Bill St. ArnaudSt. Arnaud-Walker and Associates Ltd · Engineering
Bill St. Arnaud
PhD (hon)
About
84
Publications
7,609
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Introduction
Bill St. Arnaud is a consultant and research engineer who works with clients around the world on a variety of subjects such as next generation Internet networks and developing practical solutions to reduce CO2 emissions such as free broadband and dynamic charging of eVehicles. He is an author of many papers and articles on these topics and is a frequent guest speaker. (See http://green-broadband.blogspot.com/)
Additional affiliations
May 1993 - November 2011
CANARIE Inc
Position
- Chief Research Officer
Description
- Research into next generation Internet architectures and applications and Green IT computing and networking
Education
June 2010 - June 2010
January 1975 - January 2020
September 1970 - June 1974
Publications
Publications (84)
Extra-terrestrial civilizations that chose to broadcast information might select a method that mimics by electromagnetic means what the classic von Neumann probe would achieve with physical probes using astrophysical masers/lasers and gravitational lensing
Universities and Colleges can tap into Green bond funds issued by local or national governments to underwrite costs of research and network infrastructure
Self replicating optical and RF signals using gravitational lenses or other techniques may be a possible method for extra-terrestial civilizations to propagate time capsulses across our galaxy and beyond
Many universities and research institutes are looking to use Green Bond Funds for deployment of new buildings and research infrastructures. This paper explains some of the opportunities and challenges of such funding. ICT which uses up to 40% of electrical power in typical university building is the low hanging fruit. Using solar power disconnected...
Preparing for Climate Change for RE&I networks
The availability of low cost power from distributed solar panels can be used to network equipment, sensors and other devices that constitute the Internet of Things. The power can be routed to various devices using the data channel as a power conduit such as Power over Ethernet, USB, Cat 5 cabling, etc. Techniques used for Software Defined Networkin...
Paradoxically the suburban lifestyle may be a partial solution to addressing the challenge of global warming. With dynamic charging of electric vehicles, these vehicles can be used as mobile energy storage. The eVehicle battery is charged enroute to office or home from roadside solar arrays and then used as main energy source at the destination
The planet is already committed to a 2C temperature increase and possibly higher in the coming decades. This will result in severe climate disruption of which the biggest impact will be on the electrical grid. Networks and universities need to develop climate change preparedness plans to increase resiliency for these expected disruptions. New netwo...
Environmental risks for data centers for Quebec and Federal Governments
An overview of future challenges and opportunities for R&E networks
Architectural framework for designing zero carbon Internet networks
Dynamic charging of electrical vehicles, will allow eVehicle to become a packet based energy transport system in addition to transporting humans and goods. Rather than charging vehicle at home or the office it is charged while it moves and thereby becomes an energy source at its destination at home or the office
Electrical energy cost and its reliability are increasingly the two biggest concerns for most data center operators
This talk will focus on the latest developments on alternate energy sources and power reliability for data centers
But consideration of power issues and reliability also impacts data and network architecture of data center
Architecture for Global Lambda Integrated Facility
Environmental scan of emerging technologies for Cybera network
Nowadays, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is becoming one of the most challenging research topics in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) because of the overwhelming utilization of electronic devices. Current solutions mainly focus on energy efficiency for saving power consumption at the micro level. Large-scale energy managemen...
Environmental scan for JANET UK on RE&I network architectures
As cost of power from solar panels continues to plummet new power and data routing protocols are needed to use intermittent power from these devices and route the power over low power data links as opposed to the electrical grid. Rather than using expensive storage clever integration of data and routing will allow seamless use of intermittent renew...
ABSTRACT User - controlled optical networks play a key role in supporting electronic transfer of the enormous volumes of data generated in emerg ing e - science experiments The ability of users to manage their own resources enables provisioning of bandwidth - guaranteed tunnels on demand without the costs associated with conventional managed servic...
Green communication systems and, in broader terms, green information and communications technologies have the potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. This article provides an overview of two issues related to achieving the full carbon abatement potential of ICT. First, green communications research challenges are discu...
As one of the first worldwide initiatives provisioning ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) services entirely
based on renewable energy such as solar, wind and hydroelectricity across Canada and around the world, the GreenStar Network
(GSN) is developed to dynamically transport user services to be processed in data centers built in prox...
This is a background document on the issues related to what is called Usage Based Billing (UBB) that is now being implemented by many telephone and cable companies as part of their Internet service offerings.
This paper is intended to address the more general issue what are the true costs of delivering streaming content over the Internet, particula...
Green Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) have the potential to significantly curb greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. This paper provides a rationale for focusing ICT research and development efforts on curbing GHG emissions as opposed to only targeting energy efficiency goals. ICT's potential as a GHG emission reduction agent is des...
With the rapid and growing volume of green house gas (GHG) we may soon cross a tipping point where there may be dramatic climatic catastrophes such that governments will be forced to order the shutdown of coal powered electrical production or mandate carbon neutrality across all sectors of society. On the other hand, in the event of such a developm...
Entering 2010 is a turning point in the debate on global climate change, in which the focus is rapidly moving from a scientific analysis of how human activity affects climate to a political discussion on how best to regulate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions so as to lessen the human and environmental toll of global climatic disruption. Policymakers i...
