B.K. Tripathy

VIT University | VIT · School of Information Technology and Engineering (SITE)

This work takes care of creation of a Chatbot for appropriate conversation with a user in a very specific manner on medical information and classification of user data to decide whether the user is affected by mental diseases in the form of disorders or not. On the spot preliminary diagnosis can be provided.

Nowadays a lot of fake videos and images are made with the help of various softwares and new AI technologies but leaves few hints of manipulation. There are a lot of unethical ways the videos can be used to threaten, fight, or create panic among people. It is important that these days people make sure that such ways are not used to make fake videos...

Garbage recycling is a key aspect of maintaining our environment in good condition. Poor waste management has the potential to have a significant negative effect on the environment, on public health, and on the economy of the nation. The garbage must be separated into groups with similar recycling processes to make the recycling process much more e...

Digitization has made the online business in the domain of core sector of metals, minerals and ores more competitive. A lot of web and mobile applications are available to make the process smooth. However, a user has to follow the price trend and analyse it in order to make the right choice. This and possible repetition of the process leads to its...

Deep generative models, such as deep Boltzmann machines, focused on models that provided parametric specification of probability distribution functions. Such models are trained by maximizing intractable likelihood functions, and therefore require numerous approximations to the likelihood gradient. This underlying difficulty led to the development o...

Garbage recycling is a key aspect of maintaining our environment in good condition. Poor waste management has the potential to have a significant negative effect on the environment, on public health, and on the economy of the nation. The garbage must be separated into groups with similar recycling processes to make the recycling process much more e...

Digitization has made the online business in the domain of core sector of metals, minerals and ores more competitive. A lot of web and mobile applications are available to make the process smooth. However, a user has to follow the price trend and analyse it in order to make the right choice. This and possible repetition of the process leads to its...

22nd December is celebrated as National Mathematics Day as a mark of respect to the celebrated Indian Mathematician Srinivas Ramanujan. This talk was organized by GIET, University, Gunupur, Odisha as apart of celebration of this day.

Garbage recycling is a key aspect of maintaining our environment in good condition. Poor waste management has the potential to have a significant negative effect on the environment, on public health, and on the economy of the nation. The garbage must be separated into groups with similar recycling processes to make the recycling process much more e...

The inception of genetic algorithms in the 80’s laid a strong foundation in the theory of optimization. Numerous engineering applications are rewarded with wings of optimal and faster solutions through suitable genetic modelling. So far, a handful of evolutionary algorithms and modelling have been introduced by researchers. This has led to vivid ap...

Artificial intelligence (AI) enables computers to execute tasks that are easy for people to perform but difficult to describe formally. It is one of the most-discussed technology trends in research and practice today, There is an imminent need for Explainable AI techniques that are accountable, fair, transparent and trust worthy without compromisin...

Brain Tumour Detection is one of the most significant and essential task in the field of medical science. Brain tumours are of two types; malignant (cancerous) and benign (non-cancerous). Early detection followed by appropriate treatment is instrumental in increasing the probability of the patient getting cured. Manual methods are mostly time consu...

The food industry is a multifaceted, global net of different commerce that conveyances most of the food disbursed by the world's inhabitants. The word ‘Food Industries’ shelters a chain of trade deeds concentrating on the manufacture, circulation, dispensation, alteration, preparation, preservation, transportation, endorsement and packaging of food...

Developers tend to waste a lot of time building a backend, which in turn extends the entire development cycle by several hours, consuming valuable time on additional complex tasks. In this article, an approach can be developed in which one has to observe and track down a reasonable method of making a rationale that invigorates human discourse to th...

Pests are very much harmful for crops and their number is increasing day by day. In order to control them several pesticides have been developed over the years. But, to apply pesticides, identification of their category and utility is highly essential. As a part of this process, we carry our study to compare the different methods of managing the pe...

Recognition of reliability of people entering into a system has been a vital downside in numerous business concerns. Biometrics, which provides recognition of personnel using their distinctive traits, has the potential to become an authentic approach and hence are irreplaceable as a part of several identification systems. Uni-modal biometric system...

Normally, big data refers to large and complex data sets that are derived from various sources and require new mechanisms for processing as existing mechanisms cannot handle such complex data (structured, semi-structured, and unstructured). Such type of data is growing rapidly in various sectors, and its interpretation and analysis is the need of t...

