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Publications (182)
Climate change in Russia contributes to an increase in the number of forest fires, especially in Siberia and the Far East, leading to the rise in the forest fire danger index. Increased air pollution, which is typical for a number of cities in these regions, is the reason for changes in population health due to the influx of significant volumes of...
The article presents a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of air pollution in Norilsk with emissions from the largest metallurgical enterprise MMC Norilsk Nickel. In the city, for many years, elevated concentrations of sulfur dioxide, suspended particles, nickel, copper, benzo(a) pyrene and other substances have been recorded. Their impact has...
Актуальность: Негативное влияние изменений климата на здоровье населения с каждым годом становится масштабнее, затрагивая многие страны, что способно привести качество и охват медицинской помощью как минимум на уровень 50-летней давности, если не проводить корректирующих мероприятий. Необходимо развивать исследования в России и активизировать изуче...
Climate change and the accompanying social risks have already become one of the main problems of the world community. An increase in the frequency and duration of natural disasters (floods, typhoons, mudflows, etc.) lead to significant loss of life. Heat waves have caused excess mortality among the urban population, especially among Russian megacit...
Climate warming is occurring most rapidly in the Arctic, which is both a sentinel and a driver of further global change. Ecosystems and human societies are already affected by warming. Permafrost thaws and species are on the move, bringing pathogens and vectors to virgin areas. During a five-year project, the CLINF – a Nordic Center of Excellence,...
Suspended substances in the air form clusters with coronavirus particles and spread up to 10 m from the source of infection. The importance of taking air pollution into account when simulating the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is due to the similarity in the health impacts made by the coronavirus and the respirable fraction of suspended solids. I...
Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in p...
Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in p...
The authors have evaluated dynamics in indicators of standardized mortality and life expectancy in the industrial cities of the Arctic macroregion. Those cities are characterized by a higher mortality rate including mortality from external causes compared to the Russian indicators. The highest mortality from lung cancer is registered in the city of...
The magnitude of climate change in Arctic is greater than in other regions. Climate projections confirmed the ongoing warming in the circumpolar areas. The study goal was to estimate the fraction of mortality attributable to the exposition to non-optimal ambient temperatures during the 21 st Century under the selected IPCC Representative Concentrat...
Our research goal was to assess expected efficiency of «Pure air» Federal project with its activities aimed at reducing ambient air contamination and population health risks.
We revealed that finding solutions to the project tasks on emissions reduction that had been set without taking into account peculiarities of city design, development, landsca...
Our research goal was to examine a response in mortality among population in Arkhangelsk caused by exposure to high and low temperatures. We determined the best available mortality predictor out of air temperature and Universal Thermal Climate Index that characterizes how people feel temperature and detected threshold temperatures depending on sex,...
Background:
Childhood exposure to organochlorines has been associated with alterations in somatic growth. We evaluated the associations of peri-pubertal serum levels of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) and nondioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs), with adolescent growth, body composition, and near adult height (NAH) in a longitudinal cohort...
Сохранение и укрепление здоровья населения обозначены как приоритеты развития в Государственной программе «Социально-экономическое развитие Арктической зоны Российской Федерации на период до 2020 года». В статье анализируются тренды ожидаемой продолжительности жизни, смертности от основных причин смерти и младенческой смертности в одном из наиболее...
Local trends in meteorological indicators in the northwestern cities (St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, and Murmansk) were analyzed. Over the last two decades, the trends have demonstrated a nearly 0.9°С per decade increase in St. Petersburg and Murmansk and a more than 1.5°С per decade increase in Arkhangelsk. The health effects of cold waves on mortal...
The northern part of the Republic of Daghestan is characterized by high levels of arsenic in artesian drinking water due to peculiarities of the chemical composition of the water-bearing plateaus. The concentrations of arsenic in water samples ranged from 0.01mg/l to 0.5 mg/l. According to current guidelines for arsenic of 0.01mg/l, the excess in t...
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of mortality trends in two Russian capitals and two cities with population over one million, Krasnoyarsk and Rostov-on-Don, in comparison with foreign megacities (Berlin, Hong Kong, London, Los Angeles, New York, Paris, Singapore, Tokyo). From 1990 to 2015, in the Russian “model cities” the...
