Boleslaw Machulec

• Phd
• Professor (Associate) at Silesian University of Technology

Due to various electrical properties and diverse mechanisms of heat generation, differences in current characteristics for the upper and lower zones of the ferrosilicon furnace are observed. These differences are neglected in similarity criteria by Andreae and Struński-Westly (k, c_3), applied in theory and practice for a long time for ferrosilicon...

Based on the Minimum Gibbs Free Enthalpy algorithm (FEM) and a model of reaction zones located around electrode tips in the submerged arc furnace, an analysis of the raw material chemical composition influence on the ferrosilicon smelting process was carried out. A model of the ferrosilicon process in the submerged arc furnace is a system of two cl...

The most objective methods of determining the usefulness of quartzite for the ferrosilicon smelting process are industrial research methods, but such studies are long-lasting and costly. In order to test the usefulness of thermo-gravimetric method to evaluate technological properties of quartzites in a laboratory, thermo-gravimetric studies of quar...

Based on the minimum Gibbs Free Enthalpy algorithm (FEM), model of the ferrosilicon smelting process has been presented. It is a system of two closed isothermal reactors: an upper one with a lower temperature T1, and a lower one with a higher temperature T2. Between the reactors and the environment as well as between the reactors inside the system,...

Selection of reducing agents for the ferrosilicon smelting process requires consideration of several difficult to reconcile criteria. The carbon reducers are not only a source of carbon as a substrate of the silica reduction reaction, but also play an important role by acting as a gas filter at the upper zones in working space of the ferrosilicon f...

An economical alternative for the steel industry which uses a separate ferrosilicon and aluminum for the deoxidization of steel is a complex deoxidizer in the form of FeSiAl alloys. The effectiveness of complex deoxidizers is higher and they have a positive effect on quality improvement and also for mechanical properties of the finished steel. It i...

Based on the non-stoichiometric Gibbs free enthalpy minimization algorithm (FEM), an equilibrium physicochemical model of the ferrosilicon FeSi75 smelting process has been elaborated where the influence of process parameters was determined. In the above model in the submerged arc furnace, the basic parameters are temperatures of the upper and lower...

Based on the equilibrium model with two isothermal reactors, the influence of CaO and MgO oxides on the ferrosilicon process in the submerged arc furnace was determined. The influence of addition of CaO and MgO oxides in the feed mixture on the SiC carbide phase formation, the contents of Ca and Mg elements in the chemical composition of the FeSi a...

In order to determine reasons of unsatisfactory production output regarding one of the 12 MVA furnaces, a comparative analysis with a furnace of higher power that showed a markedly better production output was performed. For comparison of ferrosilicon furnaces with different geometrical parameters and transformer powers, the theory of physical simi...

W pracy przedstawiono nowoczesny system ogrzewania hali drukarni oraz pomieszczeń biurowych i socjalnych. Został on zaprezentowany na dwóch schematach oraz omówiony w pierwszej części artykułu. Układ wykorzystuje pompy ciepła ciecz-ciecz oraz powietrze ciecz. Dla pomp ciecz-ciecz dolnym źródłem jest pionowy wymiennik gruntowy składający się z 13 ot...

The electric arc is one of the most unstable parts of the electrical circuit of submerged-arc furnaces in the ferrosilicon smelting process. In the carbothermal silica reduction electric arc has an important role as a high temperature heat source, and its presence is essential for the proper ferrosilicon process flow. Presence of the of electric ar...

The classical models to optimize the batch of electric arc furnace require precise and predetermined numerical values. In order to determine the scrap steel properties (eg. chemical composition), we are not able to define these values precisely and accurately. This situation is due to the heterogeneity and specificity of this material, which is rel...

Based on the electrical parameters of a 20 MVA ferrosilicon furnace, a methodology of identification of characteristic ferrosilicon smelting states described as carbon excess and carbon deficiency in the reaction zones ('over-coked', 'under-coked') has been presented. Relations between the electrical parameters and assessments made by furnace opera...

The paper presents an analysis of the possibilities of using the enthalpy of post-reaction gases from the ferrosilicon smelting process to produce electricity. Ferrosilicon smelting in the submerged arc furnace is one of the most energy-consuming electro thermal processes. Post-reaction gases, generated during the silica reduction process with carb...

The article presents an analysis of the use and development the forest areas about the appropriate structure tree stand as negative sources of CO2 emissions with particular emphasis on conditions in Poland. Financing scale of power industry is so large that the redirecting of appropriate amounts of money in forest areas does not seem to be an impos...

Based on archival temperature measurement data regarding a blast furnace (capacity of 3200 m³) hearth and bottom refractory lining, empirical isotherms T = 300°C, for various periods of the first five years of the furnace campaign were determined. This resulted in an attempt to assess the hearth and bottom refractory lining in the third month and s...

Based on the minimum Gibbs Free Enthalpy algorithm (FEM), a model of the reaction zones located around electrode tips in the ferrosilicon submerged arc furnace has been presented. In the calculations, new opportunities created by the HSC software package which enables the use of a thermochemical database and equilibrium calculations directly in the...

As a result of optimisation of high current circuit for the furnace 7.75 MVA, its substitute values of phase reactances have been considerably decreased and its asymmetry has been minimised. Decrease in the voltage drop of the high current circuit influenced advantageously a change in furnace electrical parameters and forced increase in its electri...

Basing on the literature data concerning the sessile drop topic, a method of surface tension of liquid metals and alloys measurements using numerical methods has been developed. The computational procedure used in the experiment was the least square estimation of the parameters of the differential equation describing the shape of a sessile drop of...

Specific structure, complex chemical and phase composition of ferro-alloys produced in commercial conditions affect the fractions obtained as a result of mechanical disintegration. The fractions show changeable compositions and varied physicochemical properties. Ferrosilicon with 65-75% Si shows susceptibility to segregation. The article presents t...