Bianca N.I. Eskelson

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• PhD
• Professor at University of British Columbia

We examined the dynamics of aboveground forest woody carbon pools — live trees, standing dead trees, and down wood — during the first 6 years following wildfire across a wide range of conditions, which are characteristic of California forest fires. From repeated measurements of the same plots, we estimated change in woody carbon pools as a function...

Forest wildfires consume fuel and are followed by post-fire fuel accumulation. This study examines post-fire surface fuel dynamics over 9 years across a wide range of conditions characteristic of California fires in dry conifer and hardwood forests. We estimated post-fire surface fuel loadings (Mg ha⁻¹) from 191 repeatedly measured United States na...

Forest wildfires consume and redistribute carbon within forest carbon pools. Because the incidence of wildfires is unpredictable, quantifying wildfire effects is challenging due to the lack of prefire data or controls from experiments over a large landscape. We explored a quasi‐experimental method, propensity score matching, to estimate wildfire ef...

Forest inventories based on field surveys can provide quantitative measures of regeneration such as density and stocking proportion. Understanding regeneration dynamics is a key element that supports silvicultural decision-making processes in sustainable forest management. The objectives of this study were to: 1) describe historical regeneration in...

British Columbia experienced three years with notably large and severe wildfires since 2015. Multiple stand-replacing wildfires occurred in coastal–transitional forests, where large fires are typically rare, and thus, information on post-fire carbon is lacking. Because of their carbon storage potential, coastal–transitional forests are important in...

Literature around climate change adaptation in forestry has repeatedly called for climate-sensitive growth and yield models. We suggest that these ‘climate-sensitive’ models should have particular statistical characteristics in order to make effective, accurate predictions of future forest conditions. Growth and yield models also need to match the...

Wildfires are increasing in frequency and severity due to climate change, posing challenges to forest ecosystems, including the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. Interior Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) is a species of great cultural, ecological, and economic importance, necessitating the investigation of post‐wildfire...

Background In response to increasing risk of extreme wildfire across western North America, forest managers are proactively implementing fuel treatments. Aims We assessed the efficacy of alternative combinations of thinning, pruning and residue fuel management to mitigate potential fire behaviour and effects in seasonally dry forests of interior B...

Climate change has driven forest growth modellers to develop different climate sensitivity implementations (CSIs) for their models. Among others, a model can rely on annual climate variables or average climate variables, such as 30-year normals. The novelty of this study was to develop a framework based on lifetime analysis to enable annual or aver...

Due to their high variability, the growth responses of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) stands to fertilization have been regarded as unresponsive or inconsistent. Tree-level fertilization response models for western hemlock were constructed to clarify the inconsistent stand-level responses, using extensive datasets from the United...

We assessed the impacts of three approaches to thinning from below with varying spatial patterns on several stand and individual tree variables for interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), interior spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea engelmannii Engelm.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex Loud. va...

Restoring current ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex P. and C. Laws)-dominated forests (also known as “dry forests”) to spatially resilient stand structures requires an adequate understanding of the overstory spatial variation of forests least impacted by Euro-American settlers (also known as “reference conditions”) and how much contemporary...

Tree recruitment is affected by numerous biotic and abiotic factors, including climate. However, the relative importance of climate variables in empirical models of tree recruitment remains to be evaluated. We fitted models of tree recruitment to 26 species in the province of Quebec, Canada. For a better understanding of the recruitment process, we...

There is an increasing interest in mixed conifer-broadleaf stands as a way to increase the diversity and productivity of managed forests. This study examined the impacts of varying densities of planted broadleaf trees on conifer performance, total stand productivity, and understory plant cover 20 years after stand establishment. The study took plac...

Soil degradation has been of great concern for New Brunswick's potato farmers, especially on sloped land and shallow soils. In this study, we evaluated the initial response of labile soil carbon (C) fractions (permanganate oxidizable C (POXC) and particulate organic C (POC)) and aggregate stability to two integrated best management practices (BMPIs...

Understanding the spatial patterns of trees and their interactions can reveal the ecological processes driving forest stand structure and stand development over time. We assessed temporal changes in tree spatial patterns in uneven-aged interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) dominated stands in central British Colu...

This study sought to gain insight into the impact of thinning treatments on stand structure dynamics in uneven-aged interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) dominated stands in central British Columbia (BC), Canada. We applied the Gini coefficient (GC) and the growth dominance coefficient (GDc) to determine how size...

Understanding climate as a driver of low- to moderate-severity fires in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone of Canada is a priority given predicted and observed increases in frequency and severity of large fires due to climate change. We characterised historical fire-climate associations using 14 crossdated fire-scar records and tree-ring proxy reconstr...