The authors studied the relative predictive powers of several bioclimatic indices as predictors of population mortality during heat waves. Daily mean and maximum values of air temperature, Humidex, apparent, and physiological equivalent temperatures (PETs) were examined. The numbers of daily deaths and daily meteorological data in Rostov-on-Don (so...
The article studies priority indicators of the life quality of metropolises, which account for a large part of Russia’s population, including urban environment indicators such as ambient air quality, level of noise pollution, temperature waves, population density, and the urban greening rate. Based on studies in Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, and Rostov-on-D...
The paper dwells on techniques applied for assessing impacts exerted by environmental factors on population health which have become conventional all over the world over recent years. The greatest attention is paid to up-to-date approaches to calculating risks of additional mortality which occurs in big population groups during cold and hot tempera...
The impacts of increasing year-round temperatures on mortality from all non-accidental, all cardiovascular, and all non-cardiovascular causes were examined in the city of Akchangelsk in Russian North, where the climate change signal is expected to be stronger than the global average. Projections of future daily temperatures were made for IPCC B2, A...
The assessment of the role of environmental factors in providing human health is very important. However, the obtaining of such assessments in practice is associated with considerable difficulties. Certain information on the environmental auspiciousness for the health of living beings can be obtained by using the health of environment methodology a...
Climate change leads to an increase in the frequency of temperature waves. To assess the impacts of temperature waves on cause-specific mortality rates, this study characterized the frequency and duration of heat waves and cold spells in the cities of Murmansk, Archangelsk, and Yakutsk in the period of 1999 – 2016. The relationships between mortali...
This article presents the results of analysis of mortality dynamics among population of 9 territories of Arctic and Subarctic regions, using linear regression technique. All-cause mortality reduction was significantly greater in the 4 territories of the country. These 4 regions were: Murmansk region and Komi Republic (for females), Archangelsk regi...
Background:
Childhood blood lead levels (BLL) have been associated with growth impairment.
Objectives:
We assessed associations of peripubertal BLL with adolescent growth and near adult height in a longitudinal cohort of Russian boys.
Methods:
481 boys were enrolled at ages 8-9years and followed annually to age 18. At enrollment, BLL was measu...
Background: The causes of the recent rise of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) incidence in Europe are discussed. Our objective was to estimate the impact of air temperature change on TBE incidence in the European part of the Russian Arctic.
Methods: We analysed the TBE incidence in the Komi Republic (RK) over a 42-year period in relation to changes in...
Organochlorine chemicals and lead are environmental exposures that have endocrine disrupting properties (EDCs) which interfere with many aspects of hormone action. Childhood and adolescence are windows of susceptibility for adverse health effects of EDCs. Our ongoing study, the Russian Children’s Study (RCS), is one of the few longitudinal studies...
The paper discusses major economic risks for public health, including average income and income differentiation, living conditions, and public healthcare availability in the northern regions of the Russian Federation compared to the nationwide average.
Heat waves have become an important health risk factor in megalopolises. Threshold temperatures for heat wave identification have been analyzed and heat wave impacts on the mortality rate in cities of different climatic zones have been compared. Relative increases in the mortality rate per each increase in the temperature by 10С in daily mean tempe...
The northern part of the Republic of Daghestan is characterized by high levels of arsenic in artesian drinking water due to peculiarities of the chemical composition of the water-bearing plateaus. The concentrations of arsenic in water samples ranged from 0.01mg/l to 0.5 mg/l. According to current guidelines for arsenic of 0.01mg/l, the excess in t...
A rapidly growing number of megalopolises in the world leads to some substantial problems to environmental conditions of their population. One of these problems is the intensification of motor traffic, which contributes to air pollution measured as average concentrations of several air pollutants and climate change in the form of more frequent heat...
Background:
Exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals during critical phases of testicular development may be related to poorer semen parameters. However, few studies have assessed the association between childhood organochlorine (OC) exposure and adult semen parameters.
Objective:
We examined whether peripubertal serum OC concentrations are a...
The presented paper of the Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences analyzes key macroeconomic and financial measures of contemporary Russian anticrisis policy, substantiates the main directions of growth recovery in the basic sectors of the economy and social sphere in the medium and long term, and considers the feature...