An uncertainty based model, parallel to the soft set (SS) model introduced by Molodtsov, was proposed by Smarandache in the form of hypersoft sets (HSS). The basic characteristic of both these models is that these are parametrized family of sets which are induced by the parameters involved. However, Smarandache had left open the basic operation on...

Optimization basically comes under two forms: Maximization or Minimization. These techniques are used in every sphere of life now days Knowingly or unknowingly all of us apply it even in our day to day activities. For example: Purchase some items from a market, Answering a Question paper, Scheduling a trip, Expenses in a private/public function, Co...

In this review, we intend to present a complete literature survey on the conception and variants of the recent successful optimization algorithm, Harris hawk optimizer (HHO), along with an updated set of applications in well established works. For this purpose, we first present an overview of HHO, including its logic of equations and mathematical m...

This edited book provides information on emerging fields of next-generation healthcare informatics with a special emphasis on emerging developments and applications of artificial intelligence, deep learning techniques, computational intelligence methods, Internet of medical things (IoMT), optimization techniques, decision making, nanomedicine, and...

Cover page of the book "Next Generation Healthcare Informatics" published by Springer Nature, Singapore

Nanotechnology has become one of the most sought after area of research currently. Increase in research in a new research field leads to mostly unorganized, heterogeneous, and huge volume of data. To take benefit from that huge amount of data, the necessity of informatics is paramount. To build nanoinformatics repositories, role of different decisi...

Cancer is a wide category of diseases that is caused by the abnormal, uncontrollable growth of cells, and it is the second leading cause of death globally. Screening, early diagnosis, and prediction of recurrence give patients the best possible chance for successful treatment. However, these tests can be expensive and invasive and the results have...

Artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things have revolutionized the perception of technology by the scientific world in the 21st century. All of us are surrounded by IoT technologies and data compulsive services that have an impact on a large variety of industries such as automobile, media, medicine, and so on. In particular, the farming ind...

Remote diagnosis systems are becoming increasingly popular and accurate, with enormous advantages such as cost-effectiveness, fast and reliable decision support for medical diagnostics, and treatment and prevention of diseases and other physical and mental damages in human beings. Thus we aim to create an affordable and accessible all-day chatbot f...

Confidence is the act of trusting yourself. During a job interview, showing that you trust yourself is critical because it can lead your interviewer to trust in you, as well. Projecting confidence in a job interview can be just as important as showing your skills. This project aims to develop a confident and unconfident image classifier which will...

Lung abnormality is one of the common diseases in humans of all age group and this disease may arise due to various reasons. Recently, the lung infection due to SARS-CoV-2 has affected a larger human community globally. We will be using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model with different segmentation algorithms applied to the X-ray scans and...

As per the requirements of the proposals, we need some chapter proposals from researchers outside India. This is only provisional as the chapter proposal is in the processing stage. It will be confirmed once accepted.

Optimization is basically comes under two forms: Maximization or Minimization. These techniques are used in every sphere of life now days. For example; it is used in purchase some items from a market, answering a Question paper, scheduling a trip, expenses in a private/public function, constructing a house, constructing a tin can and all shortest p...

In today’s world, the supply chain management sector plays a vital role in everyone’s life. During the recent times, the number of people or customers buying or ordering goods online has increased enormously. The management process of transformation of raw materials to finished goods can be termed as Supply Chain Management (SCM). The actors involv...

Supply chain is a network of organizations that includes retailers, wholesalers, carriers, producers, and clients. It should work firmly to increase the customer value. It necessitates that the entities should coordinate to share data and integrate them. However, the real universe and the ideal one for supply chain networks differ from each other....

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an eye disease and is caused by changes in retinal blood vessels. It is common in diabetes patients. Severity level of DR classified based on changes in the DR-lesions in the retina. Microaneurysms (MAs) is inflammation of walls of blood vessels inside the retina, and is an early indicator of Diabetic Retinopathy. In th...

Newspapers contain artistic components like headings, advertisements and different stylish posters, which are printed in such a way that text lines are oriented in differently and contain multi-font curved images. WordArt in Microsoft office is one such widely used tools for text multi-orientation, which can also stretch, skew, bend or modify the s...

