Bonnie Cramond

University of Georgia | UGA · Department of Educational Psychology

One of the most important questions that educators try to answer is how to prepare new generations of students for an unpredictable future. Students need to learn several skills, such as creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication (the 4 Cs). Creativity, especially, is an essential skill in a complex and unforeseeable world/era,...

This paper proposes a model, which hopefully will allow researchers in the psychology of creativity to confirm that the different levels and different labels for problem finding can be unified under one construct – problem finding (PF). Although no clear distinctions are made among the levels and terms used in the PF literature, the current efforts...

This study examined the relationship between problem finding (PF) and creativity. A search of published and unpublished studies in English from 1960 to 2015 resulted in 40 studies with a total of 6,649 male and female participants, with ages ranging from childhood to adulthood. Accordingly, this meta-analysis estimated the population correlations b...

This paper proposes a new hierarchy (model), which hopefully will allow researchers in this field to differentiate between the different levels of problem finding (PF). It has been found that at least 13 different terms have been used to describe the process of finding a problem. Some of these terms have been used interchangeably in previous resear...

With creativity now being emphasized in schools, it is important for teachers to understand what it is and how it is measured. This review of the literature is an attempt to make sense of the many definitions and measures of creativity. As a result, this comprehensive review shows that most definitions agree that there are at least two criteria to...

Book Description: Defining creativity comprehensively explains what creativity is from an international diverse standpoint. At the same time, it makes for a concise and inspiring read that brings together everything there is to know about creativity and gifted children. This practical text is based on the newest research, and the described practic...

There is a long-standing controversy over the relationship between psychopathology and creativity. Yet there is a lack of evidence regarding the relationship between common psychopathologies and indicators of little-c, or every day, creativity among laypeople. To make sense of this connection, we conducted a meta-analysis using 89 studies to reveal...

The Future Problem Solving Program International (FPSPI) is an educational program for the development of creative skills, especially in children and young people (Future Problem Solving Program International, FPSPI, n.d). At the same time, it promotes critical, analytical and futuristic thinking, oral and written communication, teamwork, as we...

Although most people think of the arts when they think of creativity, it is clear that creativity in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields is a key to innovation and economic prosperity. Yet, creativity is rarely addressed in STEM education, and few teachers are prepared to incorporate creative thinking activities into...

Critics of creativity tests, some of which are used widely in determining student eligibility for special educational opportunities such as gifted programs, claim that scores on these tests can be improved with specific training on the scoring components of the tests. However, we could find no empirical evidence supporting this claim. So, we tested...

Experience in the development of creative abilities in the Torrance Center for Creativity and Talent Development The University of Georgia (USA) is demonstrated. The content of educational cluster based on conception of Mental Integrative Metasystemic Innovative Methodology (MIMIM) is presented. The basic elements of methodology and technology of c...

Traditional curricular approaches within engineering education tend to be fragmented, with opportunities for content- and meta-level synthesis being mostly limited to freshman and senior year design courses. In this paper, we are proposing a curricular model, the Synthesis and Design Studio, to combat the tendency towards fragmented curricula. The...

O FPSPI- Future Problem Solving Program International é um programa educativo, internacionalmente validado, visando o desenvolvimento de competências de resolução de problemas (em crianças, jovens e nos aplicadores do programa), tais como o pensamento criativo, pensamento crítico e analítico, comunicação oral e escrita, trabalho em equipa, gestão e...

Engineering education is uniquely qualified to make strides towards both a more integrated curriculum and understanding the benefits of an integrated learning experiences, due to the vast amounts of experience with innovative integrative curricular structures. This paper briefly describes an innovative approach to integrate student learning through...

This article presents the results of the 50-year follow-up of the longitudinal study E. Paul Torrance initiated 5 decades ago. The Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) was administered in the late 1950s and personal and public achievement data were obtained 50 years later and used as criteria in analyses reported here. These showed that TTCT s...

1907 “Children, please have your parents sign or put their X on your graded papers and return them to me tomorrow, or else I'll have to speak to your parents about it at services Sunday. Now, fifth-year children, take out your science books and turn to page 141 so we can read about the eight planets.” 1957 “Kids, please have your mother sign the gr...

Several instruments have been developed to assess student images of scientists, but most require children to respond in writing. Since not all children can respond appropriately to written instruments. Chambers (1983) developed the Draw-A-Scientist Test (DAST) in which children's drawings are rated according to particular characteristics present or...

This chapter traces the growth of the Future Problem Solving Program from its beginning at one high school in Athens, Georgia in 1974 to its 30th Anniversary as an International Program with over 250,000 students around the world participating from grades 1 to 12, and to the present. The various components and rationale of the Program are described...

At the 2006 National Association of Gifted Children Conference, a panel presentation addressed the importance of providing gifted children with opportunities to take positive social action through service-learning; this article is a result of that discussion. The Future Problem Solving Program (among others) has a community problem-solving componen...

Reviews the book, Enriching the Brain: How to Maximize Every Learner's Potential by Eric Jensen (see record 2006-09798-000 ), noting that the book is not primarily written for psychologists. Despite 30 pages of scholarly references, the material is said not to be presented in a scholarly manner. The book is instead, ostensibly written for educators...

Combining both the Western perspective of creativity as productivity and the Eastern perspective of creativity as enlightenment, a Program for Enlightened and Productive Creativity (PEPC) for teaching inquiry was devised. The PEPC describes stages through which a student is guided to solve a problem using increasingly complex observation, inquiry,...

There is disagreement among researchers as to whether creativity is a unidimensional or multidimensional trait. Much of the debate centers around the most widely used measure of creativity, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). This study used data from 1,000 kindergartners (ages 5-7), 1,000 third graders (ages 7-11) and 1,000 sixth grade...