Forest canopies can buffer seedlings from extreme climate conditions. Yet, how disturbed forest canopies influence microclimate is not well understood, despite the important implications of microclimate for seedling establishment and post-disturbance successional trajectories. Better understanding of the relationship between a forest canopy and sub...

Changing climates are altering the structural and functional components of forest ecosystems at an unprecedented rate. Simultaneously, we are seeing a diversification of public expectations on the broader sustainable use of forest resources beyond timber production. As a result, the science and art of silviculture needs to adapt to these changing r...

Understanding climate as a driver of low- to moderate-severity fires in the Montane Cordillera Ecozone of Canada is a priority given predicted and observed increases in frequency and severity of large fires due to climate change. We characterised historical fire-climate associations using 14 crossdated fire-scar records and tree-ring proxy reconstr...

Propensity score matching (PSM) and distance-adjusted PSM enable estimation of causal effects from observational data by selecting controls that are similar to treated observations in terms of environmental covariates and spatial locations. Quantifying effects of natural disturbances such as wildfires often encounters limited availability of observ...

Monocultures tend to yield higher total stand volumes and are simple to manage. Yet, mixed species stands may result in similar stand volumes while providing benefits such as mitigating damage from insects and disease. To understand the effects of stand density and species mixture and their interactions on stand yield, tree size and morphology, and...

As the frequency and size of wildfires increase, accurate assessment of burn severity is essential for understanding fire effects and evaluating post-fire vegetation impacts. Remotely-sensed imagery allows for rapid assessment of burn severity, but it also needs to be field validated. Permanent forest inventory plots can provide burn severity infor...

Inequality in the spatial distribution of urban greenspaces occurs globally, with greater greenspaces in neighbourhoods with higher socioeconomic status. This is problematic, as greenspaces provide numerous ecosystem services, including benefits to human health. However, greenspaces can also trigger allergenic responses, inducing negative economic,...

Invasive plant species can impact conservation of biodiversity, cause human health problems, and be costly to control. Prevention is the most cost-effective management strategy, but to develop successful prevention strategies, managers and planners must understand why and where invasive plant species occur. Here, our objectives were to: (1) examine...

Effective management of invasive plants conserves biodiversity values, reduces economic costs, and minimizes negative impacts on human health. Fostering people’s awareness of invasive plants is one of the most cost-effective approaches in preventing the spread and introduction of invasive plants. Therefore, this study aims to understand (1) people’...

To investigate drought influences on mixed-severity fire regimes in montane forests of southeastern British Columbia, we developed a Douglas-fir latewood-width chronology and tested its associations with drought records across the fire season. Associations were strong between drought and latewood-widths particularly for June–August. Based on the ch...

Avian bioacoustics research was greatly assisted by the introduction of autonomous recording units, which not only allow remote monitoring but also make large-scale studies possible. However, manual inspection of acoustic recordings becomes more challenging with increasingly larger datasets. In this study, we developed a logistic model to predict t...

The United States national inventory program measures a subset of tree heights in each plot in the Pacific Northwest. Unmeasured tree heights are predicted by adding the difference between modeled tree heights at two measurements to the height observed at the first measurement. This study compared different approaches for directly modeling 10-year...

This study was conducted to address the relationship between socio-economic variables and invasive plant species occurrence in parks and natural areas in two cities of Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Invasive plants inventory data in parks and natural areas were acquired from the cities of Surrey (surveyed in 2014–2016) and Coquitlam (su...

This study was conducted to quantify growth responses of three major commercial conifer species (lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson), interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), and spruce (white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and hybrid spruce (Pic...

We compared three monthly adaptations of the daily Drought Code (DC) of Canada’s Fire Weather Index System and applied them to interpret drought conditions associated with historical fires in montane forests of south-eastern British Columbia. The three adaptations were compared with the monthly mean DC calculated from daily values for the Palliser...

Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/56300

This study developed a stand table projection system for interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco) in British Columbia, Canada. Simulation data, obtained by running PrognosisBC (with 150 year projections) using input derived from 140 permanent sample plots, were utilized for model construction. First,...

Wildfires are a common disturbance event in the Canadian boreal forest. Within event boundaries, the level of vegetation mortality varies greatly. Understanding where surviving vegetation occurs within fire events and how this relates to pre-fire vegetation, topography, and fire weather can inform forest management decisions. We used pre-fire fores...

Free copy available on Treesearch: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/54675------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Thermal regimes of forested headwater streams control the growth and distribution of various aquatic organisms. In a western Oregon, USA, case study we exam...