CONTENTS 9.1 Introduction.. ..145 9.2 Blockchain. 146 9.3 Bitcoin. 149 9.4 Fundamental Technologies of Blockchain.. ............................... 149 9.5 Operations Involved in the Working of Blockchain..................... 150 9.6 Properties of Blockchain.............................................................. 150 9.7 Applications of Block...

Computers are very systemized and none of the procedures conducted by them are random. But computers are seldom required to generate a random number for many practical applications like gaming, accounting, encryption/decryption and many more. The number generated by the computer relies on the time or the CPU clock. A given computer can be programme...

Granular computing is an approach used in information sciences to look at data from different frames of reference. Meta clustering refers to clustering done iteratively with some part of data also keeps updating. When these two novel ideas are combined, interesting experiments can be performed. In this paper, we shall look at a new algorithm called...

Many industrial companies do not have e-commerce websites, they have struggled to fully embrace this strategy because of the complexities involved, particularly those related to distributor management, and thus they remain stuck at the pilot stage. Many those have it, do not fulfill all the user requirements like getting real-time prices of the pro...

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a crucial indicator to evaluate national economic development of a nation and the status of the macro-economy of a country. In the present work, we have proposed a novel approach for predicting India’s nominal GDP. Six new variables have been considered to predict the GDP of India for which a hybridised model compris...

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a crucial indicator to evaluate national economic development of a nation and the status of the macro-economy of a country. In the present work, we have proposed a novel approach for predicting India’s nominal GDP. Six new variables have been considered to predict the GDP of India for which a hybridised model compris...

Pests are very much harmful for crops and their number is increasing day by day. In order to control them several pesticides have been developed over the years. But, to apply pesticides, identification of their category and utility is highly essential. As a part of this process, we carry our study to compare the different methods of managing the pe...

Machine learning is quickly becoming an important tool for diagnosis and prognosis of various medical conditions. Complex input output mappings are dealt in deep learning, which is developed based on machine learning approach. Due to its efficiency and similarity to the working of the human brain, deep neural networks are a preferred method of proc...

Newspapers contain artistic components like headings, advertisements and different stylish posters, which are printed in such a way that text lines are oriented in differently and contain multi-font curved images. WordArt in Microsoft office is one such widely used tools for text multi-orientation, which can also stretch, skew, bend or modify the s...

Covid-19 is one of the biggest pandemics in the history of mankind. It has kept the modern world hostage for more than one and a half years now. Strict lockdown is creating more havoc in the minds of everybody. The decision of exiting from a lockdown and deciding the kind of strictness needed as per the scenario is not an easy task for any administ...

As there is no evidence of COVID-19 slowing down in several components of the world, maintaining “social distancing” (also mentioned as physical distance) between indoor and outside people is more vital than ever. It is counseled that two people keep a distance of 1.8 m (approximately, vi feet) apart. Python can be used to capture people and monito...

In recent times, the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has emerged as one of humanity’s most helpful technological gifts. With incredible development in data sciences, bigdata technologies, and embedded systems, today, it is possible to collect a huge amount of healthcare-related sensitive and personal data and store and compile it through cloud or...

Pandemics and epidemics are curses to human societiescausing a lot of loss in the form of precious lives. Theirprogress is sudden, and there is little preparedness. But,analysing them provides precious information needed to find their cause, develop preventives. Here, it is the researchers’ aim to analyse various pandemics and epidemics till date a...

People avoid initial hospital treatment that could turn into a major disease in the future. With rapid changes, remote or home-stationed diagnosis systems are becoming exponentially popular, featuring ample number of advantages like cost-efficiency, quick and authentic decision support for medical diagnostics, treatment and prevention of any physic...

Confidence means trust and a strong belief in something or someone. During an interview, demonstrating self-confidence, i.e., showing trust and faith in your own abilities can be the deciding factor for your success versus the other candidates. It is as important as showing your skills, as without self-confidence one cannot convince the interviewer...

Lung abnormality is a prevalent condition that affects people of all ages, and it can be caused by a variety of factors. The lung illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 has recently spread across the globe, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has labelled it a pandemic disease owing to its quickness. Covid-19 mainly attacks the lungs of those infected, r...

The implication of firefly and fuzzy firefly optimization algorithms has been greatly witnessed in clustering techniques and extensively used in applications such as Image segmentation and others. Parameters such as step factor and attractiveness have been kept constant in these algorithms, which affect the convergence rate and accuracy of the clus...

