Bonnie S FisherUniversity of Cincinnati | UC · School of Criminal Justice
Bonnie S Fisher
PHD Northwestern U
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Introduction
Skills and Expertise
Publications
Publications (384)
It is well-established that rates of interpersonal violence (IV; physical and emotional intimate partner violence [IPV], non-consensual sexual contact [NCSC], and stalking) peak at 18–24 years of age. Most emerging-adult IV research has been conducted with college samples, making increased risk for IV in college a widely held, but perhaps unjustifi...
The ACJS Directory of Justice-Related Degree Programs is a database containing over 100 pieces of information on 29 justice-related degree programs at the associate through doctoral level (N = 2,350) offered at U.S. Title IV eligible two- and four-year degree-granting postsecondary institutions (N = 1,673) during academic year 2021–2022. Using a su...
The chapter examines the legal, social, security, and policy contexts of campus crime from 1990-2022.
This chapter tracks the evolution of campus security mandates by the US federal government; describes the safety and security measures implemented by institutions of higher education to address campus criminal victimization; and takes stock of the campus security mandates and safety and security measures directed at reducing criminal victimization...
Victimization of college students is widespread, and it is not uncommon for students to disclose these experiences to faculty. Given that how faculty respond to disclosures may have implications for students’ psychosocial and academic outcomes, it is key to know more about disclosures to help faculty prepare a supportive response. This study used d...
Objective: Estimate prevalence and identify correlates of self-reported access to a gun among college students.
Participants: Degree seeking students never serving in the military at 24 postsecondary institutions participating in ACHA-NCHA III during spring of 2020 and 2021 (N = 17,293) stratified by ciswomen,
cismen, and transgender/gender nonconf...
The version 10 (v10) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 full-physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm has been applied to multiyear records of observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 and 3 sensors (OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively) to provide estimates of the carbon dioxide (CO2) column-averaged dry-air mole fraction (X...
To extend theoretical understanding of cyberspace victimization beyond lifestyle-routine activity theory, we tested the target congruence approach as a plausible explanation for cyberstalking victimization. Of secondary interest, we assessed whether the relationship between target congruence and cyberstalking victimization differs by pursued–pursue...
The version 10 (v10) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 Full Physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm has been applied to multi-year records of observations from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory -2 and -3 sensors (OCO-2 and OCO-3, respectively) to provide estimates of the carbon dioxide (CO2) column-averaged dry-air mole fraction...
The Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval algorithm has been delivering operational column-averaged carbon dioxide dry-air mole fraction (XCO2 ) data for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) missions since 2014. The ACOS Level 2 Full Physics (L2FP) algorithm retrieves a number of parameters, including aerosol and surface prop...
Research indicates non-cisgender and non-heterosexual individuals experience higher rates of intimate partner violence compared to their cisgender and heterosexual counterparts. It is unknown if this is the case for intimate partner cyber abuse (IPCA). Thus, the current study examines IPCA prevalence rates among a sample of adults in intimate partn...
Sexual violence prevention programs are important for addressing sexual violence and are often implemented in local community and university settings. However, program implementer perspectives are often missing from academic research literature, limiting access to practical knowledge that can provide insights to improving programs and prevention. T...
Examines the prevalence and correlates of college student access to a firearm using ACHA-NCHA data collected from more than 20,000 students at 13 postsecondary institutions in the Spring of 2021.
Responding to high rates of interpersonal victimization and perpetration among adolescents, schools have implemented bystander intervention (BI) training to educate students to intervene to prevent or stop violence. These trainings function much like an application of scripts for guardianship in action. The current study builds on the overlapping a...
Trigger warnings are written or oral notifications of course content meant to provide students advance notice of sensitive material that may produce adverse health responses and, therefore, inhibit academic performance. This study examined trigger warning use in an academic discipline that includes a substantial amount of graphic content regarding...
The current study addressed whether and why college students express concern about on-campus gun violence, based on comparisons of multi-variate logistic regression models of college men and women. Data collected by the ACHA-NCHA III during the spring of 2020 from 8,950 undergraduate students at 13 four-year U.S. colleges and universities were anal...
Fourth edition of edited volume of original contributions examining the legal, social, policy and security contexts of crime and related issues on American college and university campuses. The 16 chapters in the new edition include coverage of new topics by new contributors as well as updates to chapters from the 3rd edition. 386 pp., 14 Ills. 7 ta...
The Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval algorithm has been delivering operational column-averaged carbon dioxide dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) data for the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) missions since 2014. The ACOS Level 2 Full Physics (L2FP) algorithm retrieves a number of parameters, including aerosol and surface prope...