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the advantages of using the UCLP software for network operators, advanced and regular end users in the research networking community. Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides an example of the deployment of UCLP in the GÉANT2/National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) scenario, and...
Emerging grid applications desire not only high bandwidth but also the ability to control the topology and traffic engineering of the underlying networks, through Web service interfaces. To achieve that goal, we present an advanced user controlled lightpath provisioning (UCLP) system, where network resources and grid resources are both modeled as W...
The present paper discusses the design and application of GridX1, a computational grid project which uses shared resources at several Canadian research institutions. The infrastructure of GridX1 is built using off-the-shelf Globus Toolkit 2 middleware, a MyProxy credential server, and a resource broker based on Condor-G to manage the distributed co...
The layer 1 virtual private network (LlVPN) technology supports multiple user networks over a common carrier transport network. Emerging L1VPN services allow: L1VPNs to be built over multiple carrier networks; L1VPNs to lease or trade resources with each other; and users to reconfigure an L1VPN topology, and add or remove bandwidth. The trend is to...
IntroductionTraditional Communications Services ArchitectureGrid Architecture as a Service PlatformNetwork Services Architecture: An OverviewGrid Network Services ImplicationsGrid Network Services and Network ServicesGrid Network Service ComponentsNew Techniques for Grid Network Services ProvisioningExamples of Grid Network Services PrototypesDistr...
IntroductionAdvantages of customer-owned dark fiber/municipal fiber to different users and businessesDeployment of municipal fiber networksCost analysisOperation and managementSummary
Customer owned and managed optical networks bring new cost-saving benefits. Two types of such networks are becoming widely used: metro dark fiber networks and long-haul leased wavelength networks. Customers may invoke a special QoS mechanism where end-to-end lightpaths are dynamically established across multiple independently managed customer domai...
Customer owned networks first started about 10 years ago when organizations started purchasing dark fiber in the metro area. More recently they are now starting to extend their customer owned optical networks greater distance through the purchase of point to point wavelengths and/or construction of dedicated DWDM networks. Customer owned fiber is d...
Emerging data-intensive Grid applications call for service-oriented layer 1 virtual private networks (VPNs) as their data plane. Layer 1 VPNs are created by dividing a physical network into web service enabled partitions. In this paper, we introduce the concept of fundamental lightpath, and propose that a fundamental lightpath be taken as the basic...
Grid computing is an attempt to make computing work like the power grid. When you run a job, you shouldn't know or care where it runs, so long as it gets done within your constraints (including security). However, in attempting to accomplish this, Grid researchers are presenting network access patterns and loads different from what has been typical...
The proliferation of ocean observatories without internationally agreed-upon standards for instrument/user interfaces and observatory control functions is inhibiting interoperability and utilization of disparate datasets. This is in turn limiting the scientific impact of ocean observatories and increasing their operating costs. Hardware-based stand...
One of the primary goals of the CA*net 4 network is to provide end users with the ability, on a peer-to-peer basis, to provision, manage, and control the routing of their own lightpaths across the network without the need to signal or request services from any central network management authority or server. A novel approach to such end-user managem...
During the past years it has become evident to the technical community that computational resources cannot keep up with the demands generated by some applications. As an example, particle physics experiments produce more data than can be realistically processed and stored in one location (i.e. several Petabytes/year). In such situations where inten...
Local area network technology has evolved rapidly in speed and distance coverage. In this paper, we report on the first transatlantic
native ”local area network” built using 10 Gigabit Ethernet technology. The article introduces 10 Gigabit Ethernet as defined
by the IEEE 802.3ae standard and describes tests carried out with the 10 GE WAN PHY in the...
The proliferation of ocean observatories in the absence of agreed-upon standards for instrument and user interfaces and observatory control functions will constrain interoperability and cross-linking of disparate datasets. This will in turn limit the scientific impact of ocean observatories and increase their operating costs. Devising hardware-base...
Grid applications call for high performance networking support. One attractive solution is to deploy Grids over optical networks. However, resource management in optical domains is traditionally very rigid and cannot successfully meet the requirements of Grid applications, such as flexible provisioning and configuration. In this paper, we present a...
Customer owned and managed optical networks bring new cost saving benefits and management challenges. This paper will describe the design of a network management system for user-managed end-to-end lightpath provisioning across multiple independently managed domains. The management system has three functional layers: resource management layer, custo...
Multi-domain resource sharing is the fundamental feature of computing and data grid applications. In this paper, we address the issue of multi-domain optical network resource sharing and present a network management system designed for end-to-end lightpath provisioning across multiple independently managed domains. Our network management system, ca...
There is a growing trend for many large enterprises and other users to acquire their own dark fibers and/or point-to-point wavelengths in condominium network architectures. These customer-owned and -managed networks have necessitated the development of a new set of optical network management tools and protocols. These tools and protocols are based...
The development of LambdaGrid for E-Science by TransLight is discussed. A 10Gbps lambda between major cities in North America and across the Atlantic Ocean costs about $120/hour. E-scientists and other programmers need greatly improved protocols such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) needed mainly for congestion control on shared routed ne...
