Bo Kong

University of Oklahoma | ou · College for International Studies

This study aims to explain why China has become a new coal champion of the world. From 2006 to 2019, our new data set shows that China has financed 14 percent of the newly installed coal fired power plants across 17 countries around the world. We deploy a ‘push and pull’ analytical model and combine both qualitative and quantitative analysis to exa...

This article examines the political economy of Chinese overseas development finance for coal fired power plants. In just over a decade China's two major policy banks provide more financing for overseas coal-fired power plant expansion than any other public financier in the world economy. We show how China's overseas surge in public financing for co...

This paper examines the puzzle of why China has thus far channeled a tiny fraction of its massive official development finance (ODF) for energy worldwide to solar and wind power. With a supply/demand analytical framework, our empirical analysis and field research show that both the foreign demand for Chinese ODF and the supply by the country’s two...

This pivot considers how China deals with the globalization of its energy companies in the face of global efforts to combat climate change. It examines how China, following its emergence as the world’s largest energy consumer and its resultant growing dependence on foreign energy, engages the world on energy, and its implications for global governa...

This chapter argues that the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) quest for modernization as manifested in the “two centenary goals” informs what China wants in the twenty-first century. To fulfill their role of the arms of the Chinese state, the country’s twin policy banks—China Development Bank (CDB) and China Export and Import Bank (CHEXIM)—constantl...

This chapter situates its query about the control mechanisms the Chinese state relies on to ensure its twin policy banks’ compliance with its priorities at home and abroad in the broad literature about organizational control. It finds that the Chinese state has put in place two types of control mechanisms over its twin policy banks—CDB and CHEXIM....

The global energy finance China provides through CDB and CHEXIM falls in the category of the country’s official development finance (ODF). To appraise the magnitude of Chinese ODF for foreign energy, this chapter has adopted the data set of China’s Global Energy Finance maintained by the Global Economic Governance Initiative (GEGI) of the Boston Un...

This chapter distills the central message, discusses its practical and theoretical implications, and delineates a future research agenda. The central message of the book is that China’s globalization of its development finance for energy through its twin policy banks is integral to its national drive toward modernization . Practically, while China’...

This chapter argues that the capacity of the Chinese state in mobilizing finance for its twin policy banks offers an indirect explanation for why CDB and CHEXIM comply with the state’s priorities. This capacity, as this chapter shows, manifests itself in the sovereign credit rating the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) and its successor Ch...

This article explores the magnitude, motivations, and mechanisms of the globalization of Chinese finance for energy. Like the national development banks and export–import banks of industrialized countries before them, China’s policy banks have provided large amounts of financing to Chinese energy companies to enter global energy markets. What is mo...

This paper examines the domestic sources of the internationalization of national oil companies (NOCs) in China and India. It argues that – counter to notions of state-led internationalization – the going abroad of NOCs reflects a pattern of ‘coopetition,’ i.e., the co-existence of cooperation and conflict between increasingly entrepreneurial NOCs a...

Drawing on cutting-edge research from leading scholars, this book investigates state preferences for regime creation and assesses state capacity for executing these preferences in Northeast Asia's energy domain, defined as the geographical area comprising the following countries: Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan, South Korea and North Korea. It exami...

China has recently begun promoting market-oriented policy instruments to reduce carbon emissions as part of its domestic climate strategy. A centerpiece of this new policy approach has been the launch of pilot carbon markets in seven distinct regions. Based on extensive field visits to all pilot markets under development, this analysis assesses the...

This article seeks to understand what role China can and will play in global energy governance by examining how its domestic energy context shapes the country's attitudes toward the multilateral, market and climate change aspects of global energy governance. It finds that China demonstrates a preference for bilateral/regional to multilateral energy...

Oil in China: From Self-Reliance to Internationalization. WeiLim Tai. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2009. 184 pp. $78.00. ISBN: 978-9814273763 Oil and Gas in China: The New Energy Superpower's Relations with its Region. WeiLim Tai. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2009. 190 pp. $75.00. ISBN: 978-9814277945 - Volume 203 - Bo Kong

This paper investigates why some energy decisions are made faster than others in a reformed and globalized China. This investigation uncovers five factors that determine whether a proposal becomes a decision in the Chinese political system: (1) associated benefits of the proposed decision for other policy problems; (2) presence of a consistent ‘iss...

This article argues China’s energy security challenges begin at home and many of them essentially boil down to its institutional problems. Specifically, it illuminates how the fragmentation and compartmentalization of the country’s energy decision-making system, the weak capacity of its energy regulatory capacity, and the insufficient liberalizatio...

Chinaâs energy insecurity largely originates from its constrained availability, questionable reliability, and uncertain affordability of its oil supplies. The countryâs fast industrialization and urbanization, together with demand for infrastructure and increasing popularity of automobiles, requires a lot of energy, but it consumes energy both inte...