Betina Chandolia

Context The increasing death rate because of oral cancer is mainly due to its late diagnosis. Tumour markers are often detected in abnormal amounts in blood, urine or saliva of patients with certain types of cancer. Diagnosing cancer through human saliva has advantages such as low invasiveness, minimum cost and easy sample collection. We have used...

Introduction: The prevalence of renal stones is increasing globally. While surgical techniques have improved dramatically, there is no emphasis on preventing renal stone formation based on the metabolic abnormalities present in individual patients. There is no data from South India regarding the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in patients w...

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in the body with metabolic disorders such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease. However, no significant evidence has been found till date exhibiting their association epidemiologically in Indian patients. Objective To assess the association among NAFL...

Currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide as an Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, after alpha, beta, gamma, Delta. World Health Organization (WHO) has identified the Omicron variant as a variant of concern due to its heavily mutated nature. Phylogenetically, this variant with more than 50 mutations is v...

Since the pandemic started, various clinical trials have been going on to develop COVID vaccines. Vaccines which have passed the clinical trials include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, virus like particles vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. There are several vaccines in phase III an...

Tongue carcinoma is an aggressive malignant type of tumor that has a poor prognosis. Since the etiological factors of the condition are largely unknown, the study of biomolecular markers is helpful for the early diagnosis of the condition and the evaluation of prognostic factors, and the selection of treatment. Based on the literature review, IL-6,...

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are considered the gold standard because of their conventional study design, accurately defined endpoints, and high-quality evidence to define any cause-effect relationships. On the other hand, Real-world Data (RWD) relates to the collection of data pertaining to health status of the patient and/or delivery of ro...

Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) versus combination of OADs along with insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in which data was extracted from the electronic medical records. Two groups were formed, Group I comprised of nineteen patients who were prescribed OADs...

WHO declared the coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic in March 2020, which has affected 220 countries across the globe and territories, with 169,597,415 confirmed cases and 3,530,582 deaths reported to date. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are the best bet to control the pandemic and restore normalcy. Two of the mRNA vaccines got initial Emergency Use Aut...

Wide-necked aneurysms require comparatively more advanced endovascular and microsurgical techniques than those required for narrow-necked aneurysms. Temporary solitaire stent-assisted coiling technique is used for treating wide neck aneurysms with the advantage of non-requirement of antiplatelet therapy to prevent in-stent thrombosis. We present a...

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is present in the body with metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease. However, no significant evidence has been found till date exhibiting their association epidemiologically in Indian patients. Objective: To assess the association among NA...

Introduction: Use of Digital therapeutics can act as a valuable tool enabling more personalized care among diabetics. The Breathe Diabetes Management Program (BDMP) delivers personalized interventions encouraging them to track their blood glucose level, weight, and physical activity. Objective: To assess BDMP app in type 2 diabetics in achieving h...

Spindle Cell Carcinoma (SpCC) is a biphasic tumor. They are proven to be monoclonal dedifferentiated forms of conventional squamous carcinomas. It is a rare tumor which is infrequently observed in head, neck and in the aerodigestive tract. The tumor is aggressive and shows high frequency of recurrence and metastasis. It is an aggressive variant of...

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a distinctive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) characterised by nests of basaloid cells. BSCC is an aggressive and rare tumor of head and neck region; and is relatively rare in oral cavity in comparison to SCC. Although, infrequent, but primary intra-osseous SCC (PIOSCC) has been reported in the ja...

We report a case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), earlier known as histiocytosis X. It is a group of idiopathic disorders which is characterised by increase in number of Langerhans cells derived from bone marrow and mature eosinophils. The clinical features of LCH resemble those of oral findings, which are common such as gingival ulcers, enl...

Haemangioma is a benign neoplasm of vascular phenotype. 65% of haemangiomas have been noted to occur in the head and neck and mainly salivary glands are affected. The parotid gland is the most common site with hemangiomas comprising of 0.4-0.6% of parotid gland tumors. Salivary gland haemagniomas in adults are of the cavernous type while infantile...

