Bing Lin

National Aeronautics and Space Administration · Langley Research Center

A new technology for remote measurements of marine surface pressure has been proposed, employing a V‐band differential absorption radar and a radiometric temperature sounder to calculate the total column atmospheric mass. Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are performed to evaluate the potential impact of Spaceborne Marine Surface Pres...

A new technology for remote measurements of marine surface pressure has been proposed, employing a V-band differential absorption radar and a radiometric temperature sounder to calculate the total column atmospheric mass. Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) are performed to evaluate the potential impact of Spaceborne Marine Surface Pres...

By utilizing progress in millijoule-level pulsed fiber lasers operating in the 1.96 µm spectral range, we introduce a concept utilizing a spaceborne differential absorption barometric lidar designed to operate within the 1.96 µmCO2 absorption band for remote sensing of Martian atmospheric properties. Our focus is on the online wavelength situated i...

By utilizing progress in millijoule-level pulsed fiber lasers operating in the 1.96 µm spectral range, we introduce a concept utilizing a differential absorption barometric lidar designed to operate within the 1.96 µm CO2 absorption band for remote sensing of Martian atmospheric properties. Our focus is on the online wavelength situated in the trou...

A new instrument has been proposed for measuring surface air pressure over the marine surface with a combined active/passive scanning multi-channel differential absorption radar (DAR) to provide an estimate of the total atmospheric column oxygen content. A demonstrator instrument, the Microwave Barometric Radar and Sounder (MBARS), has been funded...

This study simulates V-band sea surface reflectance and normalized radar cross-section (NRCS) for sea surface air pressure barometry using a differential absorption radar operating at three spectrally even spaced close frequency bands (65.5, 67.75 and 70.0 GHz) with ± 15° cross-track scanning angle. The reflectance ratios of two neighboring frequen...

Frontal boundaries have been shown to cause large changes in CO2 mole‐fractions, but clouds and the complex vertical structure of fronts make these gradients difficult to observe. It remains unclear how the column average CO2 dry air mole‐fraction (XCO2) changes spatially across fronts, and how well airborne lidar observations, data assimilation sy...

To check the accuracy of column-average dry air CO2 mole fractions (XCO2) retrieved from Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) data, a similar quantity has been measured from the Multi-functional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) aboard aircraft flying underneath OCO-2 as part of the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT) – America flight campaigns. Here we d...

This study explores a new concept of Martian differential absorption Lidar operating at the 2‐μm CO2 absorption band for atmospheric CO2 and pressure observations. For the considered system, two or more closely spaced wavelengths are selected, so that environmental factors such as surface reflection, atmospheric scattering, and absorptions from oth...

The ACT‐America project is a NASA Earth Venture Suborbital‐2 mission designed to study the transport and fluxes of greenhouse gases. The open and freely available ACT‐America data sets provide airborne in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide, methane, trace gases, aerosols, clouds, and meteorological properties, airborne remote sensing m...

The Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT) – America NASA Earth Venture Suborbital Mission set out to improve regional atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) inversions by exploring the intersection of the strong GHG fluxes and vigorous atmospheric transport that occurs within the midlatitudes. Two research aircraft instrumented with remote and in situ s...

To check the accuracy of column-average dry air CO2 mole fractions (XCO2) retrieved from Orbiting Carbon Overvatory (OCO-2) data, a similar quantity has been measured from the Multi-functional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) aboard aircraft flying underneath OCO-2 as part of the Atmospheric Carbon and Transport (ACT)-America flight campaigns. Here we do a...

We present an evaluation of airborne Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) lidar measurements of atmospheric column CO2 mole fractions during the ACT-America project. This lidar system transmits online and offline wavelengths simultaneously on the 1.57111-µm CO2 absorption line, with each modulated wavelength using orthogonal swept frequency...

This study assesses surface air pressure remote sensing using a differential absorption radar at the 118 GHz O2 line. The considered system would have, at least two, closely-spaced frequency channels. Environmental impacts like surface reflections and absorptions from water vapor and other gases, and liquid water clouds on the radar signals of thes...

With nearly 1 million observations of column‐mean carbon dioxide concentration (X ) per day, the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO‐2) presents exciting possibilities for monitoring the global carbon cycle, including the detection of subcontinental column CO2 variations. While the OCO‐2 data set has been shown to achieve target precision and accura...