Weather conditions are essential to know what is about to happen. They often disrupt the day-to-day activities. In the field of computer vision, it is a difficult task due to the high diversity and the lack of distinguishable features that can be extracted from them. In this paper we propose an Image Embedding based Stacked Generalization (IESG) me...

Manual methods for the task of brain tumour identification and analysis require a high amount of domain knowledge, are expensive, time consuming, and at times, inaccurate. Artificial Intelligence plays a major role here as it can accomplish the same task via MRI segmentation in a less time-intensive manner while providing high accuracy. In this cha...

Covid-19 is one of the biggest pandemics in the history of mankind. It has kept the modern world hostage for more than one and a half years now. Strict lockdown is creating more havoc in the minds of everybody. The decision of exiting from a lockdown and deciding the kind of strictness needed as per the scenario is not an easy task for any administ...

Sign languages (SLs) are used to communicate with hearing impaired people. It is not easy to learn or use sign language. One can try learning the sign language but it will turn out to be expensive as you’ll have to attend classes to learn, also there are about 200+ sign languages that exist. Enough time is needed in learning the Sign Language. Indi...

The proposed deep learning architecture in this project helps us to automate the generation of text reports for Chest X-Ray images. From the results and the comparison metrics, it can be observed that the system is accurate, efficient and can assist medical professionals in a productive manner. Our model outperformed existing state-of-the-art model...

Monitoring social distancing regulations and manually checking people’s masks is most likely to lead to scarcity of resources, and is supposed to allow errors creeping in due to human intervention. There is an urgent need to solve the virus transmission by studying the ideal social distancing rules. This system includes the detection of people viol...

One of the major health concerns for human society is skin cancer. It accounts for one-third of all cancer diagnosed worldwide. When the pigments producing skin color turn carcinogenic, this disease gets contracted. A skin cancer diagnosis is a challenging process for dermatologists as many skin cancer pigments may appear similar in appearance. Hen...

One of the major health concerns for human society is skin cancer. When the pigments producing skin color turn carcinogenic, this disease gets contracted. A skin cancer diagnosis is a challenging process for dermatologists as many skin cancer pigments may appear similar in appearance. Hence, early detection of lesions (which form the base of skin c...

Mental health is the state of a person's well-being and coping with the ongoing situations and workload. Many people are not able to cope with things. Mental health is as important as our physical health. Many people go into depression or have very unhealthy coping mechanisms. Our main objective is to make everyone feel good and reassure them that...

Newspapers contain artistic components like headings, advertisements and different stylish posters, which contain multi-font curved images. WordArt in Microsoft office is one such widely used tools for text multi-orientation, which can also stretch, skew, bend or modify the shape of the text. This type of text is not horizontal and stylized through...

The approach is simple : Till now we have used chatbots as an effective tool for communication, more like an interface. And developer tools have mostly been GUI or TUI based, but rarely built out with such an interface. So the entire flow consists of three main parts, the first part is responsible for taking user input, the second part for interpr...

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative irreversible brain disorder that gradually wipes out the memory, thinking skills and eventually the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. The amount of AD patients is rapidly increasing due to several lifestyle changes that affect biological functions. Detection of AD at its early stages helps in the...

Machine Learning is quickly becoming an important tool for diagnosis and prognosis of various medical conditions. Complex input output mappings are dealt in Deep learning, which is developed basing upon machine learning approach. Due to its efficiency and similarity to the working of the human brain deep learning framework are preferred methods of...

In recent years, Deep Neural Networks and their variants have generated remarkable benchmarks in multiple domains spanning from natural language processing to computer vision. The study of intelligence is a broadly followed territory in academia and the construction of intelligent systems to aid humans in diverse tasks. This chapter elaborates upon...

In today's world, most of the things we buy, whether we talk about buying apparels, home decor or kitchen utensils, are through the online mode. E-commerce websites play a major role in providing a platform to the vendors for online selling of products. Generally, the process of selling the product on e-commerce websites passes through three steps;...

Isomap stands for Isometric mapping. It is another distance-preserving nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique that is based on spectral theory. This technique solves nonlinear dimensionality reduction by preserving the geodesic distances between the points in the lower dimension.

The need to identify groups exhibiting similarity within their data for exploratory data analysis in many areas of application is the motivation behind various clustering techniques. While traditional clustering algorithms such as k-means or single link age are widely used, spectral clustering has its own advantages. In this section we will discuss...

