Bertrand Dumont

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Verified

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• Ph.D, HDR
• Senior Researcher at French National Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment (INRAE)

Agroecology and industrial ecology can be viewed as complementary means for reducing the environmental footprint of animal farming systems: agroecology mainly by stimulating natural processes to reduce inputs, and industrial ecology by closing system loops, thereby reducing demand for raw materials, lowering pollution and saving on waste treatment....

Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), global mean temperature and inter-annual variability in temperature and rainfall are expected to be significantly higher by the end of the 21st century. In order to review the effects of these factors on forage quality, we carried out a meta-analysis based on climate manipulation experiments. The first notable resu...

Livestock is a major driver in most rural landscapes and economics, but it also polarises debate over its environmental impacts, animal welfare and human health. Conversely, the various services that livestock farming systems provide to society are often overlooked and have rarely been quantified. The aim of analysing bundles of services is to char...

Diversification of grassland‐based systems is highly valued in agroecology, organic farming and other forms of regenerative agriculture. For lowlands, mountain and Mediterranean areas, we illustrate that diversification of grassland types, livestock species, products and farm labour allows coping with market, climatic and workforce‐related risks. H...

Climate change will increase average temperatures and the frequency and intensity of summertime droughts; those shifts will in turn affect forage production in grassland-based livestock farms. Farmers will accordingly likely have to implement adaptation strategies to cope with the effects of climate change. We hypothesized that farmers' resilience...

High Nature Value (HNV) farming systems occur in areas where the major land use is agriculture and are characterized by their significance in promoting biodiversity and ecosystem services due to their extensive land use. Despite their importance for ecological and socio-economic resilience of rural regions, these systems are often overlooked in Lif...

Taking into account the perspectives of local stakeholders is essential for just and effective biodiversity conservation. Plural valuation, making visible the diverse values people hold in relation to nature, has emerged as a key approach towards better inclusion of stakeholders' perspectives. So far, plural valuation has mainly focused on positive...

In response to criticism of current specialized and input-intensive agriculture, diversified farming systems (DFS) have increased in popularity. The most advanced forms of DFS include perennial components (e.g., perennial crops, trees), functionally different plants and livestock, and landscape heterogeneity. These characteristics make it more diff...

Temperate seminatural grasslands harbour unique biodiversity, support livestock farming through forage production, and deliver many essential ecosystem services (ESs) to human society; they are highly multifunctional. However, temperate grassland ecosystems are also among the most threatened ecosystems on earth due to land use and climate changes....

Les activités d’élevage sont fortement questionnées pour leurs impacts négatifs sur l’environnement, en particulier le changement climatique, et vis-à-vis de la compétition pour l’utilisation des surfaces agricoles. Depuis peu, elles sont en outre confrontées aux fortes tensions sur les ressources énergétiques. Nous montrons ici que, dans le contex...

Cyathostomins are the most prevalent parasitic nematodes of grazing horses. They are responsible for colic and diarrhea in their hosts. After several decades of exposure to synthetic anthelmintics, they have evolved to become resistant to most compounds. In addition, the drug-associated environmental side-effects question their use in the field. Al...

One of the key ways to improve the sustainability of agricultural systems is through diversification, taking advantage of synergies between farm enterprises. Among diversified systems, multispecies livestock farms with at least two animal enterprises have rarely been studied. We explored 95 organic farms from six countries, accounting for the propo...

CONTEXT: Mixed-grazing by sheep and cattle is the simultaneous or sequential grazing of a pasture by the two species. It is an agroecological practice known to improve lamb liveweight gains through parasite dilution (PD) and/or forage niche sharing (FNS). OBJECTIVE: We assessed the combined and relative strengths of the two mechanisms by developing...

La diversification des systèmes herbagers constitue un des principes clés de l'agroécologie, de l'agriculture biologique et des autres formes d'agriculture régénérative. A partir d’exemples pris en zones de plaine, de montagne ou méditerranéennes, nous montrons que la diversification des exploitations herbagères offre des leviers pour faire face au...

CONTEXT: Livestock farming systems have received particular attention in the news and scientific media. However, do these considerations ever come to a real debate? Nothing is less certain. There is much attention on the negative impacts of livestock farming on the environment, and it remains difficult to have a fruitful dialogue on the desirable d...