Background:
Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxin-like and nondioxin-like, have been linked to alterations in puberty.
Objectives:
We examined the association of peripubertal serum levels of these compounds (and their toxic equivalents (TEQs)) with pubertal onset and maturity among Russian boys enrolled at ages 8-9 years...
Russian North experiences greater warming trends than other regions of the country. Absence of large cities in this region makes direct epidemiological studies difficult, and new methods are being developed. This study proposes a framework for a meta-analysis of health impacts of heat waves and cold spells, using four selected cities with populatio...
The results of the next stage of works for assessing the effects of temperature waves on mortality indicators have been presented. The danger of cold waves for the public health in Southern cities of European Russia has been evaluated. Cold waves with duration of 5–20 days, during which the air temperature was below the threshold value determined b...
In the article there are considered the main problems of assessing public health risks of the combined effects of high temperatures and air pollution with the account taken of the consequences of abnormally hot weather observed in summer 2010 in Moscow and without equals in the history of meteorological measurements in the city. The daily average c...
Few human studies have evaluated the impact of childhood exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCP) on pubertal development.
To evaluate associations of serum OCP concentrations [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)] with age at attainment of sexual maturity among boys.
From...
This extended editorial introduces the Special Issue on Suicide and Resilience in Circumpolar Regions, the results of the knowledge synthesis project by an international research team funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and endorsed by the Arctic Council. It focuses on the extent and magnitude of the problem of suicidal behaviours...
The article presents the results of the next stage of the investigation, which consists of evaluating the impact of heat waves on mortality in different natural and climate regions of the Russian Federation. Heat waves lasting five days or longer with ambient temperatures exceeding a threshold value specified based on the probabilistic characterist...
We try to identify the unknown source of air pollution caused by unknown substance. We do it using only complaints on odor submitted by population living in the ∼20 × 30-km area. We test all possible locations of pollution source on the grid with 1-km spacing covering the area. For each virtual location, we perform the dispersion modeling using AER...
Introduction This chapter examines what is known about the effects of climate change on human health and, briefly, the more direct impacts of climate-altering pollutants (CAPs; see Glossary) on health. We review diseases and other aspects of poor health that are sensitive to weather and climate. We examine the factors that influence the susceptibil...
BACKGROUND: In animal studies, organochlorine pesticide (OCP) exposure alters pubertal development; however, epidemiological data are limited and inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the associations of serum OCP concentrations [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)] wit...
In this article we studied the chemical particularities of ground water of the North Daghestan, using by population as drinking water. In particular we examined the problem of arsenic pollution.
The Arctic, even more so than other parts of the world, has warmed substantially over the past few decades. Temperature and humidity influence the rate of development, survival and reproduction of pathogens and thus the incidence and prevalence of many infectious diseases. Higher temperatures may also allow infected host species to survive winters...
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been linked to adult metabolic disorders; however, few studies have examined these associations in childhood. We prospectively evaluated the associations of baseline serum OCPs (hexachlorobenzene, β-hexachlorocyclohexane, and p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) in Russian boys with subsequent repeated measur...
ABSTRACT: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its latest report on March 31, 2014. This report was the second instalment of the Fifth Assessment Report, prepared by Working Group 2, on impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation to climate change. In this Comment, we, as contributors to the chapter on human health, explain how...
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) released its latest report on March 31, 2014. This report was the second instalment of the Fifth Assessment Report, prepared by Working Group 2, on impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation to climate change. In this Comment, we, as contributors to the chapter on human health, explain how the IPCC r...
Report available at http://ipcc-wg2.gov/AR5/report/final-drafts/
Prolonged high temperatures and air pollution from wildfires often occur together, and the two may interact in their effects on mortality. However, there are few data on such possible interactions.
We analyzed day-to-day variations in the number of deaths in Moscow, Russia, in relation to air pollution levels and temperature during the disastrous h...
This article discusses the adequacy of human resources for the sustainable development of the territories of the Russian Arctic. By using the example of Murmansk oblast, the negative dynamics of the population and labor potential is shown, actual forecasts of the declining life expectancy are given, and reasons for the high mortality rate, especial...
