Bilyana Martinovski

Group Decision and Negotiation Support Systems need to provide support for different types of communication activities. The purpose of this study is to identify and test cross-linguistic measures for recognition of communication activities in order to provide support for various forms of group decision and negotiation support systems, including e-n...

Both humans and Virtual Agents interact in intercultural environments. Both humans and Virtual Agents need to behave appropriately according to environment. This paper proposes a dynamic modular model of culture-based communication, which reflects intercultural communication processes and can be used in the design of life-like training scenarios. C...

This article explores the potential of interaction, conversation and discourse analyses of functions and manifestation of emotion in group decision and negotiation (GDN). It uses authentic data representing different kinds of GDN activities and aims to increase the understanding of the role of emotion not only in face-to-face interaction but also i...

The volume offers an exploration of methods for analysis of emotion in negotiation, such as cognitive modeling, discourse analysis, all testing, subsequent multidimensional scaling, impression rating, and graph modeling for conflict resolution, reasonable and unreasonable disagreement. It covers activities, such as business negotiation, conflict so...

The purpose of this paper is to explore how speakers enter each other’s reference frames during interactive decision-making and negotiation. It examines the relation between reciprocal adaptation, Interactive Alignment Theory and Theory of Theory-of-Mind by using ethno-methodological analysis of audio-recorded activities. The study concludes that p...

This paper calls for an ethical turn in communication. It offers a re-evaluation of Weaver’s metaphor on communication as exchange of information and develops Buber’s and Peters’ ideas on communication as manifestation of the ethical, where the ethical is described as openness to otherness and communication is viewed as a tension between reproducti...

The present paper explores reciprocal adaptation of emotion in conflict transformation and negotiation (Martinovski and Mao 2009, Martinovski 2010) by studying authentic discourse. It finds that reciprocal adaptation affects emotion in conflict transformation. It is most evident in empathy exchanges and realizes as direct and opposite reciprocity....

Contemporary research on negotiation and group decision support systems (see the chapter by Lewis, this volume) pays a special attention on emotion as a factor in restructuring and reframing of problem representation and solution (Barry, Group Decis Negotiation 17:97–105, 2008; Druckman and Olekalns, Group Decis Negotiation 17:1–11, 2008). It invol...

The purpose of this paper is to present a model of emotion in negotiation, which reflects the active role emotions play in decision taking as modifiers of theory-of-mind models, goals and strategies. The model is based on empirical studies of human interaction in different activities such as plea bargains, simulated negotiations, doctor patient con...

In this paper we contrast three architectures for natural language questioning characters. We contrast the relative costs and benefits of each approach in building characters for tactical questioning. The first architecture works purely at the textual, using cross-language information retrieval techniques to learn the best output for any input from...

We present a new approach for rapidly developing dialogue ca- pabilities for virtual humans. Starting from domain specifica- tion, an integrated authoring interface automatically generates dialogue acts with all possible contents. These dialogue acts are linked to example utterances in order to provide training data for natural language understandi...

We present Hassan, a virtual human who en-gages in Tactical Questioning dialogues. We describe the tactical questioning domain, the motivation for this character, the specific ar-chitecture and present brief examples and an evaluation.

This paper presents a model for simulating cultural differences in the conversational behavior of virtual agents. The model provides parameters for differences in proxemics, gaze and overlap in turn taking. We present a review of literature on these factors and show results of a study where native speakers of North American English, Mexican Spanish...

Three mutually exclusive theoretical explanations have been proposed to describe how Theory of Mind processes work, namely by imitation, by simulation or by representation. This paper claims that all three theories are correct and that the realization of empathy in discourse is a good source of evidence for that. Instead of being three exclusive th...

Trust is a crucial quality in the development of individuals and societies and empathy plays a key role in the formation of trust. Trust and empathy have growing importance in studies of negotiation. However, empathy can be rejected which complicates its role in negotiation. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of empathy by focusing on reject...

Mitigation plays an important role in various social activities. It involves emotional, strategic, and pragmatic processing. This paper presents an activity-based framework for empirical discourse analysis of mitigation in public environments such as Swedish and Bulgarian courtroom examinations. Mitigation is defined as a pragmatic, cognitive, and...

This paper uses linguistic activity-based dialogue analy-sis in order to characterize, evaluate and compare activi-ties. We find that human-human and human-machine interaction via radio are equally efficient but offer differ-ent styles of learning and instruction.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical model of mitigation by integrating cognitive and discourse ap-proaches to appraisal and coping. Mitigation involves stra-tegic, emotional, linguistic, and Theory of Mind processes on different levels of consciousness. We emphasize that discourse analysis can assist our understanding of these pro...

Trust is a crucial quality in the development of individuals and societies and empathy plays a key role in the formation of trust. Trust and empathy have growing importance in studies of negotiation. However, empathy can be rejected which complicates its role in negotiation. This paper presents a linguistic analysis of empathy by focusing on reject...

We present a virtual human doctor who can engage in multi-modal negotiation dialogue with people from other organizations. The doctor is part of the SASO-ST system, used for training for non-team interactions.

This paper describes the development of a multi-modal corpus based on multi-party multi-task driven common goal oriented spoken language interaction. The data consists of approximately 10 hours of audio human simulation radio data and nearly 5 hours of video and audio face-to-face sessions between human trainees and virtual agents.

This paper reviews nine available transcription and annotation tools, considering in particular the special difficulties arising from transcribing and annotating multi-party, multi-modal dialogue. Tools are evaluated as to the ability to support the user's annotation scheme, ability to visualize the form of the data, compatibility with other tools,...

this paper is to contribute to the understanding and predictability of identifications of speaker and addressee in radio mediated organization of work

this paper, although I 16 more than just hesitation sounds, especially if the hesitation sounds are 'known' by the program to be e.g. only 'e1', '1', 'e:' and 'm1', as in our case. Not only that, but 'e1' is sometimes used by the transcriber and probably even by the speakers as a sound for the verb 'är' ("is"), and not as a hesitation sound; howeve...

This paper presents an empirical qualitative analysis of eliciting, giving and receiving empathy in discourse. The study identifies discursive and linguistic features, which re-alize cognitive, emotive, parallel and reactive empathy and suggests that imitation, simulation and representation could be non-exclusive processes in Theory of Mind reasoni...

This paper focuses not on the detection and correction of specific errors in the interaction between machines and humans, but rather cases of massive deviation from the user's conversational expectations and desires. This can be the result of too many or too unusual errors, but also from dialogue strategies designed to minimize error, which make th...

Intercultural communication involves also communication between different religions and forms of spirituality, including secularism. Are there different marketing strategies in secular and non-secular societies? We address this issue by studying the influence of Islam on international advertisement strategies. Islam has a tremendous impact on almos...

Stereotypes are the labels used to recognize overge neralised positive or negative features of specific social groups, or types of individuals. St ereotypes are seldom completely false and must have an element of social recognition. With th e continuous growth of technology of information and communication the world has become more globalised and a...

How are models of each other and ourselves created, maintained and altered? This paper explores the answer to this question by studying the realization of coping and mitigation strategies in discourse of blame. We use coping strategies such as active coping with stressor, avoidance, prevention, and acceptance to structure the discursive analysis of...

Intercultural communication and meetings with new cultures play a significant role in the process of globalization. In that context, initial greetings are important as they affect first impressions and as they give the first emotional tone of a relationship. What factors affect initial greetings in a more profound way, national culture and language...