Bogdan Zawadzki

• Ph.D.
• Professor at University of Warsaw

The goal was to create a brief temperament inventory grounded in the Regulative Theory of Temperament (FCB-TMI-CC), with a user-friendly, online applicability for studies in different cultures. As the regulative role of temperament is strongly revealed under meaningful stress, the study was planned within the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. To ensur...

The PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5) is a well‐known tool for measuring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Although the tool has been translated into many different languages, only one study, conducted in European countries, has examined measurement invariance (MI) across these versions. The present study aimed to verify PCL‐5 MI in eig...

Zapraszam Czytelników do zapoznania się ze zbiorem pt. „Wybrane problemy współczesnej diagnostyki klinicznej w psychologii” pod redakcją Bogdana Zawadzkiego, Krzysztofa Fronczyka i Kamilli Bargiel-Matusiewicz – Zbiór ten stanowi czwarty tom z serii wydawniczej Wydziału Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego pt. Psychological Currents. Theory and Re...

Any war increases at least twice the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in its victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects about 10% of car accident victims, half of the people who have experienced rape or war, and victims of violence. PTSD negatively affects the quality of life. It is associated with direct and indirect...

Objective: The present study aimed to provide a seminal behavioral genetic analysis of time perspectives (TPs). Moreover, we intended to investigate the magnitude of genetic vs. environmental components of the well-established assocations between TPs and personality features. Background: Individual differences in temporal framing processes, refe...

Person-centered analyses may be applied to identify latent homogeneous subgroups of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The evidence suggests three to five class/profile solutions that are distinct in a quantitative and/or qualitative way. This study aimed to examine the evidence for different profiles of PTSD symptoms among a Polish sam...

This paper represents the outcome of a multidisciplinary discussion on what works, what does not, and what can be improved, in ongoing work on biobehavioral taxonomies and their biomarkers. The authors of this paper, representing a wide spectrum of biobehavioral disciplines (clinical, developmental, differential psychology, neurophysiology, endocri...

This special issue aims to reflect on the current state of research in the Regulative Theory of Temperament and novel commitment to conceptual and methodological approaches in the study of adult temperament. This editorial outlines the contributions that comprise its content and offers some thoughts on emerging trends in the field. Precisely, we re...

The goal of the study was to examine whether treatments of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with psychotherapy (PE), pharmacotherapy (paroxetine) and their combination would result in changes in temperament towards a pattern of increasing stimulation processing capacity. We assumed that temperament changes might be recorded in participants with...

This paper reviews studies on the relationship between temperament according to Jan Strelau’s Regulative Theory of Temperament and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with an emphasis on the results of psychological and genetic research. All temperament traits proposed by the RTT show relationships to PTSD symptoms, which was confirmed in both cr...

We discuss the life and work of Jan Strelau from the perspectives of the Regulative Theory of Temperament and Five-Factor Theory. Both posit that traits are early-appearing and relatively stable over time, have a substantial biological basis, can be found in human and non-human species, and must be inferred from the behaviors that express them; the...

Cel Pourazowe zaburzenie stresowe (PTSD) dotyczy około 10% ofiar wypadków komunikacyjnych, zaś ponad 50% osób, których doświadczeniem był gwałt lub wojna. PTSD negatywnie wpływa na jakość życia, łączy się z bezpośrednimi i pośrednimi kosztami zdrowotnymi. Każda z tych konsekwencji jest wystarczającą przesłanką do intensyfikowania badań nad skuteczn...

Objective: Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence and severity are well established; there is also growing evidence that men and women develop PTSD symptoms differently. This article aims to examine gender differences in the relationship between PTSD symptoms and personality traits according to the Five Factor model...

This study focuses on the relationship between personality traits, derived from the Big Five model, and performance in the competitive electronic sports (eSports) video game League of Legends (LoL). Data were gathered from 206 LoL players of various in-game success levels, as measured by their position within the competitive hierarchy (division) of...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and disabling reaction to extreme stress. Because of the strong consequences of long-lasting PTSD symptoms, the research of risk and protective factors is needed. Presented meta-analysis aimed to verify temperament traits according to the Regulative Theory of Temperament as risk/protective factors o...

The Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT), developed by Jan Strelau, describes human's behaviour in formal characteristics expressed in six temperamental traits: briskness, perseveration, sensory sensitivity, endurance, emotional reactivity and activity. Theory validity was supported based on operationalisation of traits via the Formal Characteris...

The aim of the article is to present the Polish version of the Pet Attachment Questionnaire and its psychometric properties. The tool is used to measure both the strength and quality of attachment of the owner to the animal. Authors of the original version indicate that the strength of the attachment to a dog is often considered without any theoret...

Emotional Stroop task (EST) has been extensively used to investigate attentional processes in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Even though aging significantly changes the dynamics of emotion-cognition interactions, very little is known about its role in shaping EST performance in PTSD patients. In the present study we tested a uniquely large s...

The present analyses focused on the adaptation of the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) - a tool measuring beliefs specific to personality disorders. Two Polish versions of the PBQ were developed: a translation of the original version consisting of 126 items, and a modified version comprised of 124 items (the scale for borderline personality...