This study investigated changes in Korean science teachers' perceptions of creativity and science teaching after participating in an overseas professional development program. Participants were 35 secondary science teachers. Data were collected from open-ended questionnaires and interviews. Results indicated that participants showed a growing aware...

This article updates information about the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) by reporting on predictive validity data from the most recent data collection point in Torrance’s longitudinal studies. First, we outline the background of the tests and changes in scoring over the years. Then, we detail the results of the analyses of the 40-year...

This is a replication of a study designed by Tannenbaum (1962) and repeated by Cramond and Martin (1987) measuring U.S. attitudes toward intelligence by having respondents rate 8 hypothetical students who varied in their combinations of athleticism, effort, and academic ability. This study investigated 132 Korean preservice and in-service teachers’...

The article discusses the definition of giftedness. There is also the possibility that we can only define something after we understand it sufficiently. If so, then the definition would come after intensive study rather than before it. Perhaps expectations of a complete and universally agreeable definition are too reductionist in nature. A single d...

Presents an obituary for Ellis Paul Torrance, who passed away on July, 12, 2003, after almost 60 years of research in creativity. Known as the "Father of Creativity," Paul legitimized its study with his development of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). This battery of standardized tests, now translated into 32 languages, provided evide...

Employing Erikson's identity theory within Marcia's operational framework, the association between identity formation and adult achievement was examined in a subset of gifted individuals from Termnan's longitudinal study. Terman's most successful A group and the least successful C group were compared with respect to their identity formation. Signif...

An interview with E. Paul Torrance reviews research into creativity in the second half of the 20th century and his own research centering on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking as an indicator of creativity. Trends in current research identified include cross-cultural aspects of creativity, multiple ways of creative thinking, and the systems ap...

Creativity should be assessed with multiple methods in order to recognize and nurture it. Testing may be most valuable with certain subgroups of children, especially those whose creativity is not yet actualized. Creativity testing is suggested in addition to product and performance evaluations in order to ensure that creative potential, as well as...

Investigated whether participation in a formal mentoring program for students in all grades improved self efficacy, aspiration, and possible selves for disadvantaged elementary ( N = 72) and secondary school students ( N = 58) and whether there is a critical length of time that a relationship must exist before there is a significant improvement. Me...

This book explores the conceptual and historical bases for examining creativity, cognitive functioning and creativity, cultural influences on creativity, research methodologies for examining creativity, assessment of creativity, and effectiveness of major creativity training models. Chapters include: (1) "Issues in Studying Creativity in Youth" (An...

The focus of this article is on the similarities between the behavioral manifestations of ADHD and creativity, some speculations about their common etiology, some illustrative case studies, and practical implications of mistaking one for the other. The possibility of an overlap in the conditions of high creativity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivit...

Possible cultural influences on the expression of creativity were explored through comparison of responses of Finnish and American graduate students on the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking—Figural Form (TTCT) (Torrance, 1962). Scores on the norm-referenced subtests of the TTCT indicate that this group scored similarly to the U.S. and Canadian gr...

This study examined the incidence of creativity among individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the incidence of ADHD among individuals who are highly creative. The ADHD group consisted of 34 students, aged 6 to 15. The highly creative group consisted of 76 participants, ages 13 to 15, from the Torrance Creative Scholars...

the impetus for creativity research / the research program at the University of Minnesota / the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking [research definition of creativity, purpose and rationale, design and structure, components of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, verbal, figural, scoring and interpretation] / the challenge of establishing predi...

Multidimensional creativity tests are more cost-effective than expert opinion in predicting creative thinking. Torrance (1966) delineated five purposes for using creativity tests: to promote understanding of the human mind, assist development of individualized instruction, provide additional information for remedial and psychotherapeutic programs,...

Speaking and listening are neglected areas of instruction that should be emphasized more in language arts classes and infused throughout the curriculum. Although all students can benefit from instruction in oral/aural communication, such instruction can still be part of a differentiated curriculum for the gifted by providing an expanded range of op...

When should our child start school? Parents often get mixed messages. We are warned about the dangers of pushing young children too far too soon, but we are also reminded of the necessity of challenging them to do their best. There appears to be an increasing trend for parents to hold their children back for one year past the eligible age for kinde...

Investigated whether students trained in Creative Problem Solving (CPS) generalized such training to the solution of problems presented out of the context of the training sessions. 75 6th, 7th, and 8th grade gifted students were assigned to either of 2 experimental groups or a control group. The experimental groups were CPS and Ss who received CPS...

The current study was concerned with the participation patterns and attitudes of college students who were encouraged to write justifications of their answers in order to gain credit for responses that would otherwise be incorrect throughout a semester's worth of multiple-choice tests. Subjects were 134 students enrolled in undergraduate educationa...

Gifted students in grades 6-8 were divided into two experimental groups, one receiving traditional creative problem-solving training and the other receiving creative problem-solving with transfer strategies infused; there was also a control group receiving training in various memory tasks, analogical skills, and logic exercises. After the training,...

Attitudes toward the academically gifted were examined in 83 experienced teachers and 100 juniors and seniors enrolled in a teacher education program. Using a questionnaire developed by Tannenbaum (1962), the characteristics of athleticism, diligence, and academic brilliance were examined as they affected perceptions of hypothetical high school stu...

Creative Reading is an area of reading instruction which is frequently recommended for use with gifted students at all grade levels. However, the extent to which it is practiced in the elementary schools is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to investigate how frequently gifted students experienced creative reading activities while attending...

Children with specific talents have particular needs that must be recognized if that talent is to be nurtured.