The shadow of sexual assault hypothesis has received considerable support in explaining women’s fear of crime. However, this hypothesis has yet to be tested in relation to online victimization. Utilizing a sample of undergraduates, this study tests the shadow hypothesis in the context of the Internet by examining the impact of fear of unwanted onli...
This study empirically examines situational and personal characteristics associated with victims’ responses to cyberstalking. In the context of these responses, there has been much debate regarding the “fear standard,” which requires victims or reasonable persons to feel fearful as a result of stalking. To examine victim responses to cyberstalking,...
The purpose of this study of physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among college students was to compare re-victimization rates between sexual minority and heterosexual students and to describe their help-seeking behavior. Sexual minority students who reported previous physical IPV victimization at baseline were at heightened risk for re-victimi...
The Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) has been returning data since April 2009. The version 9 (v9) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 Full Physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm was used to derive estima...
Attention to sexual misconduct has focused on acquaintance rape, leaving a need for
research on less highly recognizable forms of harm. We estimated institution of higher
education (IHE)-specific prevalence of yellow zone sexual harassment (SH) among students at 27 IHEs. We then examined SH and perceived risk of sexual assault/
misconduct, knowledg...
Failure to take responsibility for intervening has been identified as a primary barrier to bystander intervention. Building on these findings, we examine how perceptions of responsibility affect responses to witnessing victimization in the online realm—a topic that has received limited attention. Using a maximum-likelihood selection model, we analy...
Since 2014, a debate has raged over trigger warnings in college courses. Proponents see trigger warnings (oral or written advance notification of course content with the potential to trigger adverse health responses, and therefore, inhibit academic performance) as supportive of students, particularly those who have experienced trauma. Critics see t...
This introduction to the special issue of Journal of Criminal Justice Education titled Teaching About Victimization in the #MeToo Era focuses on the justification for the special issue and provides an overview of the included articles. The #MeToo social movement, changes in college campus policies and procedures (e.g. Title IX), and social and poli...
The Thermal And Near infrared Sensor for carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) on the Japanese Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) has been returning data since April 2009. The version 9 (v9) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) Level 2 Full Physics (L2FP) retrieval algorithm (Kiel et al., 2019) was u...
To address a rise in intimate partner violence (IPV) related homicides, Cincinnati Police Department (CPD) partnered with Women Helping Women (WHW), a community, gender-based violence prevention organization to create the Domestic Violence Enhanced Response Team (DVERT). Second responders are sent out to the scene of IPV police calls to better addr...
Debates over concealed carrying of guns on campus (CCOC) usually classify states as either “allowing” or “prohibiting” CCOC, thus ignoring research revealing state firearm regulatory frameworks are more nuanced. This study examined whether such subtleties existed in state CCOC regulatory frameworks by analyzing states’ 2018 CCOC regulatory provisio...
With sexual violence prevention programs gaining traction in secondary schools, students’ attitudes toward sexual violence have begun to be measured more frequently. While these attitudes are measured as outcomes of prevention programs, students’ preexisting attitudes toward sexual violence shape how prevention programs are received by the students...
Final Report prepared for Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services and Women Helping Women
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an insidious public health concern that affects people of all demographic backgrounds. In the city of Cincinnati, Ohio there has been a significant increase in IPV-related homicides over the past 5 years. Women Helping Women (WHW), a nonprofit organization that works to prevent gender-based violence, collaborated...
As technology advances, new opportunities for partners to gain power and control in their romantic relationships are readily available. New cyber-based behaviors have slowly garnered scholarly attention, but measurement-related issues have not. We take the logical next steps to (1) develop and validate a comprehensive measure of intimate partner cy...
The current study sought to explain cyberstalking perpetration using low self-control and moral disengagement frameworks. Self-report survey data collected from a Mechanical Turk sample of 1,500 young adults aged 18 to 25 years old revealed that approximately 22% of the sample had engaged in cyberstalking perpetration during their lifetime. Finding...
This study uncovers nuances in the range and frequency of adolescent school-based victimization experiences, focusing on the gendered nature of these experiences. A concentration on indicators of criminal opportunity reveals unique predictors of pathways to single-time, poly, and repeat victimization within the school domain. Results from Latent Cl...
Many college students who experience sexual assault experience subsequent (i.e., repeat) sexual assault incidents. There is also an established relationship between sexual assault and binge drinking. The “once bitten, twice shy” (OBTS) hypothesis suggests that those who experience alcohol- or drug-related (AOD) sexual assault would reduce how frequ...
NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-3 (OCO-3) was installed on the International Space Station (ISS) on 10 May 2019. OCO-3 combines the flight spare spectrometer from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) mission, which has been in operation since 2014, with a new Pointing Mirror Assembly (PMA) that facilitates observations of non-nadir targets...