The aim of the paper was to characterize personality disorders in terms of the dimensions of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM) developed by Strus, Cieciuch, and Rowiński. It was expected that personality disorders characterized by the profiles of traits from the five-factor model of personality (FFM) would be located in the sector deli...

The present analyses focused on the adaptation of the Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ) – a tool measuring beliefs specific to personality disorders. Two Polish versions of the PBQ were developed: a translation of the original version consisting of 126 items, and a modified version comprised of 124 items (the scale for borderline personality...

Both clinical and theoretical aspects of the problems of people suffering from personality disorders attract researchers’ attention. An attempt to modify the current classification systems confronts scholars with the problems of the uncertain empirical status of the criteria for diagnosing this group of disorders and the imperfection of assessment...

The aim of the paper was to characterize personality disorders in terms of the dimensions of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM) developed by Strus, Cieciuch, and Rowiński. It was expected that personality disorders characterized by the profiles of traits from the five-factor model of personality (FFM) would be located in the sector deli...

Both clinical and theoretical aspects of the problems of people suffering from personality disorders attract researchers' attention. An attempt to modify the current classification systems confronts scholars with the problems of the uncertain empirical status of the criteria for diagnosing this group of disorders and the imperfection of assessment...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms structure is a subject of ongoing debate since its inclusion in DSM-III classification in 1980. Different research on PTSD symptoms structure proved the better fit of four-factor and five-factor models comparing to the one proposed by DSM-IV. With the publication of DSM-5 classification, which introduce...

The aim of the present study was to develop a Polish version of the Inventory of Cognitive Affect Regulation Strategies (ICARUS) and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of trauma-exposed individuals. The fidelity of instrument translation was assessed in bilingual retests with 103 undergraduate students of English philology. Psychome...

Keywords: Motor vehicle accident Sense of coherence Post-traumatic cognitions Post-traumatic stress disorder

Objectives: Although various aspects of guilt are frequent problems of patients suffering from PTSD, they have been included into the diagnostic criteria for PTSD just in the present version DSM-5. Kubany proposed a cognitive conceptualization of guilt in PTSD followed by development of the Trauma Related Guilt Inventory (TRGI). The aim of the pap...

According to Bandura, a sense of personal efficacy is the foundation of human agency. Traumatic experiences cause important changes in activity, emotions and cognitive processes, in its extreme form leading to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Diverse studies focused on the relation between self-efficacy and PTSD symptoms , i...

The structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms has been studied and discussed since the introduction of PTSD as a diagnostic entity in the DSM-III (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III) in 1980. Many studies supported a four-factor or a five-factor models, both inconsistent with DSM-IV. It is unclear whether cur...

Background and objective: Little is known about direct comparisons of the efficacy of trauma-focused psychotherapies and SSRIs. This is the first randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE), paroxetine (Ph) and their combination (Comb) in a sample of adults diagnosed with PTSD following motor vehicle accidents (MVA)...

Objectives: Valid and reliable diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder is important for clinical practice, scientific research and forensic settings. The aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version of SCID-I F Module for the diagnosis of PTSD. Methods: Five hundred twenty six motor vehicle accident survivo...

In the nearly 100 years since identification of the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder in soldiers and civilian accidents’ victims until nowadays (when the most recent diagnostic criteria for DSM-5 and ICD-11 are prepared) understanding of the disorder and its core features have changed, both as the structure of symptoms and general location...

The paper presents research on the validity of the General Factor of Personality (GFP), extracted on the basis of NEO-FFI scores. Analysis was based on data obtained in four groups consisting, in total, of 1906 participants (878 women and 1028 men aged from 18 to 66 years). Scores on Five-Factor Model (FFM) scales and GFP scores were analyzed again...

The paper presents research on the validity of the General Factor of Personality (GFP), extracted on the basis of NEO-FFI scores. Analysis was based on data obtained in four groups consisting, in total, of 1906 participants (878 women and 1028 men aged from 18 to 66 years). Scores on Five- Factor Model (FFM) scales and GFP scores were analyzed agai...

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between emotional reactivity, exposure to trauma and its interaction, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors. Both emotional reactivity and exposure to trauma were expected to be significant predictors of the intensity of PTSD symptoms. Exposur...

The paper presents the results of a longitudinal study of two groups of participants of motor vehicle accidents (MVA). They were investigated twice: The first time after 1–6 months (N = 362) or 12–24 months (N = 337) after a MVA, and then 1 year after the initial assessment. We assumed that, among the environmental variables (severity of experience...

The aim of the paper was empirical verification of the relationship between temperamental traits (according to RTT) and personality disorders. Two hypotheses were tested - the possibility of describing the specific profile of temperamental traits for each disorder or identifying the common temperamental characteristics for all personality disorders...

In the last 30 years in the Polish coal mines several serious disasters have occurred. In each of them up to 30 coal miners were killed. Altogether more than 150 people lost their life in coal mining disasters. Among those who experienced accidents in mines, many were injured and sustained damage to their health. As a consequence of disaster declin...

