Bienvenido Ortega

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• PhD and MA, Economics
• Full Professor at University of Malaga

The liberalization of capital flows is generally associated with prospects of higher growth. However, in developing countries, opening the capital account may also facilitate the flow of capital out of the country through illicit financial flows (IFFs). Given that IFFs drain the scarce public resources available to finance the provision of public g...

Purpose This paper aims to analyse empirically the association between flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), net official development assistance (ODA) inflows and trade-related illicit financial outflows. Design/methodology/approach With this purpose, a linear model was estimated, using different panel-data estimators, and using a database for...

This study proposes a methodology to construct a Tourism Economic Dependence Index for a sample of 144 countries spanning the period 1995-2019. This index aims to serve as a summary measure of countries' dependence on tourism while controlling for differences in economic development levels across countries. Findings suggest that an index value of 2...

Background: Illicit financial flows (IFFs) drain domestic resources with harmful social effects, especially in countries which are too poor to mobilise the revenues required to finance the provision of essential public goods and services. In this context, this article empirically examined the association between IFFs and the provision of essential...

This article analysed the relationship between illicit financial flows (IFFs) and human development, as measured with the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI), using data for 56 low- and middle-income countries for the period 2002–2013. The main result was that, in the cluster of the most corrupt countries, the total effect of an annual 10%...

When an analyst employs spatially disaggregated data (data for units of area) and certain aspects of homogeneity or cohesion are attributed to these spatial units, these areas are being converted into regions. As a result, the analyst is engaging, by definition, in regional analysis (Isard 1956).

Regional disparities in well-being are a component of overall inequality in quality of life among individuals. These disparities emerge when there are regions that perform better than others, leading to an uneven distribution of wellbeing across spatial units. Thus, regional inequalities are present when researchers, through regional analysis, obse...

CBA is a framework employed to assess both the social and private costs and benefits of a project (program, scheme, intervention, or policy) with the aim to determine whether the project is desirable from the social welfare perspective. In order to assess the welfare change attributable to the project (i.e., the project’s net benefit to society as...

CEA is a decision making framework used to compare alternative projects or programs, aimed at the same objective(s), based on the monetary costs of obtaining a specific level of output or outcome, which is already considered worthwhile (i.e., a benefit). CEA is used to select which alternative project maximizes benefit at a given level of cost or,...

The main aim of this article was to analyze the relationship of income inequality and government effectiveness with differences in efficiency in the use of health inputs to improve the under-five survival rate (U5SR) in developing countries. Robust Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and regression analysis were conducted using data for 47 developing c...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether hotels that use a revenue management system (RMS) outperform non-RMS-users in a context of decreasing demand. Design/methodology/approach A database of chain hotels with a rating of three or more stars was used to estimate MANOVA and ANOVA models to analyse the role of RMSs in hotel performan...

The aim of this article was to analyse how corruption affects the convergence process in human development across countries. With this aim, the period 1990-2012 was analysed using the Human Development Index, raw data on life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, GNI per capita, and the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transp...

The objective of this paper is to offer evidence on the effects of corruption on human development. With this aim, cross-country growth models have been estimated in which the growth rates of the three components of the Human Development Index (HDI) in the period 2000–2009 are regressed on a set of conditioning factors such as perceived corruption...

This paper attempts to determine the relationship between quality and productivity in the hospitality sector. Although both variables are crucial to the competitive and value creation processes in hotels, few empirical studies have explicitly analyzed the relationship between them. Thus, we estimated a production function for a hotel sample that sh...

CBA is a framework employed to assess all of the social and private costs and benefits of a project (program, scheme, intervention, or policy) with the aim to determine whether, and eventually to what extent, the project is desirable from the social welfare point of view. To this end all costs and benefits must be quantified and converted into mone...

CEA is a decision-making framework used to compare programs with similar or equal objective(s), based on both their costs and their effectiveness in obtaining a specific outcome which is already considered worthwhile. CEA is used to select which alternative program maximizes effectiveness at a given level of cost or, alternatively, minimizes the co...

When an analyst employs spatially disaggregated data (data for units of area) and certain aspects of homogeneity or cohesion, from the perspective of the dimensions of well-being under study, are attributed to these spatial units, these areas are being converted into regions. As a result, the analyst is engaging, by definition, in regional analysis...

Regional disparities in well-being are a component of overall inequality in quality of life among individuals. These disparities emerge when there are regions that perform better than others in terms of human development. This then leads to an uneven distribution of quality of life across spatial units. Thus, regional inequalities are present when...

This paper analyses the evolution and determinants of regional labour productivity in the hospitality industry in Spain during the period 1996–2004. The results obtained suggest that the main factors contributing to a fall in productivity growth are the increasing number of 3-star hotels and a reduction in the stock of physical capital per worker....

