Betania Allen-Leigh

Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública | INSP · Dirección de Salud Reproductiva

This poster describes logistical issues related to implementing a randomized, double- blinded, placebo-controlled Phase III interventional trial on the nine-valent HPV vaccine (9vHPV) among cisgender men and transgender women living with HIV, at the Mexico site. The trial seeks to demonstrate that 9vHPV reduces the incidence of persistent oral HPV...

PurposePrevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection varies greatly. Data on distribution of hrHPV infection constitute important evidence for decision-making when implementing HPV testing into cervical cancer screening programs. We estimate the prevalence of cervical hrHPV infection in a large sample of women in a middle-...

Culture and contextual factors are inter-related fundamental frameworks for a correct conceptualization of intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and other neurodevelopmental disorders as well as for adequate provision and planning of mental health services. Implications on grading of individual functioning impairment, suppo...

The World Health Organization recommends high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-based screening for women 39-49 years, based on the greater accuracy of hrHPV-based screening for cervical cancer detection. Many cervical cancer screening programs have incorporated hrHPV testing and multiple early cervical cancer detection strategies have been evaluat...

Challenges in measuring early childhood development (ECD) at scale have been documented, yet little is known about the specific difficulties related to questionnaire design and question interpretation. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges of measuring ECD at scale in the context of household surveys and to show how to overcome the...

We aimed to identify patterns of cognitive differences and characterize subgroups of Mexican children and adolescents with three neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD): intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample included 74 children and adolescents 6–15 years; 34% had ID...

Purpose: The prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection among transgender women has been reported to be very high and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention strategies have focused on transgender women who engage in sex work. The purpose of our study was to describe hrHPV infection prevalence among a group of transgende...

Objetivo: Presentar los métodos realizados para la inclusión del módulo de Desarrollo Infantil Temprano (DIT) en la Ensanut 100k. Material y métodos: Con dicho módulo y el cuestionario de menores de cinco años, se obtuvieron indicadores del estado de salud, desarrollo y bienestar de niñas/os en los primeros cinco años de vida. De noviembre a dicie...

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), possibly due to a combination of changing lifestyles and improved healthcare infrastructure to facilitate diagnosis. Unfortunately, a large proportion of CRC cases in these countries remain undiagnosed or are diagnosed at ad...

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing in many middle- and lower-income countries, possibly due to a combination of changing lifestyles and improved healthcare infrastructure that facilitates diagnosis. Unfortunately, a large proportion of cases may be diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. Decr...

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), possibly due to a combination of changing lifestyles and improved healthcare infrastructure to facilitate diagnosis. Unfortunately, a large proportion of CRC cases in these countries remain undiagnosed or are diagnosed at adv...

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality are increasing in many middle- and lower-income countries, possibly due to a combination of changing lifestyles and improved healthcare infrastructure that facilitates diagnosis. Unfortunately, a large proportion of cases may be diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor outcomes. Dec...

Our aim was to better understand Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance among Mexican adults including people with and without HIV, cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) or with women (MSW), cisgender and transgender women. A computer-assisted, self-administered questionnaire was completed by healthcare users and participants recruited t...

Objetivo mostrar cómo pacientes de pueblos originarios (Mayas) que padecen diabetes tipo 2 manejan recursos de los diferentes modelos de atención para atender su enfermedad. Material y métodos el diseño del estudio fue de métodos mixtos de tipo secuencial; incluyó un cuestionario ( n=195), entrevistas cualitativas cortas ( n=103) y 20 entrevistas...

Objective To understand non-adherence to medically recommended diets among Mayans with diabetes. Design Using partially sequential mixed methods, questionnaires, semi-structured brief and in-depth interviews were applied. Questionnaire data were analysed with Pearson’s χ² and Student’s t tests and qualitative interviews with grounded theory microa...

There has been a noticeable shift in discussions about cervical cancer, moving from prevention to elimination. Interventions such as FASTER, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and HPV screening, are innovative intervention strategies which can be utilized to begin a path to elimination. To explore the feasibility of the FASTER strategy, an eval...

Objective: Describe the natural history of anal HPV among men. Materials and methods: Prospective study among men 18-70 years (n=665), from Cuernavaca, Mexico who completed questionnaires and provided specimens (HPV genotyped) at enrollment and 1+ follow-up visit. HPV prevalence and incidence were estimated. Prevalence ratios were calculated wit...

Objective: To determine external genital lesion (EGL) incidence -condyloma and penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN)- and genital HPV-genotype progression to these EGLs. Materials and methods: Participants (healthy males 18- 74y from Cuernavaca, Mexico, recruited 2005-2009, n=954) underwent a questionnaire, anogenital examination, and sample c...