Free copy available on Treesearch: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/49088 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Rural residential development in forests of Oregon and Washington continues to be a key driver of land use change. This type of development can have a vari...

LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) is an emerging remote-sensing tool that can provide fine-scale data describing vertical complexity of vegetation relevant to species that are responsive to forest structure. We used LiDAR data to estimate occupancy probability for the federally threatened marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus) in the Oregon...

Background/Question/Methods A thorough understanding of forest wildfire effects at landscape-level scale is necessary to understand the impact of wildfire on carbon budgets and ecosystem recovery. While there is general agreement that forest wildfires decrease live tree biomass and increase snag biomass, the impact of forest wildfire on coarse wo...

Microclimate variables such as air temperature and relative humidity influence habitat conditions and ecological processes in riparian forests. The increased relative humidity levels within riparian areas are essential for many plant and wildlife species. Information about relative humidity patterns within riparian areas and adjacent uplands are ne...

Riparian areas are extremely variable and dynamic, and represent some of the most complex terrestrial ecosystems in the world. The high variability within and among riparian areas poses challenges in developing efficient sampling and modeling approaches that accurately quantify riparian forest structure and riparian microclimate. Data from eight st...

• Aims Six sampling alternatives were examined for their ability to quantify selected attributes of snags and hardwoods in conifer-dominated riparian areas of managed headwater forests in western Oregon. • Methods Each alternative was simulated 500 times at eight headwater forest locations based on a 0.52-ha square stem map. The alternatives were...

Background/Question/Methods Ecosystem responses after fire have been analyzed for individual fires and small groups of fires in the Pacific Northwest and Southwest. A regional analysis of ecosystem recovery after forest wildfire with regards to live and dead trees and down woody detritus is lacking. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data provide...

Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium species) influence many processes within forested ecosystems, but few studies have examined their distribution in relation to climate. An analysis of 1549 forested plots within a 14.5 million ha region of southeast Alaska provided strong indications that climate currently limits hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium t...

Foresters face new and evolving challenges as society reconsiders the balance of its interests between wood production and the provision of ecosystem services in the management of forests. Whatever paths this process may take, sound and broad-based decisions will continue to require accurate and relevant measurements of current forest conditions an...

Understory vegetation communities are critical components of forest ecosystems. As a result, the importance of modeling understory vegetation characteristics in forested landscapes has become more apparent. Abundance measures such as shrub cover are bounded between 0 and 1, exhibit heteroscedastic error variance, and are often subject to spatial de...

Predictive models of microclimate under various site conditions in forested headwater stream – riparian areas are poorly developed, and sampling designs for characterizing underlying riparian microclimate gradients are sparse. We used riparian microclimate data collected at eight headwater streams in the Oregon Coast Range to compare ordinary krigi...

Snags (standing dead trees) are an essential structural component of forests. Because wildlife use of snags depends on size and decay stage, snag density estimation without any information about snag quality attributes is of little value for wildlife management decision makers. Little work has been done to develop models that allow multivariate est...

Foresters face new and evolving challenges as society reconsiders the balance of its interests between wood production and the provision of ecosystem services in the management of forests. Whatever paths this process may take, sound and broad-based decisions will continue to require accurate and relevant measurements of current forest conditions an...

Cavity tree and snag abundance data are highly variable and contain many zero observations. We predict cavity tree and snag abundance from variables that are readily available from forest cover maps or remotely sensed data using negative binomial (NB), zero-inflated NB, and zero-altered NB (ZANB) regression models as well as nearest neighbor (NN) i...

Free copy available on Treesearch: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/33623------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Almost universally, forest inventory and monitoring databases are incomplete, ranging from missing data for only a few records and a few variables, common f...

Free copy available on Treesearch: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/34557------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Information on current forest condition is essential to assess and characterize resources and to support resource management and policy decisions. The 1998...

Temesgen, H. 2009. Imputing mean annual change to estimate current forest attributes. Silva Fennica 43(4): 649–658. When a temporal trend in forest conditions is present, standard estimates from paneled forest inventories can be biased. Thus methods that use more recent remote sensing data to improve estimates are desired. Paneled inventory data fr...

The Forest Inventory and Analysis program (FIA) of the US Forest Service conducts a nationwide annual inventory. One panel (20% or 10% of all plots in the eastern and western United States, respectively) is measured each year. The precision of the estimates for any given year from one panel is low, and the moving average (MA), which is considered t...

Free copy available on Treesearch: https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/33143------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Many growth and yield simulators require a stand table or tree-list to set the initial condition for projections in time. Most similar neighbour (MSN) appro...