Bhaiya Khanal¹

Nepal Bioheritage Forum for Resources Conservation / Worked at Natural History Museum of Tribhuvan University Nepal for more than 30 years · Zoology

A survey for the diversity of Rhopalocera at the Mizoram University (MZU) campus was carried out in selected areas with different habitat types. Pollard walks sampling method was adopted, and 16 randomly selected permanent line transects were established in three different sites. The length of the studied transacts was 500 m and the breadth was a r...

A survey for the diversity of Rhopalocera at the Mizoram University (MZU) campus was carried out in selected areas with different habitat types. Pollard walks sampling method was adopted, and 16 randomly selected permanent line transects were established in three different sites. The length of the studied transacts was 500 m and the breadth was a r...

Pradhan, N. and Khanal, B. (2023): Bryophyte diversity and associated invertebrate communities along altitudinal habitats in Sindhupalchok District of central Nepal. Frahmia 35:1-9. 1 This study brought a list of 100 bryophyte species divided into 13 orders, 36 families, and 60 genera. Bryofloral environments displayed invertebrates, predominantly...

The population of Troides aeacus aeacus is declining due to habitat threats in many parts of central Nepal. The population survey was done by direct observation with a random walk in the morning sun from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m., considering its appropriate months of appearance. There was no issue with counting repetition since this species appeared in si...

Except for their taxonomy, distribution and ecology, little research has been done on toxic moths. Gazalina species (Family: Notodontidae, Subfamily: Thaumetopoeinae) reported in Nepal has toxic hairs that cause severe infection when they come into contact with human eyes. Three species of Gazalina have been recorded in Nepal which includes G. chry...

Purpose Seasonal Hyperacute Panuveitis (SHAPU), is a mysterious blinding disease seen only in Nepal with a higher prevalence among children usually seen in autumn every alternate odd year since 1975. This report highlights the sporadic summer outbreak in the even years with atypical presentation. Observations Three patients were diagnosed as SHAPU...

Parnassius epaphus Oberthür, 1879, a member of the snow Apollo group, is generally distributed within the elevation range of 3500-5454 m in South Asian Countries and SW Chinese mountains. However, its lowest record was made at 2300 m in Jumla and Mugu districts of Midwest Nepal. This butterfly has its distribution gaps in many pockets of the Himala...

Albulina orbitulus lobbichleri Forster, 1961 is a rare butterfly subspecies endemic of Nepal. This butterfly has been recorded for the first time living at highest elevation of 4,815 m from the Himalayan region Mustang in West Nepal. This note updates the information on change in the altitudinal preference of this subspecies of butterfly.

Sindhupalchok is one of the largest districts of central Nepal with area occupancy of about 2542 km². The northern side of this district exhibits complex physical feature where this study was carried out within the elevation of 850m to 4300m. The changing elevation gradients along mountain habitats act to control the distribution of butterflies at...

Wildlife assessments can provide crucial information regarding species richness, relative abundance and spatial, temporal , and ecological information on wildlife habitat associations. The assessment's information can in turn be used for developing management policies including for establishing touristic zones. We investigated wildlife occurrences...

The Langtang National Park which covers an area of 1760 sq.km was studied extensively for the occurrence and status of butterflies within the altitudinal ranges of 1500 m at Syaprubensi to 4300 m around Langtang glacier area. Addition to altitudes, the decline in floral diversity with temperature reduction in higher elevation basically controlled t...

Pachliopta aristolochiae has been assessed as Least Concern. In 1985, Collins and Morris listed this species as 'generally common and not threatened'. It appears that this species is still very common and widespread, with an estimated extent of occurrence of around 20 million km2. Although some localized threats may be present, in general, this spe...

Melanitis leda, a shade loving Satyrid is distributed in tropical to temperate parts of the country. Wet Season Form of this butterfly displays paler wings, prominent eyespots and distinct under wing markings. Dry Season Form remains camouflaged with dry leaf litters mostly in undisturbed parts of the forest floor. This form has diminished eyespots...

Byasa alcinous has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a wide distribution with an extent of occurrence exceeding 10 million km2 across Japan, China, Taiwan, the Korean peninsula, Vietnam, Laos, northern India, and Nepal, and occupies a number of different habitats. However, threats exist in at least parts of the species range; for exa...

Byasa dasarada has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a large extent of occurrence is in excess of 4 million km2. It is unknown if there are any major threats affecting the species across its global range; potential threats across the region and in certain localities are likely relatively localised resulting in a vast number of locati...

Atrophaneura varuna is listed as Least Concern. It has a vast extent of occurrence, exceeding 5 million km2. The species is also known to occupy different habitats across its distribution in mostly India, Myanmar, and Malaysia and uses commonly occurring host plants. However, the species does show local rarity in some localities (including an Endan...

Atrophaneura aidoneus has been assessed as Least Concern. This is a widespread species, with an estimated extent of occurrence in excess of 4 million km2. While local threats, especially those causing forest loss, are likely to impact the species, it has been recorded in many protected areas throughout its range, is at times considered at least loc...

Byasa plutonius has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a wide range across parts of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. However, threats are impacting this species across its range, and it is considered threatened or close to being threatened in parts of its range (e.g. India: subspecies pembertoni; Bhutan). There are also moderate decli...

Byasa latreillei has been assessed as Least Concern. This species has a wide extent of occurrence from India to Southeast Asia and is often considered relatively common where it occurs (with subspecies kabrua and latreillei a notable exception in certain areas of India). Given that threats are likely highly localized across its wide range, the spec...