We present an evaluation of airborne Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) lidar measurements of atmospheric column CO2 mole fractions during the ACT-America project. This lidar system transmits online and offline wavelengths simultaneously on the 1.57111-um CO2 absorption line, with each modulated wavelength using orthogonal swept frequency...

Our knowledge about synoptic‐scale variations of atmospheric‐CO2 produced by interactions between midlatitude cyclones and regional‐scale surface fluxes remains limited due to the scarcity of observations. We synthesized observations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) with respect to frontal passages to understand how GHG distributions change vertically an...

Method for generating multi-orthogonal BPSK modulation for differential absorption and other applications such as mapping in lidar, sonar, and radar applications.

Improved remote sensing observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are critically needed to quantify, monitor, and understand the Earth’s carbon cycle and its evolution in a changing climate. The processes governing ocean and terrestrial carbon uptake remain poorly understood, especially in dynamic regions with large carbon stocks and strong...

This work describes advances in critical lidar technologies and techniques developed as part of the NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons CarbonHawk Experiment Simulator system for measuring atmospheric column carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratios. This work provides an overview of these technologies and results from rece...

Through theoretical analysis, optimal selection of frequencies for O2 differential absorption radar systems on air pressure field measurements is achieved. The required differential absorption optical depth between a radar frequency pair is 0.5. With this required value and other considerations on water vapor absorption and the contamination of rad...

Systems, methods, and devices may enhance the apparent sample rate of data collected using Nyquist sampling from a system, such as Continuous Wave (CW) Light detection and ranging (“Lidar”), Radio detection and ranging (“Radar”), or Sound Navigation and Ranging (“Sonar”), that has been modulated with a repeating waveform, such as linear swept frequ...

Reflected solar radiation from Earth’s ocean–atmosphere system can be significantly polarized by Earth’s surface and by atmospheric components such as air molecules and aerosols. Measurements of many satellite radiometric instruments have some dependence on the polarization state of the reflected light.

Global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements for the NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) space mission are critical for improving our understanding of global CO2 sources and sinks. Advanced Intensity- Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) lidar techniques are investigated as a means of facilitating CO2...

New objectively balanced observation-based reconstructions of global and continental energy budgets and their seasonal variability are presented that span the golden decade of Earth-observing satellites at the start of the twenty-first century. In the absence of balance constraints, various combinations of modern flux datasets reveal that current e...

A continuous wave Light Detection and Ranging (CW LiDAR) system utilizes two or more laser frequencies and time or range shifted pseudorandom noise (PN) codes to discriminate between the laser frequencies. The performance of these codes can be improved by subtracting out the bias before processing. The CW LiDAR system may be mounted to an artificia...

New objectively balanced observation-based reconstructions of global and continental energy budgets and their seasonal variability are presented that span the golden decade of Earth-observing satellites at the start of the twentyfirst century. In the absence of balance constraints, various combinations of modern flux datasets reveal that current es...

This study evaluates the capability of atmospheric CO2 column measurements under cloudy conditions using an airborne intensity-modulated continuous-wave integrated-path-differential-absorption lidar operating in the 1.57-μm CO2 absorption band. The atmospheric CO2 column amounts from the aircraft to the tops of optically thick cumulus clouds and to...

Sea level pressure (SLP) is an important variable in regulating hurricane motion. However, SLP generally cannot be measured in open oceans due to limited buoys. Because of the potential availability of an O2-band differential absorption radar for sea surface barometry, we investigate the value of assimilating various patterns of SLP from such a sys...

This is the second part on assessing the impacts of assimilating various distributions of sea-level pressure (SLP) on hurricane simulations, using the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) three dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR). One key purpose of this series of study is to explore the potential of using remotely sensed sea su...

This paper presents an overview of the methods for the retrieval of carbon dioxide (CO) and oxygen (O) column amounts and their associated path lengths measured by the Multi-Functional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) and the ASCENDS CarbonHawk Experiment Simulator (ACES). MFLL and ACES are multi-frequency, Intensity-Modulated, Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) Lida...

An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision altimetry with repeating intensity modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms using binary phase shift keying (BPSK), where the range profile is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return s...