Materials and methods. A total of 1 329 men and women, with and without HIV, participated in one of three intervention studies, offering HPV vaccination, carried out in the states of Morelos, Tlaxcala and Mexico City; either the bivalent (Morelos n=103, Tlaxcala n=127) or quadrivalent HPV-vaccine (Mexico City n=1 099) was offered. Results. HPV vacc...

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a combined strategy of human papillomavirus virus (HPV) vaccination and high-risk HPV screening to reduce the occurrence of anogenital and oropharyngeal neoplasms among men who have sex with men, people with HIV, homeless people, transgender women, female sex workers and rape victims. Materials and meth...

Objective: To explore demographic, socioeconomic and reproductive factors associated with pregnancy desire among adolescents in five Latin American countries. Design: Secondary analysis using nationally representative, cross-sectional data from UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). Setting: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador...

Objective: To examine adolescent simulated clients' perceived barriers to quality care as they sought information on contraceptives in public-sector healthcare facilities and pharmacies in Mexico. Study design: We used a qualitative research design and conducted semi-structured interviews with eight young women who posed as simulated clients at...

Objectives To describe the comprehensive sex education (CSE) coverage and to evaluate a set of indicators related to knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with the seven components of the CSE framework among Mexican high-school students. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of students in pub...

This paper provides evidence of the potential beneficial effects of Comprehensive sexual education (CSE) on attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding sexual and reproductive health among adolescents. In addition, it identifies areas that should be strengthened to increase the positive impact of CSE.

Translation of questions used in this study from the Spanish questionnaire. (DOCX)

Complete questionnaire in Spanish. (DOCX)

Background Data is needed about barriers to self-collection of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) samples and cytology among low-income, disadvantaged women living in rural areas of lower-income countries as these women are at increased risk of cervical cancer mortality. Methods Individual interviews (n = 29), focus groups (n = 7, 5–11 participants) and d...

Objective: To describe sexual behavior and contraceptive use in adolescent students. Materials and methods: National representative survey in upper secondary schools in Mexico 2014. Logistic regressions identify the factors associated with contraceptive use and unmet needs for contraception (UNC). Results: For male adolescents, non-contraceptive us...

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is amenable to detection and treatment, but effectively addressing it is contingent on policies, practices, and health care providers working together to address the issue. The aim of this study is to describe a sample of health care providers' existing practices in public-sector obstetric units in Mexico re...

Objective: To describe the characteristics of Mexican children and adolescents 5-17 years with severe functioning difficulties and disability and explore their participation in child labor. Materials and methods: Using data from the National Survey of Boys, Girls and Women in Mexico 2015 we estimated prevalence of functioning difficulties and disa...

Objective: Report prevalence of functioning difficulties and disabilities among Mexican adolescent women 15-17 years old and identify differences in characteristics of those with and without a functioning difficulty or disability Materials and methods: Using data from the National Survey of Boys, Girls and Women in Mexico 2015 we estimated prevale...

Objective: To describe the prevalence and factors associated with severe child functioning difficulties and disability (CFD) among two to four year old children in Mexico, and estimates the probability of presenting CFD based on specific population profiles. Materials and methods: The sample consists of 5 104 children who participated in the Natio...

Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the most frequent types of neoplasia and in developing countries is the second most common cause of reported cases, after breast cancer. In Mexico, improvements have been made in defining and perfecting public policies related to this disease and, more importantly, innovative strategies aimed at increasing primar...

Objective Adolescents need sexual and reproductive health services but little is known about quality-of-care in lower- and middle-income countries where most of the world?s adolescents reside. Quality-of-care has important implications as lower quality may be linked to higher unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection rates. This study...

Objetivo. Analizar la cobertura de la educaci?n sexual integral?(ESI) en M?xico y describir su integralidad, homogeneidad?y continuidad en cuanto a contenidos sobre salud sexual y reproductiva, autoeficacia, derechos y relaciones. Material?y m?todos. En una encuesta probabil?stica transversal con?muestreo estratificado y por conglomerados, se aplic...

Objective: This study aims to generate evidence on intellectual development disorders (IDD) in Mexico. Materials and methods: IDD disease burden will be estimated with a probabilistic model, using population-based surveys. Direct and indirect costs of catastrophic expenses of families with a member with an IDD will be evaluated. Genomic characteri...

Objective: To provide evidence on perinatal mental healthcare in Mexico. Materials and methods: Descriptive and bivariate analyses of data from a cross-sectional probabilistic survey of 211 public obstetric units. Results: Over half (64.0%) of units offer mental healthcare; fewer offer perinatal depression (PND) detection (37.1%) and care (40....

Background: HPV infection causes cervical cancer, a major contributor to morbidity and mortality among low-income Mexican women. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing is now a primary screening strategy in Mexico's early cervical cancer detection program (ECDP). Research on Mexican women's perceptions of HPV and testing is necessary for establish...