The aim of this paper is to analyze the determinants of labour productivity growth in the hospitality industry in Spain using regional data over the period 1996-2004. The results obtained suggest that the increase in the number of 3-star hotels and the reduction process in the stock of physical capital per worker are factors which may have contribu...

Using a linked employer–employee data set, this study estimates a production function for a sample of seventy Spanish hotels. This function, which identifies the main labor productivity determinants, leads to the conclusion that the more productive hotels in Andalusia are those older than twelve years, have three or more stars, belong to a chain, a...

The first aim of this paper is to analyse the main tendencies in employment and regional labour productivity in the Spanish hospitality sector in the period 1987-2004. A second purpose is to analyse the main determinants of sectoral labour productivity. The estimation of an augmented production function is used to this end. This function includes,...

This paper analyses the impact on sectoral labour productivity growth caused by the increase in the use of temporary employment contracts in Spain over the period 1987–2000. With this aim, we estimate a production function model in which effective labour is represented by the shares of permanent, temporary and self-employed workers. Results suggest...

Analysing the factors that have an impact on workforce efficiency is a key point in the analysis of hotel management. Using a linked employer-employee dataset, this study estimates a production function for a hotel sample that establishes the main labour productivity determinants. This analysis investigates to what extent observable differences in...

El estudio de los factores que influyen en la eficiencia en la utilización del factor trabajo en la provisión de servicios hoteleros es un punto clave en el análisis de la gestión de los establecimientos. Con este fin este trabajo propone la estimación de una función de producción para una muestra de hoteles que permita señalar los principales dete...

This article proposes a methodology to assess the efficiency of the European Union Structural Funds (SF) operations using two alternative approaches: first, by a unit cost analysis of the programme’s output indicators; second, by the comparative study of the tendering, contract-awarding and implementation costs of a sample of projects. This methodo...

The aim of this article is to estimate the contribution of different types of gender segregation on the wage gap in the hospitality sector. Matched employee-employer data is used. The data source includes information on 181 hotels and 121 restaurants in Andalusia. These contributions are obtained assuming both equal returns of the observable variab...

This article estimates the contribution of different types of gender segregation to the wage difference between men and women in the hospitality industry. Matched employer-employee data from a sample of hotels and restaurants in Andalusia are used to this end. The data source includes information on 181 hotels and 121 restaurants. Impacts on the wa...

The aims of this article are to analyze the determinants of educational mismatch and worker mobility across occupations and firms in the hospitality industry. The educational mismatch is measured comparing the worker’s maximum level of attained education and the educational level needed to perform his or her job. A representative survey of 3,314 em...

El crecimiento de la tasa de ocupaci�n ha sido la �nica fuente de crecimiento econ�mico en Andaluc�a en los �ltimos a�os. Adem�s, si en el periodo 1987-1994 la diferencia entre las tasas de crecimiento medias anuales de la productividad del trabajo en Andaluc�a y Espa�a fue de 0,48 puntos porcentuales, dicha diferencia se ha ampliado a 0,77 puntos...

Evaluations of regional welfare conventionally rely on gross value added (GVA) per capita as an indicator of living standards. This paper attempts to readdress the regional welfare issue by using alternative composite indicators in the context of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Indices. Evidence is presented regard...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the regional determinants of hard-to-fill vacancies and skills shortages in the hospitality sector. The data source for this study was generated in the year 2000 and includes information on 181 hotels and 121 restaurants in Andalusia. The results of the estimations show that hourly net wages are the main instrume...

Evaluations of regional welfare conventionally rely on GVA per capita as an indicator of well-being. This paper attempts to re-address the regional welfare issue using alternative indicators to per capita income. With this aim, a database for the Spanish regions (NUTS II) has been constructed for the period 1980 to 2001 and an augmented version of...

Evaluations of regional welfare conventionally rely on Gross Value Added (GVA) per capita as an indicator of well-being. This paper attempts to re-address the regional welfare issue using alternative indicators to per capita income. With this aim, a database for the Spanish regions (NUTS II) has been constructed for the period 1980–2001 and an augm...

The authors estimate the impact on wages of educational mismatch and other components of workers' human capital for a cross-section of 3,314 wage earners in 181 hotels and 121 restaurants in Andalusia. The estimated results show that there is a positive wage premium to over-education in the sector, but also that particular types of education - spec...

Convencionalmente las evaluaciones sobre el bienestar en las regiones utilizan como indicador de nivel de vida el PIB por habitante. Este trabajo trata de aportar una perspectiva distinta acerca del bienestar regional mediante la utilización de indicadores alternativos. Con este propósito se ha construido una base de datos para las Comunidades Autó...