Pachliopta aristolochiae has been assessed as Least Concern. In 1985, Collins and Morris listed this species as 'generally common and not threatened'. It appears that this species is still very common and widespread, with an estimated extent of occurrence of around 20 million km2. Although some localised threats may be present, in general this spec...

p> Introduction: The cause of Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis (SHAPU) also known as seasonal endophthalmitis is not yet confirmed. So far, bacteria have been isolated from the vitreous of three cases, VZV from the aqueous of one case and anellovirus from the vitreous of 30 cases of SHAPU. Its connection with moth is still assumed but not proven yet....

Purpose: This review aims to provide a detailed update in Seasonal hypercute panuveitis (SHAPU) which is a blinding disease of unknown etiology reported only from Nepal, occurring every odd year since 1975 predominantly in children. Methods: Data sources were literature reviewed using PubMed, Medline, and ISI Databases (since 1975 to late 2017). Se...

Introduction: The cause of Seasonal hyperacute panuveitis (SHAPU) also known as seasonal endophthalmitis is not yet confi rmed. So far, bacteria have been isolated from the vitreous of three cases, VZV from the aqueous of one case and anellovirus from the vitreous of 30 cases of SHAPU. Its connection with moth is still assumed but not proven yet. O...

The Himalayas are a global hotspot for bird diversity with a large number of threatened species , but little is known about seasonal changes in bird communities along elevational gradients in this region. We studied the seasonality of bird diversity in six valleys of the Central Himalayas, Nepal. Using 318 plots with a 50 m radius, located from 220...

Mean annual temperature and precipitation of the three study regions of the Central Himalayas, Nepal. Mean annual temperature (a) and mean annual precipitation (b) based on WorldClim data from the locations of the point count stations. One valley (Tsum) had to be omitted because a clear elevational gradient was not detectable and the extracted elev...

Species richness of birds with different seasonal migration types, based on descriptions in Grimmett et al. (2000) for the 178 observed bird species. (TIF)

Sample-based rarefaction curves of estimated species richness of birds for the third to sixth valley during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon. Dashed lines indicate the 95% confidence interval (CI) of pre-monsoon estimates. (TIF)

Date and season of the visits to the six valleys in the Central Himalayas, Nepal. (DOCX)

Seasonal distribution of individual bird species along the elevational gradients. The list of bird species with more than 25 presences that are not shown in Fig 6. Numbers indicate how many observations were made at the count station level and are also illustrated by the diameter of the circles; seasons are pre-monsoon (pre), monsoon (mon), and pos...

List of overall 178 species recorded and list of unexpected observations in six valleys of the Central Himalayas, Nepal. The feeding guild and migration classification, based on descriptions available in Grimmett et al. (2000, 2011) and Basnet et al. (2016). Valleys 1 to 6 represent Nubri, Dudhkoshi, Olanchungola, Tsum, Dudhkunda, and Ghunsa, respe...

p> Teinopalpus imperialis an endangered swallowtail butterfly of high conservation value is encompassed into the Appendix II of CITES (Convention of International Trade of Endangered Species). This butterfly prefers its habitat at the altitudinal range of 2180 - 3000 m and emerges out for a brief period in summer months of May till July first week...

Nepal harbors unique mammalian fauna, but it is poorly studied at higher elevation. Mammalian fauna were recorded in Manaslu Conservation Area, Dudhkunda and Dudhkoshi valley of Solukhumbu district and Kanchenjunga Conservation Area of Nepal during March 2011 to April 2013 along the trail and the study plots from 700m to 4400m a.s.l. Semi-structure...

The study made in different periods in three central districts of Nepal revealed out 19 species of butterflies of different conservation status. The status of all the reported species were found under high threat level which was determined using National Red Data Book of Nepal (1995) and verifying them with the observed field data of 2004 to 2011....

p>This study was designed specifically to assess the population status and prevailing threats of Phaedyma aspasia kathmandia an endangered and endemic subspecies of butterfly confined to a very narrow range at 1600–1800 m of elevation in Godavari forest of Lalitpur district of central Nepal. This study revealed the occurrence of only 11 individuals...

The biodiversity of butterflies in Badikhel VDC was studied during three periods: Pre-Monsoon (April-May 2009), Monsoon (June-July 2009), and Post-Monsoon (August-October 2009). 75 species from 51 genera and 9 families were collected using sweeping insect nets and forceps. Specimens were killed, stored in paper envelopes, and later identified in th...

p>This paper is an outcome of the studies made in four districts (Dangdeukhuri, Banke, Bardia and Surkhet) of western Terai in different months of various years. Altogether 85 species categorized into 64 genera and 10 families have been reported with their status categories based on national status list. The process of urbanization has altered valu...

p>Study on butterfly diversity at Churiya range of eastern Nepal in winter and spring was conducted during December 1999 to May 2000. Collection sites ranged from < 250 to >1150 m in altitude where a total of 40 species of butterflies belonging to 28 genera and eight families were recorded. Both of seasonal and altitudinal effects on the abundance...

The symbiotic relationship of bird and pika is still a least understood phenomenon in biological science. This study at 3300 m near Somdang of Ganesh Himal area of central Nepal provided a new and interesting information on the behavior of Royle’s Pika (Ochotona roylei) which shared its haypile with a bird called Scaly Breasted Wren Babbler (Pnoepy...

Foraging and haying plants of Royles pika were studied in Achham and Kalikot districts of farwest Nepal in february-March, 1998. About 33 species of plants were seen deposited in the hay piles and 48 species of plants were observed within the home range of Royles pikas. Random examinations of haypiles were conducted at an altitude of 2515 meters to...