The relationship between the sense of coherence (SOC) and the intensity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined in order to determine its nature and to resolve the inconsistencies between (1) a growing body of empirical research that indicates a linear relationship between these variables, and (2) the schema-based theories of PTSD that...

There is a growing interest in temperament that has been developing parallel to studies on emotion, especially on trait-anxiety and anxiety disorders. Depending on the adopted definition of temperament and the understanding of the construct “anxiety”, different temperament–anxiety relationships are proposed. In studies based on the regulative theor...

We examined the general factor of personality (GFP) in the structure of six Polish language inventories (32 scales) and found the GFP most saturated by temperament traits located within Neuroticism and Extraversion (with high congruence between samples and applied measures). Data were obtained in two samples comprising over 2000 individuals by self...

Paper presents results of psychometric analyses of the Polish translation of the Beck’s Depression Inventory BDI-II. The sample included 456 subjects – 337 controls, 43 patients with depressive episodes and disorders (19 – current episode mild and moderate, 24 – current episode severe), 26 patients with anxiety disorders including mixed anxiety and...

Temperament from a psychometric perspective: Theory and measurement Conceptualizations of temperament go back to the ancient Greek typology developed by Hippocrates (4th century BC) and Galen (2nd century BC). The latter author in his work De Temperamentis (Lat. temperare - to mix, to combine in a proper proportion) described nine temperaments amon...

The main goal of our study was to examine the role of temperament and coping styles in moderating the psychological costs of the traumatic event resulting from experiencing flood. The following hypotheses have been formulated: (a) emotional reactivity and perseveration should be regarded as predictors of PTSD, whereas briskness, endurance, and acti...

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of temperamental and environmental characteristics in process of adaptation in children after the extreme stress - flood disaster. Adaptive behavior after extreme stress were considered and measured as inverse measure of intensity of PTSD symptoms (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; APA, 1994). Temperame...

This study assesses the impact of temperament and trauma considered as predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms experienced during flood and coal mining accidents. Five samples were studied--one comprised of coal miners who experienced a mining catastrophe (N = 52) and four samples of flood victims (N = 1041), including 562 femal...

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of temperament and trauma considered as predictors of PTSD experienced under flood. Two samples were studied. In the first one composed of 384 subjects PTSD was assessed three and 15 months (N=321) after flood. In the second sample (N=378) PTSD was assessed two years after disaster and retrospectively f...

We studied 76 healthy monozygotic (MZ) and same-sex dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs (mean age 35 +/- 8 years, body mass index, BMI, 23.6 +/- 3.9 kg/m2) to determine genetic and environmental contributions to systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and serum lipids [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LD...

This study of 1555 adult mono- and dizygotic twins reared together estimates the heritability of temperament traits in a Polish and a German sample. We test whether the etiology of temperament traits differs between the two cultures and between different temperament traits. We assessed temperament traits with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour...

The study tested the hypothesis that with respect to the big five domains associated with temperament, agreement between self- and others' ratings is higher than with respect to other domains. The same was expected with respect to peer–peer agreement. There were two groups of subjects: self-raters (n=639) and peer-raters (n=1278). All subjects comp...

In this paper the psychometric properties of two basic versions of the Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), assessing J. Strelau's temperament dimensions, were compared in eight countries. 3,723 Ss (aged 14-85 yrs) provided data for the study. The versions were obtained under the combined etic-emic and derived-etic str...

Among the criteria for a personality paradigm the following three are the most crucial: biological basis (e.g., genetic contribution to the phenotypic variance), universality (existence of traits in different cultures) and reality (possibility to measure traits by different methods). The present study combines all three criteria to explore the impa...

Behavioral genetic studies have demonstrated the heritability of many variables taken to be measures of environment and previously thought to be determined only by environment. It has been also shown that personal variables may determine the appearance of stressors understood as life changes (events). The hypothesis underlying this study predicted...

This paper presents the process of construction of the Italian version of the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour–Temperament Inventory, the instrument which was originally developed in Polish. This questionnaire measures six temperamental traits, according to Strelau’s concept of temperament. The process of constructing the Italian version consist...

The aim of the study was to examine the role of six temperamental traits as measured by the Formal Characteristics of Behavior–Temperament Inventory [briskness (BR), perseveration (PE), sensory sensitivity (SS), emotional reactivity (ER), endurance (EN) and activity (AC)] in mediating event-related potentials and heart rate responses to visual stim...

A psychometric study has been conducted with the aim of testing the validity of the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour—Temperament Inventory (FCB—TI). FCB—TI has been constructed to measure six temperament traits according to the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT): Briskness, Perseverance (referring to the temporal aspect of behavior), Sensory...

A psychometric study has been conducted with the aims of revising the structure of temperament as postulated by the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT) and of constructing an inventory which corresponds to the RTT. A starting point for the study was the assumption that temperament refers to formal attributes of behaviour expressed in energetic a...

Investigated the effects of anticipated emotions on performance and aftereffects of performance in high and low reactive persons. Ss were 120 15- and 16-yr-olds selected on the basis of scores on a temperament inventory (J. Strelau, 1983). Ss were assigned to relaxation and nonrelaxation conditions and were asked to perform a serial-choice task. Af...