Este documento resume las principales conclusiones de la evaluación intermedia del Programa Operativo Integrado de Andalucía 2000-2006 (POIA) que viene regulada en el artículo 42 del Reglamento 1260/99. La evaluación intermedia se configura como una obligación desde el punto de vista jurídico o reglamentario, así como una herramienta de análisis de...

Los objetivos de este trabajo consisten en analizar los determinantes del desajuste educativo y el efecto de la sobreeducación sobre la movilidad de los trabajadores. Con este fin se ha utilizado una base de datos generada en el año 2000 correspondiente a 3.314 trabajadores de la hostelería en Andalucía. Los análisis econométricos muestran que los...

The objectives of this paper are to analyse the determinants of educational mismatch and the effect of overeducation on workers’ occupational mobility. With these aims, a cross-section of 3,314 workers from the hospitality sector in Andalusia has been used. The econometric analyses shows that workers can compensate for their shortfall in education...

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el impacto del desajuste educativo de los trabajadores en los rendimientos de la educación y los salarios. Con este propósito se ha utilizado una base de datos que contiene información para el año 2000 acerca de 3.314 trabajadores asalariados en 181 hoteles y 121 restaurantes con más de 7 trabajadores en A...

The objetive of this piece of work is to estimate the returns to overeducation and infraeducation for those people who are working in the hospitality sector in Andalusia. Using a cross-section of workers from a representative survey carried out with European funds (project IFD97-0858), we compare educational attainment of workers and job-required e...

The aim of this paper is to analyse the projects within the Community Initiative Interreg II Spain-Morocco (1994-1999) designed to develop cross-border cooperation. This work does not attempt a full evaluation of the programme.It is a preliminary study necessary to develop a final evaluation from a "bottom-up" perspective. Accordingly, its contribu...

El objetivo de este artículo es desarrollar una metodología que permita obtener estimaciones de consumo, renta y ahorro de dos grupos de hogares: aquellos cuyo sustentador principal tiene más de 64 años y el conjunto de los hogares. Estas estimaciones se obtienen en este trabajo a partir de los microdatos proporcionados por las Encuestas Básicas de...

The aim of this article is to analyze, from an aggregate perspective, the differences in personal saving rates among the Spanish regions at the NUTS II level from 1986 to 1994. In accordance with the postulates of the life cycle hypothesis, we present the main economic determinants for personal saving rates obtained from an aggregate personal savin...

The aim of this article is to analyze, from an aggregate perspective, the differences in personal saving rates among the Spanish regions at the NUTS II level from 1986 to 1994. In accordance with the postulates of the life cycle hypothesis, we present the main economic determinants for personal saving rates obtained from an aggregate personal savin...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial disparities (at NUTS III level) in the household savings rates. We include in our model the level of personal income and its composition in three income categories: wages and salaries, income form self-employment and unearned income and transfer payments. Additionally, we test the hypothesis that, all...

The objectives of this article are to analyse the determinants of educational mismatch and the effect of overeducation on workers' occupational mobility. With these aims, a cross-section of 3,314 workers generated in 2000 from the hospitality sector in Andalusia has been used. The econometric analysis shows that workers can compensate their shortag...

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar, desde una perspectiva agregada, las diferencias existentes entre las tasas de ahorro de las familias en las Comunidades Autónomas (CC.AA.) españolas. Para ello, a partir de un modelo agregado de ahorro familiar derivado de los postulados de la Hipótesis del Ciclo Vital y de un panel de datos, corres...

The aim of this paper is to study, from a regional aggregate perspective, the household savings behaviour. With this purpose, first, it is shown the differences in personal saving rates across Spanish Comunidades Autonómas (CC.AA.) and remarked the relative importance of the different income sources in the composition of personal gross disposable i...

El objetivo de este artículo es estimar la contribución de los distintos tipos de segregación de género en la diferencia salarial en la hostelería. Se emplean datos emparejados trabajador-establecimiento. La base de datos incluye información de 181 hoteles y 121 restaurantes de Andalucía. Estas repercusiones se obtienen suponiendo rendimientos igua...

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar de forma separada la contribución de la segregación horizontal y vertical en la diferencia salarial de género en la hostelería. Dicha estimación se lleva a cabo desde una perspectiva territorial, distinguiendo entre distintas zonas turísticas de Andalucía. Se emplean datos emparejados trabajador-esta...

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar los factores que determinan la existencia de vacantes difíciles de cubrir y con déficit externo de cualificaciones en el sector de la hostelería andaluza. A partir de la información contendia en la base de datos generada para el año 2.000 por el proyecto de investigación "Déficit de cualificaciones,...