L’agroécologie stipule que la gestion de la diversité animale et végétale au sein des exploitations d’élevage renforce leur durabilité. Pour aller au-delà de ce principe théorique, nous analysons ici le fonctionnement et les performances d’exploitations de polyélevage, c’est-à-dire de fermes dans lesquelles sont élevées au moins deux espèces animal...

Les contributions des prairies à la qualité de l'eau, à la biodiversité et à la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, par le stockage du carbone, font désormais largement consensus dans le monde scientifique, mais ne sont pas toujours bien connues au-delà. Malgré la reconnaissance de l'ampleur des services écosystémiques attribués aux prairies...

L'agroécologie stipule que la gestion de la diversité animale et végétale au sein des exploitations d'élevage renforce leur durabilité. Pour aller au-delà de ce principe théorique, nous analysons ici le fonctionnement et les performances d'exploitations de polyélevage, c'est-à-dire de fermes dans lesquelles sont élevées au moins deux espèces animal...

Agroecological practices can improve the functioning of livestock farming systems by optimizing their underlying biological processes. Sheep/cattle mixed-grazing is an example of such a practice in which sheep grazing with cattle can achieve a higher liveweight gain (LWG), than sheep grazing alone. We conducted an experiment to assess the relative...

La dichotomie entre prairies temporaires et prairies permanentes tend à exacerber l’opposition entre une approche agronomique qui favorise des pratiques de gestion favorisant la production de biomasse au détriment de la biodiversité et une vision plus naturaliste qui favorise le maintien de la biodiversité au détriment des performances fourragères....

Alternative strategies to chemical anthelmintics are needed for the sustainable control of equine strongylids. Bioactive forages like sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) could contribute to reducing drug use, with the first hints of in vitro activity against cyathostomin free-living stages observed in the past. We analysed the effect of a sainfoin-ric...

CONTEXT Transitions to more sustainable livestock production systems are increasingly demanded by parts of society. Scientists suggest moving towards diversified farming systems due to their potential environmental and economic benefits, especially in the organic sector. However, empirical knowledge of multi-species livestock farms, i.e. farms keep...

Although it is time consuming, performing direct observations of the feeding choices of grazing herbivores remains the reference method because it does not require any destructive vegetation sampling and limits bias associated with the use of indirect markers. It is also the only method for characterizing the use of vegetation patches. These observ...

Mixing different herbivore species is assumed to increase vegetation use because of the complementarity of their feeding choices and to reduce animal parasite burden through the dilution effect. Here, we compare the effects of mixed horse‐cattle grazing and monospecific horse grazing (1.4 LU/ha) on animal foraging behaviour, sward characteristics a...

We propose a set of indicators to evaluate how grazing by livestock and grassland management can help preserve biodiversity in the insect communities of grassland ecosystems. These indicators can be calculated for any grassland for which management and botanical composition are known, and they do not require advanced knowledge on conservation biolo...

The future of the livestock sector is critical due to its significant contributions to global warming, water and air pollution, biodiversity loss, as well as ethical considerations on animal welfare. Beyond the evidence that a decrease in livestock production can limit its environmental footprint, livestock also plays a positive role in most agroec...

While there is increasing evidence of the sustainability benefits of diversified systems in the organic cropping sector, this has been much less investigated with organic livestock farming. To fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed a sample of 128 European organic multi-species livestock farms located across seven countries – Austria, Belgium, France...

How easily can we obtain optimal trade-offs between conflicting ecosystem services (ES)? We studied this question by crossing metrics of optimality and robustness in a model simulating sheep/cattle mixed-grazing (mixed-grazing is grazing by more than one species). We hypothesized that mixed-grazing processes (comple-mentary use of vegetation and pa...

In the frame of an agroecological transition of livestock systems, an evaluation of their diversity and multiperformance is needed. Here, we develop the case of mountain dairy systems. Five multicriteria evaluation tools are described, which are more or less specific for these systems. We analyse their ability to characterize system diversity and t...

How can we measure the difficulty to obtain optimal trade-offs between conflicting ecosystem services (ES)? To answer this question, we crossed metrics of optimality and robustness in a model simulating sheep/cattle mixed-grazing (mixed-grazing is grazing by more than one species). We hypothesized that mixed-grazing processes (parasitism dilution a...

