Bhubaneswor Dhakal

• Doctorate
• University of Otago

Despite documented associations between childhood area-level socioeconomic status (SES), residential mobility and health, studies in this domain rarely use lifecourse study designs. This study examined temporal patterns of four residential mobility typologies based on area-level SES exposure from birth to 16 years. We devised four main residential...

The empirical method of controlling the confounding effects of two endogenous variables in outcomes variables is demonstrated in the article: "Modified inverse propensity weighting method to alleviate estimation errors of the model with multiple endogeneity variables. VOLUME 12, 102513, JUNE 2024. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2023.102513 This...

Multiple mental health disorders affect on decisions of people. The disorders are also outcomes of other factors. Health studies commonly follow an inverse propensity weight (IPW) method to address estimation errors associated with the presence of one confounder or covariate number exceeding the recommended sample size. However, approaches of IPW a...

Public lands including forests and community pastures are still crucial means of local livelihood, social security, and environmental conservation in many developing countries including Nepal. However, these resources are increasingly managed primarily to offset the greenhouse gas emissions of developed countries. The new management has exacerbated...

This study investigated associations between change in the food environment and change in measured body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) birth cohort. Using Geographic Information Systems to link the data, our findings suggest that cohort members who experienced the greatest propo...

Objective Long-term studies following disasters are rare. It is important to quantify long-term effects of disasters to determine impacts on populations over time. We therefore aim to report the long-term associations between exposure to the Canterbury earthquakes and common mental disorders, taking into account potential confounding factors. Meth...

Many measures of international policies and support have dictated developing countries to upscale land areas of intact forestry, special biodiversity conservation site, and other wild reserves to half the land territory of the nation by 2050 for resulting environmental, and other benefits to global societies. The international initiations and work...

OBJECTIVE Firesetting in children is thought to be an indicator of severe conduct problems in young people. However, no research has examined whether childhood firesetting is also associated with increased risk of externalizing and suicidal behaviors in adulthood. METHOD Data were obtained from a longitudinal study (n = 1265). Childhood firesettin...

Objective: Knowledge surrounding the link between childhood adversity and reproductive outcomes at midlife is limited. The present study examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment (childhood sexual abuse [CSA], childhood physical punishment [CPP]), and menopause status at age 40. Methods: Data were gathered from female members of t...

Rapid growth of environmental problems, economic volatilities, and social changes have increased the scopes of adopting environmentally friendly and resilient production systems. Regenerative farming and forestry practices are such systems appropriate for mountain communities in Nepal. They had performed better with indigenous resources, institutio...

Many critical problems are intensified in rural Nepal despite the policy advice and financial support from international agencies to alleviate them. This study attempted to explain the causes and policy solutions to the problems based on secondary sources of data and the authors’ insights. It identified that international agencies involved actively...

This study assesses the potential impacts of Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES) of mountain agricultural landscapes, with a specific focus on the implications for Nepalese farming women, who have triple roles (managers, workers, and users) with ecosystems goods and services (ESs). It utilizes data of mixed sources: direct observations in the fie...

Aim Over the past decade, paradoxes have emerged in the skin cancer prevention and sunburn reduction literature. These include that individuals with higher sun protection knowledge; lower positive attitudes towards tanning; and who are users of sunscreen have higher odds of sunburn. It is also possible that sunburn paradoxes may be associated with...

Consumption of cannabis (often called "marijuana") has both harm and benefit. Uses of the cannabis products in scientifically appropriate amount and frequency provide medical, therapeutic and recreational benefits. People tend to use the substance repetitively mainly for euphoria. The cannabis contains cannabinoids including delta-9 tetrahydrocanna...

This presentation describes drivers of indigenous practices of mountain land resource management and how foreign interventions affected the land resources management and local communities. It provided strong evidence that the international development support agencies (multilateral agencies, bilateral agencies and INGOs) institutionally locked the...

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

The random experience method investigating climate change: Instruments of meteorological data collection in the mountain are mostly stationed either on hillsides or in valleys. The data cannot well represent the state of climatic changes in transitional agro-ecological belts in the surroundings. Moreover, the human’s stresses experienced from clim...

Aims: Personal cannabis use is common across New Zealand, and an upcoming referendum will enable the public to vote on whether this should be legalised. The present research aimed to examine the attitudes of midlife New Zealand adults on cannabis use and legalisation, and to identify potential predictors of those attitudes. Methods: At age 40, 8...