Few studies have evaluated predictors of childhood exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), a class of lipophilic persistent chemicals.
To identify predictors of serum OCP concentrations -- hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), and p,p-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) -- among boys in Chapaevsk, Russia.
Between 2...
A quantitative forecast of expected changes in mortality due to global warming by year 2050 has been developed for the city of Arkhangelsk. The expected changes in the temperature regime for each calendar date were estimated by regionalization of an ensemble of atmosphere-ocean coupled general circulation models. The expected changes in frequency a...
Evidence of the impact of air temperature and pressure on cardiovascular morbidity is still quite limited and controversial, and even less is known about the potential influence of geomagnetic activity. The objective of this study was to assess impacts of air temperature, barometric pressure and geomagnetic activity on hospitalizations with myocard...
Background: Exposure to dioxins has been associated with delayed pubertal onset in both epidemiologic and animal studies. Whether genetic polymorphisms may modify this association is currently unknown. Identifying such genes could provide insight into mechanistic pathways. This is one of the first studies to assess genetic susceptibility to dioxins...
The town of Chapaevsk in the Samara region remained one of the most notorious hotspots of dioxin pollution in Russia for many years. The levels of dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) content in blood and breast milk of the town residents have been monitored since 2003. A longitudinal study of effects of dioxin pollution on physic...
Climate change in the Russian Arctic is more pronounced than in any other part of the country. Between 1955 and 2000, the annual average air temperature in the Russian North increased by 1.2°C. During the same period, the mean temperature of upper layer of permafrost increased by 3°C. Climate change in Russian Arctic increases the risks of the emer...
In this paper, the authors systematize the results of their original investigations into quantitative indicators of interactions between indicators of air temperature, air-pollution, and population mortality. The application of the time series method made it possible to identify the quantitative parameters of the impact made by temperature waves on...
Limited human data suggest an association of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with adverse effects on children's growth.
We evaluated the associations of OCPs with longitudinally assessed growth among peripubertal boys from a Russian cohort with high environmental OCP levels.
A cohort of 499 boys enrolled in the Russian Children's Study between 200...
This publication has been developed within the World Health Organization and the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety project on protecting health from climate change in Europe, coordinated by Dr B. Menne and Dr J. Nurse, WHO Regional Office for Europe. We are grateful for the financial support receive...
Environmental pollution by lead and its effects on human health continue to remain one of the most urgent problems of environmental hygiene. The paper gives the results of basic environmental and epidemiological studies conducted in different regions of the country, which prove elevated lead levels in the blood of examined children. The role of the...
Animal studies have demonstrated that timing of pubertal onset can be altered by prenatal exposure to dioxins or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), but studies of human populations have been quite limited.
We assessed the association between maternal serum concentrations of dioxins and PCBs and the sons' age of pubertal onset in a prospective cohort...
Water is of fundamental importance for human life; access to water of good quality is of vital concern for mankind. Currently however, the situation is under severe pressure due to several stressors that have a clear impact on access to water. In the Arctic, climate change is having an impact on water availability by melting glaciers, decreasing se...
Table s1. The supplementary data table shows the distributions of all measured serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin, polychlorinated dibenzofuran, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners, in 2000 and 2009, among the 8 study participants.
The present study assessed the temporal trend in serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls (PCBs) among residents of a Russian town where levels of these chemicals are elevated due to prior industrial activity.
Two serum samples were collected from eight adult women (in 2000 and 2009), and analyzed with...
Animal data demonstrate associations of dioxin, furan, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposures with altered male gonadal maturation. It is unclear whether these associations apply to human populations.
We investigated the association of dioxins, furans, PCBs, and corresponding toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations with pubertal onset among boy...
We evaluated the associations of serum dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with longitudinally assessed growth measurements among peripubertal Russian boys.
A total of 499 boys from Chapaevsk, Russia, aged 8 to 9 years were enrolled in the study from 2003 to 2005 and were followed prospectively for 3 years. Blood samples were collected and...
Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and bioaccumulative toxic chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment. We assessed predictors of their serum concentrations among women living in a Russian town contaminated by past industrial activity. Blood samples from 446 mothers aged 23-52 years were collected between 20...