Organic farming relies on ecological processes to replace chemical inputs, and organic farmers have developed various strategies, including several forms of diversification, to remain viable. Herein, we hypothesized that diversified organic farming systems can enhance their performance by increasing the level of interactions between system componen...

Livestock animals play a key role in organic farming systems by providing nutrients for croplands through manure production and nutrient-dense food for human consumption. However, we lack global, synthetic view about livestock productivity in organic farming and about its differences with conventional farming. Here we fill this important gap of kno...

Purpose: Knowledge Sharing (KS) is seen as a promising framework for renewing advisory systems in agriculture, but its practical application remains an important area of research. In particular, it is important to increase the motivation of farmers to participate in decision-making. Game-based support seems to be applicable to a long-term process o...

A l'heure où l'agroécologie met en avant les avantages de la diversité animale et végétale, les exploitations qui ont résisté à la généralisation de la spécialisation productive peuvent apparaître comme pionnières pour repenser l'élevage face aux enjeux actuels. Nous proposons une analyse comparée des systèmes mixtes bovins-ovins, bovins-équins, bo...

Grassland management impacts ecosystem functioning and is critical for livestock production and biodiversity conservation. Decreasing the stocking rate usually benefits biodiversity but also decreases production per unit area. Here, we assessed the combined effects of cattle herd and pasture size on sward structure, diet quality and daily grazing t...

Les bénéfices attendus du pâturage mixte sont une meilleure valorisation de l’herbe grâce à la complémentarité des choix alimentaires des espèces et une limitation du parasitisme gastro-intestinal du fait de la spécificité de la plupart des nématodes pour leur hôte. En prairies fertiles, des génisses limousines pâturant simultanément avec des poula...

The sustainability of livestock systems can be assessed through their productive and environmental performance, the ecosystem services they provide or their resilience to hazards. We used a modelling approach to assess how key economic performance indicators respond to technical and market hazards in five different meat-sheep farms, across France a...

Grazing plays a key role in reducing the external inputs required for ruminant production and in aleviating feed-food competition. Beyond the production of meat and milk, grassland-based systems provide a wide range of ecosystem services. Agroecology and organic farming aim to reconcile natural resource management and food production, in the long t...

Animal production systems (APSs) have long been transformed through intensification, specialization and geographical concentration, leading them to become major anthropogenic drivers of pollution, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Agroecology, organic farming and sustainable intensification have been proposed as alternative models to invert th...

Strongyle infection is an important issue in horse breeding. It impairs horse health and performance, with young horses being the most sensitive. Strongyle control has long relied on the systematic use of chemical treatments. However, expanding anthelmintic resistance among strongyles calls for alternative options. Mixed grazing is assumed to reduc...

Diversified farming systems are proposed as a major mechanism to address the many sustainability issues of today's agriculture. Multi-species livestock farming, i.e. keeping two or more animal species simultaneously on the same farm, is an option that has received little attention to date. Moreover, most studies of multi-species livestock farming a...

La mise en œuvre à grande échelle des principes de l'agroécologie et de l'agriculture biologique est uneoption proposée pour répondre aux enjeux de durabilité de l'agriculture. Toutefois la capacité de telssystèmes à répondre aux enjeux de sécurité alimentaire globale reste posée. La place de l'élevage estau centre du débat, notamment en raison de...

Valoriser les services rendus par la prairie. Une voie pour assurer la durabilité des systèmes d’élevage herbagers ?

Cet article présente le livre édité en accès libre en format numérique par QUAE sur les impacts et services issus des élevages européens : https://www.quae-open.com/produit/115/9782759227051/impacts-et-services-issus-des-elevages-europeens. Résumé : Depuis le milieu des années 2000, l'élevage fait l'objet de vifs débats en raison de ses impacts su...

Depuis le milieu des années 2000, l’élevage fait l’objet de vifs débatsen raison de ses impacts sur le climat et l’environnement, accentuéspar la hausse de la consommation mondiale en viandes et produitslaitiers. Les impacts et services issus des élevages sont ici étudiésà l’échelle de l’Europe, en examinant leurs effets sur les marchés,l’emploi et...