Background and aims: Little is known about how cannabis use over the life course relates to harms in adulthood. The present study aimed to identify trajectories of cannabis use from adolescence to adulthood and examine both the predictors of these trajectories and adverse adult outcomes associated with those trajectories. Design: A latent trajec...

Ongoing global changes can make unprecedented alterations in the state of some natural resources and their ecosystems services (ESs), especially in mountain agricultural landscapes. Considering the risk suggested by the Millennium Ecosystems Assessment, this study collected descriptive (qualitative) data in Nepalese mountain farming communities thr...

Decision support tools (DSTs) for invasive species management have had limited success in producing convincing results and meeting users' expectations. The problems could be linked to the functional form of model which represents the dynamic relationship between the invasive species and crop yield loss in the DSTs. The objectives of this study were...

Nepal has a long history of returning public forests to local people as part of its community forestry programme. In principle the community forestry programme is designed to address both environmental quality and poverty alleviation. However, concern has been expressed that forest policies emphasise environmental conservation, and that this has a...

Recreation is an important environmental service provided by many planted forests. The value of this service, however, is not well known. For policy makers and land managers to make informed decisions on planted forest management for multiple benefits, they need to recognise the value of the environmental services provided. The objective of our stu...

In Nepal, many rural households need access to public forest resources to complement private resources for food and livestock production. However, current forest policies are largely directed at environmental protection. The first part of this study identified the effect of current forest policy on livestock production using survey data from 259 ho...

This study examined utilization problems of community forest products (firewood and timber quantity harvested, and fodder collection days) on an institutional model. The data for this study were collected from forest user groups of three mid hill districts in Nepal. The results showed that the problems and practices of product utilization were dete...

While there has been a large increase in investment in plantation forestry in New Zealand by smallholders during the past decade, there are still many smallholders who have chosen not to become involved in this land use or who are using only a portion of their potentially planted land for forestry. To understand why this is the case, this paper stu...

Control of weeds, particularly pasture weeds, may be important to New Zealand agriculture. However, the impact is hard to assess because there is limited information on the range of weed species and the rates of infestation. Existing estimates suggest that the economic impacts run to hundreds of millions of dollars, if not more, and this is support...

Replaced with revised version of poster 8/13/08.

The present article examines the relationship between community forest management policies on the one hand, and income and unemployment in rural areas of Nepal on the other, by modeling the effect of forest management constraints on community forest use. Current government policy dictates the use of all community forestland for environmental conser...

Oppressed groups’ problem in collective management of resource is examined in the case of Kami’s (Blacksmith) access to charcoal in community forests in Nepal. A field survey shows that almost a half forest user groups have excluded the Kami for charcoal collection. In the government policies, rights of households with special needs are not clearly...

This research studies the effects on income and employment when externally imposed policies constrain use of common forest reso urces. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, the study examines the impacts of cons ervation-oriented community forest policies in Nepal on three household income groups. The results show that current community f...

The study examines the importance of community forest resources for income and employment in rural areas of Nepal by studying the effect of current forestry policy on forestland use. Using data from 259 households in six community forest user groups in three hilly districts (Dolakha, Kavre and Nuwakot), the results show that the resources available...

Abstract The paper examines changes in livestock farming associated with community forestry (CF) in Nepal. Based on surveys of 259 households from 6 community forest user groups (CFUGs), and a survey of 64 CFUGs in three mid-hill districts in Nepal, the paper concludes that forage production and availability has decreased with the commencement of C...

Common forests in developing countries are valuable sources of raw material supplies, employment and income generation, particularly for low income households. This paper looks at the effect on income and employment when common forest resources have external policies that constrain their use. Using a mixed-integer linear programming model, this stu...

Thesis (M. Appl. Sc.) -- Lincoln University, 2000.

This study examined the effects of existing community forestry policy on household and community income and employment in Nepal. Alternative policies to address income and employment problems are also assessed. To analyse the problem a linear programming model for welfare maximization was developed. The model was used to examine the effects of seve...

In New Zealand the involvement of smallholders has increased in forestry plantations in response to policies and market changes during last few years. This study examines the factors determining having forests and extent of land use in plantation forestry (if planted) for these smallholders. Data collected via a mail survey of 349 landholders from...