In this section we will discuss a computationally efficient approach to non-linear dimensionality reduction called the Laplacian Eigenmap, which has a natural connection to the spectral clustering method that we discussed in Chapter 10 [1]. As the name suggests, this algorithm uses the notion of Graph Laplacians to compute a low dimensional, neighb...

The world is currently witnessing unprecedented technological advancements that are changing the world in every way possible. We are already in the era of data, where the amount of data that is available and the rate at which data is being generated are outside of the realm of our imagination. The amount of data that is being created every second i...

In application areas such as computer vision and pattern recognition where the dataset not only has a large number of data points but also has data of very high dimensionality, PCA might not be a feasible technique as it becomes computation ally expensive to handle the entire data matrix [1]. In such cases, random projection proves to be a powerful...

After understanding the concept of dimensionality reduction and a few algorithms for the same, let us now examine some plots given in Figure 4.1. What is the true dimensionality of these plots? All dimensionality reduction techniques are based on the implicit assumption that the data lies along some low dimensional manifold. This is the case for th...

Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) is a spatial distance-preserving manifold-learning technique. That is, it attempts to find a lower dimensional non-linear manifold that represents the data points such that it preserves the spatial distance between the points in the higher dimensional space.

Dual Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a variant of classical PCA. The goal is to reduce the dimensionality of the dataset but at the same time preserve maximum possible information from the original dataset

Concisely, LLE has three major steps: identifying the neighborhood of the data points, finding the weights for reconstructing the data in that neighborhood, and lastly computing the coordinates best reconstructed by those weights in low dimension.

We have discussed various non-linear dimensionality reduction techniques that preserve the local structure of the data in a low dimensional space. While these algorithms very well preserve the local geometry of the data, they do not retain both the local as well as the global structure of the data in a single mapping onto the low dimensional space....

Principal Component Analysis (PCA), a feature extraction method for dimensionality reduction, is one of the most popular dimensionality reduction techniques. We want to reduce the number of features of the dataset (dimensionality of the dataset) and preserve the maximum possible information from the original dataset at the same time. PCA solves thi...

While the classical dimensionality reduction technique of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful and a widely used method for linear dimensionality reduction, it fails in the case of non-linear data. However, in non-linear cases, PCA can still be adapted by exploiting the kernel trick. This is done by generalizing the classical PCA to non...

Recently, many non-linear dimensionality reduction methods have been proposed to overcome the limitations of traditional methods like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). In all previous chapters, we have discussed various unsupervised dimensionality reduction techniques, from classical methods such as PCA to state...

This work comprises of the studying topological properties of multi-granular rough sets, algebraic properties of multi-granular rough sets and multi-granular approximations of classifications. The first chapter covers the aspect of knowledge discovery in databases in connection with the rough sets and granular computing. The real life application...

From past decade, the advancement in the field of RDF data management poses many challenges to researchers. Processing large volumes of RDF data is very difficult task in the cloud. The RDF data actually contains complex graphs along with large number of schemas. Distributing the RDF data with traditional approaches or partitioning them with conven...

In today's world, most of the things we buy, whether we talk about buying apparels, home decor or kitchen utensils, are through the online mode. E-commerce websites play a major role in providing a platform to the vendors for online selling of products. Generally, the process of selling the product on e-commerce websites passes through three steps:...

Soft set is one of the latest mathematical models to handle uncertainty. In a soft set, every element of its parameter set is associated with a subset of the universe of discourse under consideration. In recent times, soft set and its hybrid models have been used extensively to handle decision making problems with uncertain data. It's established t...

Granular computing is an approach used in information sciences to look at data from different frames of reference. Meta clustering refers to clustering done iteratively with some part of data also keeps updating. When these two novel ideas are combined, interesting experiments can be performed. In this paper, we shall look at a new algorithm called...

In this chapter, the authors discuss the use of quantum computing concepts to optimize the decisionmaking capability of classical machine learning algorithms. Machine learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, implements various techniques to train a computer to learn and adapt to various real-time tasks. With the volume of data exponentially...

Deep learning has significantly helped better results for visual-based speech recognition. However, the majority of the research works focus on improving only the training model’s architecture. But in this paper, we identify that enhancing the pre-processing techniques also causes a surge in the model’s accuracy. This paper presents architecture-le...