Sustainability science proposes different methods to quantify trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services (ES). These methods are usually based on spatial correlations, temporal correlations, or production possibility frontiers (PPF). The latter is inspired by the Pareto optimality front, defined as the limit of the area where a criterion c...

Livestock farming is criticized for negatively impacting the environment, concerns about animal welfare and the impact of excessive meat consumption on human health. However, livestock farming provides other underappreciated and poorly communicated benefits to society in terms of employment, product quality, cultural landscapes and carbon storage b...

Ruminant farming systems are questioned for their contribution to climate change and feed-food competition. Here, we analyse the economic and environmental performances of five sheep farming systems optimised in terms of ewe productivity and feeding costs. Systems are located in contrasting biogeographical areas along a gradient of decreasing agron...

This paper presents the support system that was developed by the authors in collaboration with the actors (dairy farmers and processors) of the Fourme de Montbrison PDO cheese. The article illustrates the usefulness of Knowledge and Experiences Sharing (KES) in deconstructing worldviews, and as a central vehicle for elaborated support. We address t...

Bien que les filières avicoles oeuvrent pour répondre aux enjeux du développement durable, elles font aujourd'hui face à différentes controverses, notamment sur leurs impacts environnementaux ou sur le bien-être animal. Dans ce contexte, il apparait crucial de mieux cerner les atouts des filières, c'est-à-dire les services que ces filières rendent...

Livestock farming systems provide multiple benefits to humans: protein-rich diets that contribute to food security, employment and rural economies, capital stock and draught power in many developing countries, and cultural landscape all around the world. Despite these positive contributions to society, livestock is also the centre of many controver...

L'élevage de ruminants présente une forte diversité inter-exploitation dans la région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. La diversité des activités et des produits intra-exploitation permet de faire face aux aléas du marché. Afin de mieux caractériser cette diversité de l'élevage à deux échelles, les auteurs mobilisent la typologie d'exploitation Inosys. Il res...

Cet article présente le numéro spécial de la revue Inra Productions Animales « L’élevage en Europe : une diversité de services et d’impacts ». Il est composé de 10 articles proposant un bilan des recherches sur les rôles, impacts et services issus des élevages (ruminants, porcs et volailles) en Europe. Ces articles s’appuient sur trois chapitres de...

The spread of anthelmintic resistance in equine strongyle nematodes has become a major problem, advocating for the development of alternative control for strongyles. Our study consisted of both in vivo and in vitro experiments. We investigate for the first time the efficacy of a short-term consumption of tannin-rich sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia)...

La réduction de la part des protéines animales dans le régime alimentaire des Européens est une option de plus en plus privilégiée par les scientifiques pour améliorer à la fois l’empreinte environnementale et la santé humaine. Les systèmes herbagers permettent de maximiser les bénéfices environnementaux et santé. Les conséquences de plusieurs pist...

En 2008, l’Irlande a connu une crise économique et financière violente qui l’a contraint de mettre en place une stratégie de reconquête basée sur ses atouts et richesses naturelles. L’élevage bovin et ovin est alors devenu un secteur d’avenir, compte tenu notamment de sa vocation exportatrice historique. Ainsi, 80 à 90% de la production de lait ou...

L’élevage représente une activité majeure dans nombre de territoires ruraux européens. Au-delà des controverses sur les conséquences environnementales de l’élevage, et sur les conditions de vie et d’abattage des animaux, il rend différents services à la société qu’il convient de révéler, et si possible de quantifier. Le cadre conceptuel des bouquet...

L’élevage dans les espaces urbains et périurbains trouve actuellement un net regain d’intérêt en Europe du fait de l’intérêt croissant des consommateurs autour du « produire local » et du besoin de « nature » des citadins. Notre objectif est ici de synthétiser une littérature souvent fragmentaire et de structurer cette analyse grâce au cadre des bo...

Les zones herbagères de moyenne et de haute montagne fournissent un bouquet de services équilibré qui comprend des services d’approvisionnement (produits de qualité et disposant d’une bonne image auprès des consommateurs), des services environnementaux et de vitalité territoriale. Afin d’expliciter les déterminants de cette diversité, quatre études...

Dans cet article, nous analysons trois territoires à haute densité animale, différentiés par le contexte de production (densité et diversité des élevages), la sensibilité des milieux et les choix stratégiques et technologiques mis en œuvre pour la gestion des effluents : i) la Bretagne, un territoire de polyculture-polyélevage avec une forte densit...