Original Spanish Language Interview Guide. (DOCX)

Introduction: The test of human papillomavirus (HPV) was introduced in 2008 as a primary screening test into the Mexican cervical cancer screening program (CCSP) Although the evidence for the recommendation of this test is wide, there is a lack of information about the use experience gained among mexican women who have used HPV testing. Methods: We...

Objective. Mexico’s Cervical Cancer Detection Program (CCDP) adopted testing for high-risk HPV as its primary screening in 2008. Optimal implementation of this protocol requires buy-in and training of CCDP healthcare professionals. We explored their perceptions and experiences of HPV testing as a primary screening strategy. Methods. We performed se...

Objective. Mexico’s Cervical Cancer Detection Program (CCDP) adopted testing for high-risk HPV as its primary screening in 2008. Optimal implementation of this protocol requires buy-in and training of CCDP healthcare professionals. We explored their perceptions and experiences of HPV testing as a primary screening strategy. Methods. We performed se...

Objective. Mexico’s Cervical Cancer Detection Program (CCDP) adopted testing for high-risk HPV as its primary screening method in 2008. Optimal implementation of this protocol requires buy-in and training of CCDP healthcare professionals. We explored their perceptions and experiences of HPV testing as a primary screening strategy. Methods. We perfo...

This study estimates the prevalence of depressive symptomatology (DS) in women with children younger than five years of age, examines detection and care rates and probabilities of developing DS based on specific risk profiles. The sample consists of 7 187 women with children younger than five drawn from the Ensanut 2012. DS prevalence is 19.91%, wh...

Objective. This study estimates the prevalence of depressive symptomatology (DS) in women with children younger than five years of age, examines detection and care rates and probabilities of developing DS based on specific risk profiles. Materials and methods. The sample consists of 7 187 women with children younger than five drawn from the Ensanut...

Objetivo. Explorar las necesidades de información y consejería de un grupo de mujeres mexicanas al utilizar la prueba de virus de papiloma humano (VPH). Material y métodos. En 2011, se realizaron 24 entrevistas semiestructuradas a mujeres que recibieron el resultado de una prueba de VPH, en dos municipios del estado de Michoacán. El análisis cualit...

Objective: To explore the information and counseling needs of a group of Mexican women during use of the HPV test. Materials and methods: In 2011, 24 semistructured interviews were done with women upon receiving HPV test results in two municipalities in the state of Michoacan. Qualitative analysis of the interviews was done using constant compar...

Summary Introduction: In Mexico, high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) testing has been introduced as a primary screening strategy in the cervical cancer early detection program. It is important to understand how women perceive HPV infection in order to establish the proper educational activities according to their environment and needs. Objective:...

The effectiveness at the individual and community level of an educational intervention to increase cervical cancer screening self-efficacy among semi-urban Mexican women was evaluated and changes in reported community barriers were measured after the intervention was implemented. The educational intervention was evaluated with a quasi-experimental...

(analytical): This qualitative study explores the perceptions of young Mexican migrants and non-migrants to the United States about condom use related to STI/HIV. Forty men and women aged between 15-24 years old were interviewed; participants were native of two Mexican municipalities. Inquires about the social construction of sexuality, and the per...

Estudio cualitativo que explora percepciones del uso de condón en relación con las ITS/VIH de jóvenes mexicanos migrantes y no migrantes a los Estados Unidos. Realizamos 40 entrevistas a profundidad a hombres y mujeres de 15 a 24 años de edad en dos municipios de México. Indagamos respecto a la construcción social de la sexualidad, la percepción de...

Intellectual development disorders (IDDs) are a set of development disorders characterized by significantly limited cognitive functioning, learning disorders, and disorders related to adaptive skills and behavior. Previously grouped under the term "intellectual disability," this problem has not been widely studied or quantified in Latin America. Th...

Objective: To offer current evidence about age at sexual initiation and contraceptive use among adolescent and adult women of different age groups, places of residence, and marital status in Mexico. Materials and methods: Data were analyzed from ENSANUT 2006 and 2012 surveys on knowledge and use of contraceptives. Results: In 2012 31.2% of 15-...

Objective: To provide evidence and input for monitoring child welfare and wellbeing in Mexico. Materials and methods: Adjusting for sampling design, information from ENSANUT 2012 for children <10 years was compared with national and international parameters and goals. Results: While 8.37% of infants were born with low birth weight (<2,500 g),...

Objetivo. Ofrecer evidencia actualizada sobre inicio de vida sexual y uso de anticonceptivos en mujeres adolescentes y adultas en México por grupos de edad, lugar de residencia y estado civil. Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos de las ENSANUT 2006 y 2012, sobre conocimientos y uso de anticoncepción. Resultados. En 2012, 31.2% de las adolescent...