The “once bitten, twice shy” (OBTS) hypothesis argues that crime victims who change their involvement in risky lifestyle behaviors reduce their likelihood of experiencing repeat victimization. Tests of this hypothesis have yielded weak to mixed results, which may be due to methodological issues. We address these methodological issues by testing the...
Past research has shown that a significant proportion of college students will experience a victimization during their college tenure. This body of research provides evidence that college students' lifestyle characteristics and routine activities play a role in influencing their risk of victimization; yet, little is known about whether these same r...
Purpose:
Though researchers have documented that adolescents are vulnerable to coercion focused on reproductive and sexual autonomy, measures to assess this type of coercion for both adolescent females and males have not been validated in a population-based sample.
Method:
The present study used secondary data collected from high school students...
The accuracy of atmospheric trace gas retrievals depends directly on the accuracy of the molecular absorption model used within the retrieval algorithm. For remote sensing of well-mixed gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), where the atmospheric variability is small compared to the background, the quality of the molecular absorption model is key. Re...
A recent randomized controlled trial reported that Green Dot (GD)—a bystander intervention training program that targets popular opinion leaders for intensive training—reduced school-level interpersonal violence perpetration and victimization. Expanding GD’s targeted group members to include “mavens” of bystander intervention—those who spread bysta...
Sex trafficking is recognized as a national problem that inflicts serious harm on its victims, yet, legislative responses to trafficking vary depending on jurisdiction. Federal legislation considers youths who engage in commercial sex acts as trafficking victims. States, however, vary in the evidence required to prove a juvenile is a victim of sex...
Objective: To study eight types of sexual assault among cisgender women, cisgender men and gender minority college students, estimating the prevalence of perpetration by persons of particular gender identities. Participants and Methods: 13,685 sexual assault survivors were surveyed. For each type of sexual assault victimization experienced by cisge...
Report for Women Helping Women, Cincinnati Police Department, and the Ohio Office of Criminal Justice Services.
The full report is available here: https://services.dps.ohio.gov/OCCS/Pages/Public/Reports/DVERT%20FINAL%20REPORT%204.10.20.pdf
This study examines the effect that individuals’ perceptions of police have on their adoption of crime prevention measures. Unlike past research that conceptualized police perceptions as inversely associated with crime prevention, we introduce a framework that distinguishes between the traditional policing and community policing/procedural justice...
Most studies on the reporting of crimes to the police have focused on adult victims. Less is known, however, regarding crime reporting behavior among school-age victims. This paper presents findings from an exploratory study of violent crime reporting decision-making among school-age victims. It used six waves of data from NCVS SCS and thus seeks a...
In recent years, India has been marked by highly publicized cases of rape that have led to public outcry and demands for rape-law reform and the protection of women. In this context, the purpose of this study is to assess the extent to which rape myths persist in Indian society and to examine the sources of those beliefs. Based on a survey of 55 it...
Objective: Previous research has found women who experience eight or more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are 3.5 times as likely to be victims of adult IPV. This study examined the relationship between ACEs and IPV (physical violence, sexual violence, psychological violence, and stalking) among college students.
Participants: This study was c...
Since the late 20th century, the federal government has regulated colleges’ and universities’ handling of campus sexual and gender-based violence (CSGBV). Although the arc of history has bent toward establishing greater protections for victims of such violence, new proposed regulation by the U.S. Department of Education under the Trump administrati...
This study extends prior analyses from a 5-year multisite cluster-randomized controlled trial to examine how the previously reported effects of the Green Dot bystander-based prevention program worked to reduce violence perpetration. Bystander-based interventions are hypothesized to prevent violence by reducing violence acceptance and increasing tra...
Abstract. We characterize the magnitude of seasonally and spatially varying biases in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) Version 8 (v8) and the Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> Observations from Space (ACOS) Greenhouse Gas Observing SATellite (GOSAT) version 7.3 (v7.3) satellite CO<sub>2</sub> r...
Even with extensive evidence documenting the incidence, risk factors, and negative outcomes of workplace violence (WPV) against emergency department (ED) employees, there is a lack of intervention strategies reported that could be subjected to a clinical trial in the ED setting. The purpose of this article is to report the outcomes of a novel proce...
All measurements of XCO2 from space have systematic errors. To reduce a large fraction of these errors, a bias correction is applied to XCO2 retrieved from GOSAT and OCO-2 spectra using the ACOS retrieval algorithm. The bias correction uses, among other parameters, the surface pressure difference between the retrieval and the meteorological reanaly...