Central Giant Cell Granuloma (CGCG) is a benign tumor of jaw. As compared to males, females are more commonly affected. Mandible is the common site of occurrence. Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are cystic lesions which are expansile osteolytic blood-filled lesions. These are commonly seen in the mandible, and they also show gender-predilection toward...

Background: Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of soft tissue that can be found anywhere in the body: However their presence in oral cavity is very rare (4.4%). Histopathologically lipomas are classified as simple lipomas and different variants. The present study describes the prevalence of oral lipomas with relation to patient's age, their site...

Background: Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of soft tissue that can be found anywhere in the body. However their presence in oral cavity is very rare (4.4%). Histopathologically lipomas are classified as simple lipomas and different variants. The present study describes the prevalence of oral lipmas with relation to patient's age, their site...

The Mucoepidermodi Carcinoma is a tumor of salivary gland. It comprises <3% of all head and neck tumors. As suggested by its name, MEC comprises of mucus-producing, squamous and intermediate type cells. Majority of these arise in the parotid gland, rest arise within the minor salivary glands. In minor salivary glands, MEC is seen on palate followed...

Neurofibroms are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor comprising of an admixture of fibroblasts, Schwan cells, and perineurial cells. Clinically, neurofibromas may present either as solitary lesion or as a part of the generalized syndrome of neurofibromatosis. Oral neurofibromas are unusual and occurrence of these on gingiva is even more rare. Neur...

Minor salivary glands are relatively rare location for these tumors. Microscopically, they are composed of isomorphic cells, similar to basaloid cells with palisading arrangement and distinctive basement membrane like material. Herein, we report a case of BCA presenting as a soft tissue growth of left hard palate involving maxillary alveolus of a 4...

in 1981 by Wright, due to its different histology and relatively low recurrence rate. Parakeratinized odontogenic cyst is now considered as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) owing to its neoplastic nature. Although rare, calcification in the form of dystrophic calcification, dentinoid and cartilage has been reported in KCOT, but calcification i...

Objective: To assess the prognostic potential for N-cadherin in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral epithelial dysplasia. Study Design: A cross-sectional study, analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Maharishi Markandeshwar College of Dental Science Research (MMCDSR), Ambala, India, from 2011 to 2014. Methodology: Immunohistochemistry was...

Orthokeratinized odontogenic keratocyst (OOC) was first identified as orthokeratinized variant of odontogenic keratocyst in 1981 by Wright, due to its different histology and relatively low recurrence rate. Parakeratinized odontogenic cyst is now considered as keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) owing to its neoplastic nature. Although rare, calc...

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) is a tumor of pericytes and acounts for 1% of all vascular tumors. World Health Organization (WHO) in 2013 abandoned the term hemangiopericytoma. Currently, the term HPC is used to describe a specific morphological pattern seen in different entities. We report a case of 27-year male reported to NIMS Dental College, Jaipur,...

Centrally occurring salivary gland tumors are rare. Because of a considerable overlap between the clinical and histopathological features, this group of tumors often produces a diagnostic difficulty to the clinicians and oral pathologists. Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is an unusual, low-grade, malignant salivary gland tumor that represents approxima...

Angiomyxolipoma is a rare histological variant of lipoma, characterized by proliferation of adipose tissue associated with a variable amount of myxoid stroma with numerous thick- and thin-walled blood vessels. An exhaustive literature review could reveal only 12 cases of angiomyxolipoma affecting subcutaneous tissue, subungual area and spermatic co...

Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumor of hair follicle first described as calcifying epithelium. It accounts for 1% of all the benign skin tumors. It is a slow-growing, firm, dermal or subcutaneous neoplasm, usually measuring fewer than 3 cm in diameter. Pilomatricomas are considered benign; rarely recur after surgical excision. However, cases of pilomat...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant neoplasm characterised by the formation of osteoid matrix by neoplastic cells. It is the most common primary malignant bone tumor accounting for 20% of all sarcomas, although its occurrence in the jaw is rare. It shows typical clinical behaviour but varied radiological and histopathological features. It presents var...