Motivation for the WDD project comes primarily from the following two areas:
• making use of the expected proliferation of optical bandwidth, and
• addressing some of the issues surrounding inter-procesor communication in distributed computing environments, particularly wide-area distributed computing environments.
Four key functional requirements are identified in peer-to-peer optical networking: resource discovery and inter-domain routing protocol, symmetric inter-domain signaling mechanism, autonomous blocking control, and data plane or physical layer internetworking
This paper has outlined a method (called OBGP) of extending BGP to
support lightpath setup and management across an optical network. The
development of OBGP has been discussed by reviewing current BGP behavior
and design requirements for OBGP. An implementation of OBGP using
simulation tools has been presented, along with initial test results,
whic...
Wavelength disk drives (WDD) is a novel new concept to address the inter-processor communication issues of distributed computing networks often referred to as grids or peer to peer computing. The inter-processor communications of such computing architectures in many cases is severely limited by the throughput performance of TCP, as well as by class...
A few years ago it was expected that wide area technologies such as ATM would be the unifying protocol to integrate LAN and WAN networks. However ATM largely failed to penetrate the LAN market. But now the tide may be turning. LAN based technologies, particularly high speed variations of Ethernet are poised to invade the WAN. Ethernet based network...
The Internet continues to experience phenomenal growth with traffic volumes doubling approximately every year. It is postulated in this paper that there are in fact two drivers causing this growth – increased usage and an increasing number of connections to the Internet. The number of connections “N” is defined by the number of simultaneous TCP or...
The Canadian Network for the Advancement of Research, Industry, and Education is a nonprofit, industry-led corporation principally funded by the Canadian government. CANARIE's mission is to foster the development of the information society in Canada. It funded the country's original Internet backbone, CA*net, which was similar in concept to NSFnet...
As customer owned dark fiber networks combined with low cost WDM systems become prevalent, “customer empowered” optical network architectures where the customer controls the optical routing using exterior routing protocols may be possible. OBGP is a proposed extension to BGP for the manipulation of OXCs to permit them to be automatically setup and...
This document describes the architectural and engineering issues of building a wide area optical Internet network as part of the CANARIE advanced networks program. Recent developments in high density Wave Division Multiplexing fiber systems allows for the deployment of a dedicated optical Internet network for large volume backbone pipes that does n...
RF OAM may have some unique applications in RF signaling especially for new multi-spectral coding techniques, search for SETI and in the remote detection of bombs, land mines and IEDs.
By combing RF OAM with Nuclear Quadrapole Resonance (NQR) it may be possible to overcome many of the limitations of NQR at the moment for detecting explosives. NQR...
Recent developments such as CWDM, 10xGigabit Ethernet and MPLS for layer 3 restoral and protection is allowing service providers and regional networks to deploy high speed long haul optical networks without the need for managed SONET or DWDM services from a carrier. The increasing availability of dark fiber from a number of competitive service prov...
Recent developments in optical network technology, plus the extension of well-known LAN architectures from the desktop to the neighbourhood and beyond, are allowing the deployment of very low cost, very high bandwidth optical networks for the carriage of Internet traffic. These developments will also allow schools, universities, banks, ISPs and oth...
An optical network architecture based on IP over dense WDM (DWDM) promises to lower the costs and reduce management complexity by eliminating ATM and SONET layers. The defining characteristic of optical Internets is that the network link layer connections are dedicated wavelengths on a DWDM optical fiber directly connected to a high-performance net...
Recent developments in high density Wave Division Multiplexing fiber systems allows for the deployment of a dedicated optical Internet network for large volume backbone pipes that does not require an underlying multi-service SONET/SDH and ATM transport protocol. Some intrinsic characteristics of Internet traffic such as its self similar nature, ser...
Recent developments in high density Wave Division Multiplexing fiber
systems allows for the deployment of a dedicated optical Internet
network for large volume backbone pipes that does not require an
underlying multi-service SONET/SDH and ATM transport protocol. Some
intrinsic characteristics of Internet traffic such as its self similar
nature, ser...
A secure audio channel transmission system method and apparatus in which an FM signal is generated on an FM broadcast frequency, such as 107.5 Megahertz, divided in frequency by 2 and distributed via a cable television system to subscribers equipped with frequency doubler circuits that reconstitute the FM signal fro reception on a standard FM broad...
Customer owned and managed optical networks bring new cost saving benefits. Their technical challenges and the design for a customer's management tool are presented.
eVLBI is likely to be one of the most demanding applications for advanced optical networks. Given the long durations and large flows associated with eVLBI, a dedicated discipline specific optical network may be required. An early prototype of such a eVLBI network is the MERLIN project in the UK and the upcoming LOFAR system in the EU. CANARIE has a...
Questions
Question (1)
As yet there has been no discovery of extra terrestrial intelligent signals. Part of the problem may be the short life span of intelligent communicating civilizations. Rather than looking for direct communications maybe we should be looking for "ET graffiti" . If there was a way to perpetually regenerate optical transmissions using natural processes distant civilizations may be tempted to make such transmissions