We have conducted a qualitative study to collect information about services for adults and older adolescents with intellectual disability in Mexico, as part of ongoing research on intellectual disability from a public health and rights-oriented perspective. Our focus is on existing services and outstanding needs. One of our main goals is to provide...

Objetivo. Evaluar el conocimiento y uso de anticoncepción de emergencia (AE), y factores asociados en estudiantes de escuelas públicas en Morelos, México. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal realizado entre 2003-2004 con 1550 estudiantes de 14-24 años. Se utilizó regresión logística para identificar factores asociados al conocimiento correcto s...

To evaluate emergency contraception (EC) knowledge and use as well as identify factors associated to correct EC knowledge among public schools students in Morelos, Mexico. Cross-sectional study conducted in 2003-2004 in a sample of 1,550 students (ages 14-24). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated to EC correct knowledge. Amon...

El capítulo explora las intersecciones del género, cuestiones de poder y cuestiones de parentesco entre mujeres viviendo con VIH/SIDA en México, basado en un estudio cualitativo exploratorio de entrevistas cortas y un estudio etnográfico de larga duración con observación participativa, grupos focales y entrevistas individuales.

The integration of sexualities and gender as the subject matter for education and research in public universities in Mexico is explored using research data such as: statistical data, Internet-based research, and testimonials gathered from a series of interviews with university faculty and students. This article presents a general overview of public...

Disparities related to cervical cancer continue to exist in Mexico, including insufficient screening coverage, problems with quality control and a resulting greater risk of mortality among women from marginalized areas. A lack of opportunities and requirements for continuing education and accreditation of healthcare personnel involved in the screen...

To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with sexual abuse in childhood and adolescence. Study conducted in a sample of students in the state of Morelos, Mexico, in 2004-2005. Participants (n=1730) were drawn from a cohort of 13,293 students aged 12 to 24 years. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire comprising parts of validated...

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados ao abuso sexual infantil e na adolescência. MÉTODOS: Estudo realizado em amostra de estudantes do estado de Morelos, México, entre 2004 e 2005. Os participantes (n=1730) pertencem a uma coorte de 13.293 estudantes de 12 a 24 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário formado por part...

OBJECTIVE: Explore the regional differences in breast (BC) and cervical cancer (CC) mortality in Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We estimated mortality trends for BC and CC using probabilistic models adjusted by state marginalization level and urban and rural residence. RESULTS: BC mortality shows a rising trend, from a rate of 5.6 deaths per 100000...

Explore the regional differences in breast (BC) and cervical cancer (CC) mortality in Mexico. We estimated mortality trends for BC and CC using probabilistic models adjusted by state marginalization level and urban and rural residence. BC mortality shows a rising trend, from a rate of 5.6 deaths per 100000 women in 1979 to 10.1 in 2006. The CC mort...

Revisión de la literatura que desde un enfoque de género y generalmente cualitativo se ha publicado sobre mujeres y VIH/SIDA en México.

The reduction in cervical cancer mortality in developed countries has been attributed to well-organized, population-based prevention and control programs that incorporate screening with the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. In Mexico, there has been a decrease in cervical cancer mortality, but it is unclear what factors have prompted this reduction. Using...

The study objectives were to explore the socio-cultural elements of human papilloma virus (HPV) test acceptability and stages-of-change in cervical cancer screening behavior among disadvantaged women in Mexico to inform policy recommendations for improving adherence to cervical cancer screening. This was a qualitative study among convenience sample...

Although in Mexico condom use is the central HIV/STI prevention strategy promoted among men who have sex with men (MSM) includes gay men, a recent on-line survey among MSM in Mexico found that 50% knew someone who practiced barebacking and 14% reported having practiced it themselves, while surveys indicate that 50-80% of Mexican MSM report always u...

This article describes a best practice in the field of intellectual disability, a program for independent living offered by the Center for Integral Training and Development (CADI per its abbreviation in Spanish) for people with intellectual disability in Mexico. A detailed description of an effective program that fosters autonomy, social inclusion...

This study aims to describe the ways in which Mexican adolescents and adults with intellectual disability exercise autonomy. Two focus groups were carried out with family members who are the legal guardians of people with intellectual disability who have received independent living training at the Center for Integral Training and Development (CADI,...

This article describes a best practice in the field of intellectual disability, a program for independent living offered by the Center for Integral Training and Development (CADI per its abbreviation in Spanish) for people with intellectual disability in Mexico. A detailed description of an effective program that fosters autonomy, social inclusion...

This study aims to describe the ways in which Mexican adolescents and adults with intellectual disability exercise autonomy. Two focus groups were carried out with family members who are the legal guardians of people with intellectual disability who have received independent living training at the Center for Integral Training and Development (CADI,...