The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC), though rare, has now become a well known entity. The frequency of GOC ranges from 0.012% to 1.3% of all jaw cysts and its worldwide prevalence is 0.17%. The GOC's microscopic features have been well documented, and are also included in the list of World Health Organization. We report a case of GOC presenting as...

A 51-year-old male presented to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, NIMS Dental College Jaipur (India) with a painless pigmented patch extending from left side of the palate to the gingiva from 9 months. The patient had noticed the growth 7 months ago; it was a small patch of 1 cm initially, which gradually increased to attain the p...

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a rare fibro-osseous neoplasm that develops among the craniofacial bones at an early age; and in majority of patients, it is diagnosed in the first or second decade of life. We present a case in 41-year male patient having it in the left anterior mandibular region. Peripheral eosinophilic areas resembling psammom...

Introduction: Central tumors of the jaws can manifest in various ways ranging from benign tumors to life-threatening malignancies. Although jaw tumors have been described in the general population, there is a paucity of information available regarding prevalence, distribution, and biological behavior of central jaw tumors in elderly population. Aim...

Bitemark analysis can be used for comparison of a known person's dentition to a patterned injury which appears consisistent with a bitemark. This type of comparison is used to confirm or eliminate the identity of a suspect in relation to the bitemark. Because of the definite subjectivity in bite mark analysis it is considered as one of the most con...

Introduction: Malignant transformation of the Potentially Malignant Lesions (PML) in the oral cavity is associated with elevated mortality rate because of its aggressive and exceedingly invasive nature. Meticulous diagnosis and prompt therapy of PML may help prevent malignant conversion in oral lesions. Carcinogenic insult to oral cells results in...

An eleven year old girl presented with a three months history of chronic oral ulcerations. The oral ulcerations affected her normal oral functions. Intra-oral examination revealed multiple erosive, erythematous lesions on anterior gingiva and soft palate. There were no skin lesions, as confirmed by a dermatologist. Medical history of the patient wa...

Oral cancer is the most common type of cancer found worldwide. It is of significant health concern and becomes more deadly in the absence of early detection, resulting in poorer prognosis. Developing nations face greater challenge with inadequate resources and limited access to trained pathologists. A promising novel method of early detection is “B...

The diagnosis of cancer involves the analysis of tissue and cytology specimens obtained through several procedures, including surgical biopsy, endoscopic biopsy, core or aspirational needle biopsy, venipuncture, spinal tap, pleural or ascitic tap, scraping of tissue surfaces and collection of exfoliative cells from urine and sputum. A tumor marker...

Epithelial Mesenchymal Interactions play an important role in the development of various tissues such as in Odontogenesis, Salivary gland development, Tumor formation and metastasis. Cells are comprised of epithelia and mesenchyme and the signaling which takes place between these two is known as epithelial mesenchymal interactions.

In forensic identification, the mouth allows for a myriad of possibilities. The grooves present on the human lips are unique to each person and can be used to determine identity. The study of these grooves or furrows present on the red part or the vermilion border of the human lips is known as cheiloscopy. Lip print analysis is a process that provi...

Introduction: Invasion and metastasis of malignant tumours severely endanger the life of cancer patients. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the commonly found malignancies in the oral cavity and its survival rate has not improved from past few decades. Since an important risk factor for oral squamous cell carcinoma is the presence of epithelial dy...

Introduction: Oral cancer is a challenging disease in Indian subcontinent because of increased use of tobacco and associated products. Although surgery is the main treatment modality, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) are employed in inaccessible cases. Both RT & CT will result in painful and debilitating adverse effects in oral cavity e.g.,...

Background: Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumors of soft tissue that can be found anywhere in the body: However their presence in oral cavity is very rare (4.4%). Histopathologically lipomas are classified as simple lipomas and different variants. The present study describes the prevalence of oral lipomas with relation to patient’s age, their site...