The objectives of NASA's ASCENDS mission are to improve the knowledge of global CO sources and sinks by precisely measuring the tropospheric column abundance of atmospheric CO and O. The mission will use a continuously operating nadir-pointed integrated path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar in a polar orbit. The lidar offers a number of importa...

The ASCENDS CarbonHawk Experiment Simulator (ACES) is an Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave lidar system recently developed at NASA Langley Research Center that seeks to advance technologies and techniques critical to measuring atmospheric column carbon dioxide (CO) mixing ratios in support of the NASA Active Sensing of CO Emissions over Nights, D...

Moscone South Poster Hall ePoster-2014 AGU poster JC2.pdf Global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) measurements for the NASA Active Sensing of CO Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) space mission are critical for improving our understanding of global CO sources and sinks. Advanced Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) lidar techn...

The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in the digital lock-in detection for a space-borne swept-frequency Intensity-Modulated Continuous-Wave (IM-CW) CO Laser Absorption Spectrometer (LAS) has a direct influence on the accuracy of the CO measurement. According to the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method, we have theoretically analyzed a linear swept...

Some recent studies reported expansion of the Earth׳s tropical regime in the past few decades. The poleward expansion of the Hadley cell is a strong indication of the warming of the globe. The extent of Hadley cell also has very important implications to the climate of dry subtropical regions because of the prevalence of precipitation in the deep t...

An interpolation method is described for range measurements of high precision and altimetry using repeating intensity-modulated continuous wave (IM-CW) lidar waveforms, where the range is determined by means of a cross-correlation between the digital form of the transmitted signal and the digitized return signal collected by the lidar receiver. Thi...

A new modulation technique for Continuous Wave (CW) Lidar is presented based on Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) using orthogonal carriers closely spaced in frequency, modulated by Maximum Length (ML) sequences, which have a theoretical autocorrelation function with no sidelobes. This makes it possible to conduct multi-channel atmospheric different...

The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for remotely measuring surface air pressure. In one embodiment, the method of the present invention utilizes the steps of transmitting a signal having multiple frequencies into the atmosphere, measuring the transmitted/reflected signal to determine the relative received power level of eac...

A new development of on-board data processing platform has been in progress at NASA Langley Research Center since April, 2012, and the overall review of such work is presented in this paper. The project is called High-Speed On-Board Data Processing for Science Instruments (HOPS) and focuses on a high-speed scalable data processing platform for thre...

In this theoretical study, modulation techniques are developed to support the Active Sensing of CO 2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) mission. A continuous wave (CW) lidar system using sine waves modulated by maximum length (ML) pseudo-noise (PN) codes is described for making simultaneous online/offline differential absorption mea...

Satellite measurements of the Earth’s radiation budget have significant influences on the understanding of aerosols, cloud feedbacks, and atmospheric dynamics as well as other major climate physical processes and are critical for validations and improvements of climate models. Continuous, long-term radiation observations from satellite missions wou...

Improved knowledge of the Earth’s surface reflectance in the 1.57-micron spectral band is of particular importance for accurate Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) measurements and modeling of IPDA CO2 column measurements as required by the Active Sensing of CO2 Emission of Nights Days and Seasons (ASCENDS) Decadal Survey space mission....

Accurate global observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) with a laser-based space mission, such as the NASA ASCENDS (Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons) mission, are crucial to improving our understanding of global CO2 sources and sinks. This study focuses on modeling of the performance of a spaceborne laser abso...

NASA Langley, in collaboration with Exelis, is developing and demonstrating an intensity-modulated continuous-wave (IM-CW) Laser Absorption Spectrometer approach for the Active Sensing of CO2 Emission over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) space mission. A Multi-functional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) LAS system developed by Exelis has been used prev...

Understanding the carbon balance in the environment is critical to projections of the future evolution of the Earth’s climate. Large uncertainties in the forecast of future atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and carbon sources and sinks persist due to the limited set of observations from the current network of in-situ and surface measu...

The ASCENDS CarbonHawk Experiment Simulator (ACES) is a NASA Langley Research Center project funded by NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office that seeks to advance technologies critical to measuring atmospheric column carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratios in support of the NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) m...