Research shows that a large percentage of college students have experienced online victimization. However, bystander intervention behaviors directed at online contexts are absent from both the online victimization and bystander intervention research. With a sample of undergraduate college students, the current study explores the frequency and predi...
Since September 2014, NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite has been taking measurements of reflected solar spectra and using them to infer atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This work provides details of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm, versions 7 and 8, used to derive the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of atmospheric CO2 (XC...
Currently all measurements of XCO2 from space have systematic errors. To reduce a large fraction of these errors, a bias correction is applied to XCO2 retrieved from GOSAT and OCO-2 spectra using the ACOS retrieval algorithm. The bias correction uses, among other parameters, the surface pressure difference between the retrieval and the meteorologic...
Multiple states have considered or passed legislation allowing open or concealed carrying of firearms on college campuses. To investigate this trend, we develop a theoretical framework for analyzing stability and change in state-level morality policy relating to guns on campus. To achieve that end, we first explain why campus gun policy is an examp...
Since September 2014, NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite has been taking measurements of reflected solar spectra and using them to infer atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This work provides details of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm, versions 7 and 8, used to derive the column-averaged dry air mole fraction of atmospheric CO2,/su...
This study focuses on the relationship between online and offline stalking through a gendered approach. Experiencing offline stalking victimization was examined as a precursor to online stalking victimization, and experiencing cyberstalking victimization was investigated as a predictor of offline stalking victimization. These relationships also wer...
This study investigates the predictors of four types of cybercrime victimization/experiences: online harassment, hacking, identity theft, and receiving nude photos or explicit content. The effects of victimization opportunity and low self-control are examined as the primary independent variables in logistic regression analyses of data collected fro...
You can access an open-source copy of this article by pasting this link into your browser: https://www.crimrxiv.com/pub/u773qopk/release/1.
Objectives: This research investigates tendencies for individuals to preference adopting weaponry to protect their home over unarmed defensive measures such as installing a lock or alarm. We extend the subcul...
American Indian women across all ages are significantly more likely than women of other ethnic groups to be victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking. Despite their increased risk of interpersonal violence, there are few published studies or reports that explicitly examine the needs of victimized American Indian women. Therefore, b...
Opportunity theory suggests that adolescents’ risks for school-based theft and assault victimization are related to low self-control and school-based routine activities, such as playing sports, joining extracurricular clubs, and engaging in unsupervised activities. Peer research indicates that friends’ characteristics may also create opportunities...
Over the last five years, vigorous debate has been waged about the purpose, use, and impact of trigger warnings in courses offered at institutions of higher education. This debate has been largely uninformed by research findings. This study fills this gap using quantitative and qualitative data collected via surveys in a large undergraduate victimo...
The foci of the present study are to estimate the extent of cyberstalking victimization, and develop, specify, and test a theoretically based model of cyberstalking victimization among college women. A pursuit- and fear-based measure of victimization was utilized, and three leading theories—self-control, opportunity, and control balance—were tested...
Objectives:
This research investigates tendencies for individuals to preference adopting weaponry to protect their home over unarmed defensive measures such as installing a lock or alarm. We extend the subculture of violence perspective to account for specific choices and test this approach against hypotheses related to situational reactions to thr...
Drugging (i.e., administering someone a drug or alcohol without their knowledge or consent) is a problem with substantial consequences for college students. Although sexual minorities face greater rates of drugging risk factors (e.g., greater rates of binge drinking have been identified among sexual minorities), no prior study has examined the prev...
Interest in “drugging” has increased, with much focus on drugging victimization within the context of sexual assault and particularly among college students. This study uses data from the Campus Sexual Assault (CSA) Study and the Historically Black College and University Campus Sexual Assault (HBCU-CSA) Study to explore college women’s drugging vic...
Hindelang, Gottfredson, and Garafalo offered the “once bitten, twice shy” hypothesis, which posits that, after experiencing victimization, individuals will make changes to their lifestyles to prevent subsequent victimization. Despite the apparent logic of this hypothesis, empirical tests have provided mixed or weak support. The current study uses q...
Retailers invest considerable sums of money in security measures designed to prevent shoplifting. However, little is known about shoplifters’ perceptions of anti-shoplifting security measures or shoplifters’ techniques for outmaneuvering them. Building on Ekblom’s recommendation to ‘think thief’ to disengage from the crime prevention arms race, our...
NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) has been measuring carbon dioxide column-averaged dry-air mole fraction, XCO2, in the Earth's atmosphere for over 2 years. In this paper, we describe the comparisons between the first major release of the OCO-2 retrieval algorithm (B7r) and XCO2 from OCO-2's primary ground-based validation network: the T...