowledge on the specific ro...

Background The gut–brain axis facilitates a critical bidirectional link and communication between the brain and the gut. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of interactions in the gut–brain axis, with a particular focus on intestinal functions, the nervous system and the brain. Furthermore, researchers have examined the effects of the...

Hematopoietic stem cells require MLL1, which is one of six Set1/Trithorax-type histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methyltransferases in mammals and clinically the most important leukemia gene. Here we add to emerging evidence that all six H3K4 methyltransferases play essential roles in the hematopoietic system by showing that conditional mutagenesis of Setd...

Numerical data used to generate Figure 8E (LSK BM competitive TX).

Numerical data used to generate Figure 4B,C and D (HSPCs BM RC).

Numerical data used to generate Figure 6G (HSPCs BM VC).

Data used to generate Figure 9B (DEGs > 2-fold).

Data used to generate Figure 9C (downregulated DEGs).

FACS antibodies and staining panels. (A) All antibodies and staining panels used for flow cytometry are depicted. (B) All antibodies and staining panels used for flow cytometry in transplanted mice are depicted.

Data used to generate Figure 9C (upregulated DEGs).

Primers. (A) All primers used for genotyping are depicted. (B) All primers used for qRT-PCR are depicted. (se = sense, as = antisense, bp = base pairs)

Increasing evidence has shown that Darwin's theory of evolution provides vital insights into the emergence and etiology of different types of cancer. On a microscopic scale, cancer stem cells meet the conditions for the Darwinian process of natural selection. In particular, cancer stem cells undergo cell reproduction characterized by the emergence...

Background: This systematic review aimed to gather evidence from research on the current state of liquid biopsy in medical practice, specifically focusing on mutation detection and monitoring. Methods: A systematic search was performed via Medline. Results: The results of this investigation indicate that liquid biopsy plays a critical role in...

Background: The high mortality rate of patients suffering from severe trauma is based not only on the mechanism of injury, but also on the higher risk for development of subsequent infections. Therefore, the early recognition of infection after severe trauma is of particular importance for patient outcome. However, early diagnosis is often masked...

This study assessed in detail the influence of four different human proteins on the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and on the formation of regulatory T cells. Human whole-blood samples were incubated with four different human proteins. The effects of these proteins on the downstream immune-system response, on the expression of extracellu...

Negative (background) controls and Concanavalin A controls Samples incubated without anything (negative controls, background controls) and samples incubated with Concanavalin A (positive controls).

Background: The origin of autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes is still unknown. Aim: This study assessed the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes by human insulin and human glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy volunteers. Materials and methods: The expression of CD69, a marker o...

The psychiatric and neurological aspects of health may present methodological challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. This is especially true for patients whose symptoms indicate the coexistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and schizophrenia (SCZ). These cases raise critical questions regarding the relationship between the mind and the...

A clinical case is presented here of a patient from Afganistan. We found intraerythrocytic parasites consistent with malaria vivax. Additionally extraerythrocytic structures were seen. First a co-infection with Borrelia recurrentis was discussed later these structures were identified as male plasmodia microgametes resulting from exflagellation.

Background: T helper cells can differentiate into several subsets of T lymphocytes, including Th1, Th2, and regulatory T (Treg) cells. As a result of this ability to differentiate, the corresponding T cell receptor (TCR) spectra display considerable cellular plasticity and interchangeability. In contrast, T lymphocyte differentiation and separatio...

Newborn screening is performed using modern tandem mass spectrometry, which can simultaneously detect a variety of analytes, including several amino acids and fatty acids. Tandem mass spectrometry measures the diagnostic parameters as absolute concentrations and produces fragments which are used as markers of specific substances. Several prominent...

The goal of this study was to trace the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) by evaluating the lymphocyte subpopulation counts and the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation using flow cytometry. Samples obtained from healthy subjects (N = 40) and patients with MS (N = 290) were analyzed. Lymphocytes were labeled for the surface markers CD4+, CD8+,...

It may be that Millikan's classic oil drop experiment is not driven by the force of gravity, which acts in opposition to the electric force, but that it is rather the mass-charge force that pulls the charged droplets of oil down to earth. Accordingly, the force of gravity would have only an extremely small effect in opposition to the electric force...

Background: For many years, relative values based on 100 quantified cells have been used to assess blood counts in the field of hematology. However, modern blood counting machines have recently made it possible to determine absolute counts. Thus, the current study assessed whether the determination of relative values, based on 100 cells counted, or...

Multiple sclerosis is the most common autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system. In this study, whole blood samples were analyzed for activation capacity and the activatability of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes by human total myelin basic protein (MBP), human MBP 104–118 fragment, and guinea pig MBP 68–82 fragment. Whole blood samples f...

As everyone knows, Braun's cathode ray tubes (e.g., “old TVs”) work and free electrons at low velocity are not rejected into sky. This simple observation is not self-evident at all because the electron is an absolutely highly negatively charged (q = 1e) particle and possesses only a small amount of mass (m = me). In terms of these data and regardin...

Serum uric acid (SUA) has been discussed to be related to cardiovascular (CV) disease and outcome. We investigated whether levels of SUA predict long-term mortality in neurologically asymptomatic patients with carotid atherosclerotic disease. We prospectively studied 959 consecutive patients with carotid atherosclerosis as evaluated by duplex Doppl...

Background Modern hematological analyzers offer a series of new tests in addition to the differential blood cell count. Here, we provide a short overview of the technique and the new tests included in the hematological analyzers manufactured by the company Sysmex (Kobe, Japan). As introduced here, the resulting new extended blood cell count allows...

Autoimmune diseases are known to be associated with autoantibodies against intracellular structures. Here, we describe the hypothesis that these diseases could develop as a result of the extensive production and release of intracellular substances into the serum. Autoimmune diseases may also develop as a result of defective elimination of multiple...

Although autoimmune diseases and allergies have recently been associated with each other, the results of the few studies that are available are contradictory. While some of these studies suggest that there is no evidence to assume a connection between autoimmune diseases and allergies, other studies, including some recent animal studies, suggest a...

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) is a protein hormone induced by bacterial inflammation that serves as a marker of sepsis. C-reactive protein (CRP) is also known to be a marker of inflammation and, in low concentrations, a prognostic marker for latent or early arteriosclerosis. Arteriosclerosis is considered as an inflammatory process that begins in...