Cet article propose une typologie qui décrit la diversité des territoires d’élevage européens, en s’appuyant sur deux critères simples et disponibles : la part des prairies permanentes dans la surface agricole utile (SAU) et la densité animale exprimée en Unité de Gros Bétail (UGB) par hectare de SAU. Appliquée aux données de l’Enquête sur la Struc...

L’élevage et les produits animaux sont souvent examinés par domaine (environnement, économie) ou par niveau d’organisation (exploitation agricole, filière, territoire, pays) si bien qu’il est difficile d’évaluer simultanément la diversité des services et impacts issus de l’élevage dans les territoires. En cohérence avec la littérature scientifique...

With climate change and its implications on livestock systems, dairy herds reared based on natural grasslands are especially susceptible. Grassland-based systems are exposed to highly unpredictable fluctuations in terms of diet quality and quantity as well as to other environmental challenges such as thermal stress. In this context, we consider tha...

Évaluer les impacts et services issus des élevages en Europe

Villes et espaces périurbains : lieux de nouvelles relations entre l’élevage et la société

Grazing management is an important tool to preserve insect biodiversity. Although literature has discussed the importance of grazing pressure adjustment to support grassland insect communities for the ecosystem services they provide, little has been published on the economic sustainability of such management adjustments to date. This study compared...

Livestock production is of major economic importance and defines rural landscapes in many parts of Europe. It has elicited controversy over the past decades, specifically with regards to its environmental impacts and animal welfare in industrial systems. It is therefore important to review scientific knowledge on the roles, impacts, and economic, o...

Livestock production is of major economic importance and defines rural landscapes in many parts of Europe. It has elicited controversy over the past decades, specifically with regards to its environmental impacts and animal welfare in industrial systems. It is therefore important to review scientific knowledge on the roles, impacts, and economic, o...

Agroecology uses natural processes and local resources rather than chemical inputs to ensure production while limiting the environmental footprint of agriculture. In this context, breeding innovations are necessary to obtain animals that are both productive and adapted to a broad range of local contexts. Whatever the animal sector, reorienting curr...

The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used t...

Dans le cadre du Projet Agro-Ecologique pour la France, la présente étude a été conduite afin de déterminer les « Outils et leviers pour favoriser le développement d'une génétique animale adaptée aux enjeux de l'agro-écologie (AE) ». Après une étude bibliographique portant sur les critères de performance au regard des enjeux de l'AE, et un état des...

All documents are available here: http://institut.inra.fr/Missions/Eclairer-les-decisions/Expertises/Toutes-les-actualites/Roles-impacts-et-services-issus-des-elevages-europeens Dumont B. (coord.), Dupraz P. (coord.), Aubin J., Benoit M., Bouamra-Mechemache Z., Chatellier V., Delaby L., Delfosse C., Dourmad J.Y., Duru M., Frappier L., Friant-Perro...

Rapport de l’Expertise scientifique collective réalisée par l’INRA à la demande des ministères en charge de l'Ecologie et de l'Agriculture, et de l'Ademe

L'évevage, dans sa diversité, est à la croisée de nombreux enjeux sociaux, économiques et environnementaux. Différentes options sont envisagées pour repositionner l’élevage sur une trajectoire de durabilité. Une première option est celle proposée par un groupe de chercheurs britanniques et australiens qui a publié l’an dernier un plaidoyer pour l’é...

Agroecology uses ecological processes and local resources rather than chemical inputs to develop productive and resilient livestock and crop production systems. In this context, breeding innovations are necessary to obtain animals that are both productive and adapted to a broad range of local contexts and diversity of systems. Breeding strategies t...

Agroecology uses natural processes and local resources rather than chemical inputs to ensure production while limiting the environmental footprint of livestock and crop production systems. Selecting to achieve a maximization of target production criteria has long proved detrimental to fitness traits. However, since the 1990s, developments in animal...

Livestock systems are a large global asset contributing to food security and poverty alleviation, but livestock supply chains have major environmental impacts at global scale. The scientific literature on agroecology has not yet integrated livestock systems; only 5 percent of the indexed studies concerning agroecology deal with livestock. Following...